关键词: 马铃薯主粮化, 食物能量, 可实现增产潜力, 宁夏南部山区

Abstract: Along with the implementation of the strategy of developing potato as a stable food in China, potato’s status in ensuring national food security has been continually improved. Based on food energy safety standard, this paper took 6 counties in southern hilly area of Ningxia Autonomous Region (Yuanzhou District, Xiji County, Longde County, Jingyuan County, Pengyang County and Haiyuan County) as example, studied the effects of potato stapling on grain safety and the other major crops. The result showed that in one crop per annual of northwest dry-land cropping area potato yields per unit (fresh weight) > corn > wheat > beans. Potato yields per unit of area in Longde and Jingyuan Counties reached 18.16 t/hm2 and 18.01 t/hm2, respectively, higher than national average level. Under current yield level per unit of area, the virtual water of potato was less than corn, wheat and beans; food energy produced by potato was significantly higher than that of wheat and soybeans, while lower than that of corn. Pengyang and Haiyuan Counties had larger potato yield-increasing potential, reaching 10.22 t/hm2 and 12.27 t/hm2, respectively, higher than that of corn and wheat. Only when the potato yield per unit of area was surpassing 3.8 times of wheat, 4.1 times of corn and 4.7 times of beans, food energy per unit area produced by potato could surpass that of wheat, corn and soybeans. Therefore, we should be very cautious about developing potato into a staple food in dryland area of the Loess Plateau. Different agriculture regions should ascertain potato as staple food, according to their actual status of agriculture structure, grain yield per unit of area, and grain yield-increasing potential, so as to avoid the decreasing of total food energy produced by arable land, and threatening the regional grain safety.

Key words: potato, staple food, food energy safety, crop yield-increasing potential, hilly area of southern Ningxia Autonomous Region