中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 128-136.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0689

• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国北方冬季覆盖作物研究进展及发展前景

孙万仓1(), 裴新梧2, 马骊1, 王学芳3, 武军艳1, 李学才1, 蒲媛媛1, 刘丽君1, 柴鹏4, 李孝泽5, 贾玉娟6, 王积军7, 刘芳7, 陈其鲜8, 沈金雄9   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州 730070
    2.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京 100081
    3.甘肃农业职业技术学院,兰州 730030
    4.西峰区农业技术推广中心,甘肃 庆阳 745000
    5.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州 730000
    6.酒泉职业技术学院,甘肃 酒泉 735009
    7.全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
    8.甘肃省农业技术推广总站,兰州 730020
    9.华中农业大学,作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-05 接受日期:2020-11-04 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 作者简介:孙万仓 E-mail:18293121851@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金项目(GSCS-2020-Z1);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系项目(GARS-TSZ-1)

Advances and Outlook of Winter Cover Crop Development Research in Northern China

Wancang SUN1(), Xinwu PEI2, Li MA1, Xuefang WANG3, Junyan WU1, Xuecai LI1, Yuanyuan PU1, Lijun LIU1, Peng CHAI4, Xiaoze LI5, Yujuan JIA6, Jijun WANG7, Fang LIU7, Qixian CHEN8, Jinxiong SHEN9   

  1. 1.Rapeseed Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science; College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Institute of Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    3.Gansu Agricultural Technology College,Lanzhou 730030,China
    4.Xifeng District Agro-technology Extension Center,Gansu Qingyang 745000,China
    5.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    6.Jiuquan Vocational Technical College,Gansu Jiuquan 735009,China
    7.National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China
    8.Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730020,China
    9.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Received:2020-08-05 Accepted:2020-11-04 Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-01-25

摘要:

农田风蚀退化及其所导致的土地荒漠化是我国北方最大的生态环境问题之一,而冬春季农田长时间裸露是主要原因之一。冬油菜、冬小麦、麦茬等冬季覆盖度70%~95%,风蚀模数分别为22.3、23.3、83.5 kg·hm-2·h-1,分别为春播处理(543.6 kg·hm-2·h-1)的4.10%、4.28%、15.36%,在防治土壤风蚀、保育农田方面具有良好效果。概述了目前我国北方冬季覆盖作物及周年覆盖高效环保种植技术研究进展。推广应用冬季覆盖作物能够在我国北方广大地区实现农田的周年不间断地表有机覆盖,有效解决北方农田风蚀问题,保育农田,对推动农业提质增效和改善我国北方生态环境具有重要意义。

关键词: 冬季覆盖作物, 农田风蚀, 农田保育, 经济效益

Abstract:

The degrading land caused by wind erosion and the subsequent desertification of farmland in Nnorthern China have been one of the severe eco-environmental problems, which mainly resulted by the long explosion of farmland during winter and spring seasons. The cultivation of winter rapeseed, winter wheat and the wheat stubble after harvest could effectively improve this issue, whose land coverage rates in winter were varied from 70% to 95%. The wind erosion modulus of winter rapeseed, winter wheat and wheat stubble were 22.3, 23.3 and 83.5 kg·hm-2·h-1respectively, which were 4.10%, 4.28% and 15.36% of the control (spring seeded land, 543.6 kg·hm-2·h-1), respectively. This study summarized the research progress of winter cover crops and high-efficiency environmental protection planting technology of annual coverage in China. The application and dissemination of winter cover crops could guarantee constant organic surface coverage for the farmland in Northern China throughout the year, and had achieved great success in preventing winter erosion of farmland, which was of great significance to improve the agricultural quality and the ecological environment in north China.

Key words: winter cover crop, farmland wind erosion, conservation of farmland, economic benefit

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