中国农业科技导报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (7): 124-130.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.665

• 资源环境 生物药物 生物质转化 • 上一篇    下一篇

万寿菊秸秆综合利用途径及其杀线作用研究

徐返1§,曹睿1§,陈志星2,王海宁3,李凡1,王扬1*,谢勇1*   

  1. 1.云南农业大学植保学院, 昆明 650201; 2.昆明虹之华园艺有限公司, 昆明 651700;
    3.云南农业大学香料研究所, 昆明 650051
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-28 出版日期:2017-07-15 发布日期:2016-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 谢勇,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为农业生物多样性与植物病害控制。E-mail:yongx_km@163.com;王扬,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为植物寄生线虫及其防治。E-mail:wangyang626@sina.com
  • 作者简介:§徐返与曹睿为本文共同第一作者。徐返,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物病理学。E-mail:962588719@qq.com。 曹睿,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业生物多样性与植物病害控制。E-mail:303728439@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目〔云教科(2014) 22 号〕;国家自然科学基金项目(31560502);教育部博士点基金项目(20105302100001)资助。

Research on Nematicidal Effect and Integrative Utility of Marigold Stalk

XU Fan1§, CAO Rui1§, CHEN Zhixing2, WANG Haining3, LI Fan1, WANG Yang1*, XIE Yong1*   

  1. 1.Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201; 2. Kunming Hongzhihua Gardening
    Co., Ltd., Kunming 651700; 3.Institute of Spice Research, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650051, China
  • Received:2016-10-28 Online:2017-07-15 Published:2016-11-24

摘要: 万寿菊的杀线活性广受关注,对万寿菊秸秆的综合利用进行了初步尝试。通过生物测定和温室试验,研究了万寿菊秸秆、添加万寿菊秸秆的平菇栽培基质及菊叶对根结线虫的抑杀作用,明确了万寿菊秸秆对根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明,万寿菊叶水提取物对南方根结线虫校正死亡率达到100%,与各处理和对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),而且,菌糠中按一定质量比添加万寿菊叶的处理(9∶1、3∶1、1∶1)显著提高了(校正死亡率分别为38.58%、40.25%、44.68%)平菇栽培基质水提取物的杀线活性(校正死亡率为26.54%)(P<005);栽培基质经过栽培平菇后获得的菌糠,其杀线活性(校正死亡率33.79%)相对于新鲜栽培基质有了显著提高(校正死亡率26.54%)(P<0.05);盆栽试验显示,移栽40 d后,添加不同比例万寿菊秸秆的处理中,万寿菊秸秆:菊叶质量比9∶1处理(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)对促进番茄植株株高(21.3~26.1 cm,对照18.53 cm)和植株地下部生长效果显著(4.75~5.79 g,对照2.0 g),而较高菊叶含量的处理(1∶1)抑制植株叶片生长,菌糠和菊叶处理中以平菇菌糠:菊叶质量比为3∶1的比例(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)防治根结线虫的效果最好(根结百分率26.5%~48.63%,对照74.7%),其防治效果与化学药剂噻唑膦(根结百分率20.1%)在统计学意义上相当。

关键词:
万寿菊,
秸秆, 食用菌, 菌糠, 南方根结线虫

Abstract: The nematicidal activity of marigold has attracted wide concern. This study carried out initial experiment to explore the comprehensive utilization of marigold stalk, and studied the effect of fungus substrate containing marigold stalk and marigold leaf on controlling Meloidogyne incongnita.  The results indicated that aqueous extract of marigold leaves could achieve 100% the highest corrected mortality of M. incongnita and the differences between each treatment and the control achieved significant (P<0.05) level. Besides,  cultivated substrate and marigold leaf (mass ratio 9∶1, 3∶1 and 1∶1) obtained the corrected mortality 38.5%, 40.25% and 44.68%, respectively. The used substrate could significantly improve the nematicidal activity of aqueous extract (its corrected mortality was 33.79%, P<0.05), while the fresh substrates corrected mortality was 26.54%. The pot experiment results showed that the treatments added with marigold leaves in substrate with 9∶1 (w/w) proportion (treated with 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, respectively) could significantly promote the tomato plant height by 21.3~26.1 cm, while the control was only 18.53 cm. And the growth of plant underground part obtained 475~5.79 g, while the control was 2.0 g. However, the high marigold leaf content treatment (1∶1) inhibited plant leaf growth. Remarkably, the treatments ( with 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, respectively) of used Pleurotus ostreatus substrate added by marigold leaves with mass ratio 3∶1 could achieve the best nematode control effect by 48.63%~26.5%, while that of the control was only 74.7%. Its control effect matched with that of the chemical fosthiazate 20.1%  by statistical significance quite.

Key words: Tagetes erecta, stalk, edible fungi, substrate for edible fungi cultivation, Meloidogyne incongnita