关键词: 施肥, 环境, 推荐施肥, 土壤测试, 产量反应

Abstract:

Scientific fertilization is an important measure to improve crop yield and nutrient use efficiency. At present, unscientific fertilization, low nutrient use efficiency and low production yield are the common problems in cropping system, which have resulted in fertilizer resources wasting, environment risk increasing and agro-food quality decreasing. Studies on the theory and methods of high efficient fertilizer are of important significance for ensuring food security, improving fertilizer use efficiency and protecting eco-environment safety. According to current situation of crop fertilization and nutrient use efficiency, this paper analyzed the effects of unscientific fertilization on soil, water, air, agro-food quality and human health; summarized two recommended fertilization strategies based on soil nutrient test and aboveground crop response; and introduced soil test method, fertilizer effect function method, chlorophyll meter, leaf color chart, nitrate reflect meter, canopy reflect meter, plant symptom diagnosis and methods based on crop yield response and agronomic efficiency. The paper also suggested that a suitable fertilizer method should be selected, so as to adapt to local conditions, achieve high production yield, be friendly to environmental and secure sustainable utilization of farmland.

Key words: fertilization, nvironment, fertilizer recommendation, soil test, yield response