关键词: 作物；耐旱基因；表达特性；遗传工程

Abstract:

Drought restricts crop growth and yield formation, and causes a series of physiological and biochemical reactions inside of crop. Drought tolerance of crops is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In order to cope with water deficiency, crops form multiple signaling pathways for surviving in morphology, physiology and molecular level. Under drought stress, crops activate transcription factors to regulate expression of the corresponding downstream genes, and being adapt to drought via the post-transcriptional regulation and osmotic adjustment, and maintain normal physiological and metabolic activities to reduce damage by drought stress. Stress can also induce the generation of small RNA, which regulates its target genes by inducing degradation of target gene mRNA and prevents translation, reaches the function of stress tolerance. Genetic engineering of crop drought-related genes, which can grow well under abiotic stresses, is very important. This paper summarized the function and application of genes involved in different drought response mechanisms, which will provide references for drought tolerance breeding.

Key words: crop, drought tolerant gene, expressive characteristics, genetic engineering