全水溶聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥的研制及其对蔬菜的施用效果

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0187

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 157-163.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0187

全水溶聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥的研制及其对蔬菜的施用效果

燕子红¹(), 范东升¹, 赵彦梁¹, 彭枝忠²^,³, 郑丽敏²^,³, 解田²^,³, 苗志伟⁴()

^1.喀什大学化学与环境科学学院，新疆喀什 844006
^2.赤峰瑞阳化工有限公司，内蒙古赤峰 024000
^3.瓮福集团有限公司中低品位磷矿及其共伴生资源高效利用国家重点实验室，贵阳 550012
^4.南开大学化学学院元素有机化学国家重点实验室，天津 300071

收稿日期:2021-03-07 接受日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-25
通讯作者: 苗志伟
作者简介:燕子红 E-mail：172761175@qq.com；
基金资助:
南开大学沧州渤海新区绿色化工研究院基金项目(NCC2020FH01)

Development of Fully Water⁃soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate⁃rare Earth Slow⁃release Fertilizer and Its Application Effect to Vegetables

Zihong YAN¹(), Dongsheng FAN¹, Yanliang ZHAO¹, Zhizhong PENG²^,³, Limin ZHENG²^,³, Tian XIE²^,³, Zhiwei MIAO⁴()

^1.College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences，Kashgar University，Xinjiang Kashgar 844006，China
^2.Chifeng Ruiyang Chemical Co. ，Ltd. ，Inner Mongolia Chifeng 024000，China
^3.State Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Middle?Low Grade Phosphate Rock and Its Associated Resources，Wengfu Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Guiyang 550012，China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Elemento?Organic Chemistry，College of Chemistry，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China

Received:2021-03-07 Accepted:2021-06-01 Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-01-25
Contact: Zhiwei MIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研发新型全水溶聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥的合成方法及其对蔬菜的施用效果，使用聚合法合成低聚合度聚磷酸铵，通过控制聚合反应温度和原料配比，研究不同条件下聚磷酸铵的聚合度、水溶性、养分含量和pH变化。在此基础上通过控制反应条件，探究聚磷酸铵溶液对稀土金属镧和铈的螯合情况，并进一步利用制备的聚磷酸铵和聚磷酸铵-稀土肥进行田间肥效实验。结果表明，当85%磷酸与尿素摩尔比为1∶1.5、反应时间20 min、反应温度140 ℃时，合成的聚磷酸铵平均聚合度达到3.01，P₂O₅含量48.07%、含氮量26.38%，水溶性1.92 g·mL^?1。聚磷酸铵水溶液在50 ℃下使用超声方式溶解，螯合稀土金属镧和铈的含量分别达到541.0和757.4 mg·kg^?1。田间肥效实验表明，聚磷酸铵及聚磷酸铵-稀土肥对大白菜、茄子和番茄生长具有良好的促进作用。聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥是一类新型化肥，为实现化肥“减量增效”目标提供新的肥料品种。

关键词: 聚磷酸铵, 聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥, 全水溶性肥料, 蔬菜

Abstract:

To study the synthesis method of a new water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate-rare earth slow-release fertilizer and its application effect on vegetables， the polymerization method was used to synthesize ammonium polyphosphate with low polymerization degree. By controlling the polymerization temperature and the ratio of raw materials， the polymerization degree， water solubility， nutrient content and pH of ammonium polyphosphate under different conditions were determined. On this basis， by controlling the dissolution method and dissolution temperature， the chelation of the rare earth metal lanthanum and cerium by the ammonium polyphosphate solution was explored. The fertilizer efficiencies of prepared ammonium polyphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate rare earth fertilizers were tested in field. The results showed that the average polymerization degree， contents of phosphorus pentoxide and nitrogen， and the water solubility of ammonium polyphosphate were 3.01， 48.07%， 26.38% and 1.92 g·mL^?1， respectively， according to the procedure with 1∶1.5 of 85% phosphoric acid to urea， reaction time 20 min and reaction temperature 140 ℃. When ammonium polyphosphate aqueous solution was dissolved by ultrasonic at 50 ℃， the contents of chelated rare earth metal lanthanum and cerium reached to 541.0 and 757.4 mg·kg^?1， respectively. Fertilizer efficiency experiments in field showed that ammonium polyphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate rare earth fertilizers had significant effects on promoting the growths of Chinese cabbage， eggplant and tomato， which provided new fertilizer varieties for realizing “reduction and efficiency increase” fertilizer goal.

