关键词: 枣树, 涌泉根灌, 秸秆覆盖, 地温, 水分特性, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different coverages on the soil water and thermal effect, jujube tree yield, and water use efficiency in the loess plateau area under bubbled-root irrigation, a non-full irrigation experiment was conducted at Mizhi Test Station in northern Shaanxi. The results showed that the effect of each covering treatment on average daily temperature was as following: plastic film cover>straw cover>CK. The change rate of heating and cooling by straw mulching was the slowest, and its adjusting ability to soil temperature was the best. The relationship between the average soil water content of each treatment after bubbled-root irrigation was in the order of straw cover (12.06%)>plastic film cover (11.27%)>CK (10.36%). The change of soil water content under straw mulching was more stable, and its water retention capacity was superior than that of film coverage and CK. During the whole growth period of jujube tree, water consumption of CK was the highest, reaching 761.94 mm, while that of straw coverage was the lowest, only 670.24 mm. Compairing with CK, the water consumption intensity of straw mulching and film-covered jujube trees decreased by 0.73 mm/d and 0.65 mm/d, respectively, and the water use efficiency increased by 31.7% and 18.78%, respectively than that of CK. The yield increased by 15.8% and 5.88% than CK, respectively. There were significant differences in yields between these 3 treatments. Straw-covered jujube tree had the best water retention performance, and could greatly increase jujube tree production. So it was the best covering method under this experimental condition. This paper provided theoretical basis and technical support for promoting water-saving and high efficient jujube cover technology under the mountaineous areas conditions of northern Shaanxi and under bubbled-root irrigation.

Key words: jujube, bubbled-root irrigation, straw mulching, geothermal, water characteristics, yield