Key words: ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate?rare earth slow release fertilizer, water?soluble fertilizer, vegetables

中图分类号:

S143

燕子红, 范东升, 赵彦梁, 彭枝忠, 郑丽敏, 解田, 苗志伟. 全水溶聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥的研制及其对蔬菜的施用效果[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(1): 157-163.

Zihong YAN, Dongsheng FAN, Yanliang ZHAO, Zhizhong PENG, Limin ZHENG, Tian XIE, Zhiwei MIAO. Development of Fully Water⁃soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate⁃rare Earth Slow⁃release Fertilizer and Its Application Effect to Vegetables[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(1): 157-163.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	反应温度 Temperature/℃	磷酸/尿素（摩尔比） Phosphoric acid/urea （reactant molar ratio）
T1R1	130	1∶2
T1R2	130	1∶1.5
T1R3	130	1∶1
T2R1	140	1∶2
T2R2	140	1∶1.5
T2R3	140	1∶1
T3R1	150	1∶2
T3R2	150	1∶1.5
T3R3	150	1∶1

处理 Treatment	反应温度 Temperature/℃	磷酸/尿素（摩尔比） Phosphoric acid/urea （reactant molar ratio）
T1R1	130	1∶2
T1R2	130	1∶1.5
T1R3	130	1∶1
T2R1	140	1∶2
T2R2	140	1∶1.5
T2R3	140	1∶1
T3R1	150	1∶2
T3R2	150	1∶1.5
T3R3	150	1∶1

处理 Treatment	聚合度 Polymerization degree	含磷量 P₂O₅content/%	含氮量 N content/%	养分含量 Nutrient content/%	水溶性 Water soluble /（g·mL^‒1）	pH
T1R1	—	33.97±0.15 i	22.40±0.11 e	53.37±0.16 i	全水溶Fully water soluble	4.79±0.47 f
T1R2	—	35.32±0.27 h	19.33±0.16 h	56.37±0.15 g	全水溶Fully water soluble	4.11±0.56 g
T1R3	—	39.43±0.15 g	16.75±0.14 i	54.18±0.10 h	全水溶Fully water soluble	3.57±0.29 h
T2R1	3.54±0.07 c	40.58±0.33 f	26.87±0.13 a	67.45±0.21 f	1.37±0.07 c	7.10±0.74 a
T2R2	3.01±0.09 d	48.07±0.28 bc	26.38±0.11 b	74.45±0.23 a	1.92±0.08 a	6.97±0.44 b
T2R3	2.96±0.06 e	49.97±0.12 a	20.74±0.15 g	70.71±0.21 c	1.51±0.08 b	7.11±0.72 a
T3R1	6.21±0.02 a	43.87±0.19 e	24.48±0.13 d	68.35±0.21 e	0.62±0.02 f	6.60±0.38 c
T3R2	5.78±0.03 b	47.53±0.24 d	25.69±0.14 c	73.22±0.28 b	0.74±0.03 e	6.38±0.46 e
T3R3	5.81±0.06 b	48.52±0.34 b	21.83±0.13 f	70.35±0.23 d	0.81±0.03 d	6.53±0.24 d

处理 Treatment	聚合度 Polymerization degree	含磷量 P₂O₅content/%	含氮量 N content/%	养分含量 Nutrient content/%	水溶性 Water soluble /（g·mL^‒1）	pH
T1R1	—	33.97±0.15 i	22.40±0.11 e	53.37±0.16 i	全水溶Fully water soluble	4.79±0.47 f
T1R2	—	35.32±0.27 h	19.33±0.16 h	56.37±0.15 g	全水溶Fully water soluble	4.11±0.56 g
T1R3	—	39.43±0.15 g	16.75±0.14 i	54.18±0.10 h	全水溶Fully water soluble	3.57±0.29 h
T2R1	3.54±0.07 c	40.58±0.33 f	26.87±0.13 a	67.45±0.21 f	1.37±0.07 c	7.10±0.74 a
T2R2	3.01±0.09 d	48.07±0.28 bc	26.38±0.11 b	74.45±0.23 a	1.92±0.08 a	6.97±0.44 b
T2R3	2.96±0.06 e	49.97±0.12 a	20.74±0.15 g	70.71±0.21 c	1.51±0.08 b	7.11±0.72 a
T3R1	6.21±0.02 a	43.87±0.19 e	24.48±0.13 d	68.35±0.21 e	0.62±0.02 f	6.60±0.38 c
T3R2	5.78±0.03 b	47.53±0.24 d	25.69±0.14 c	73.22±0.28 b	0.74±0.03 e	6.38±0.46 e
T3R3	5.81±0.06 b	48.52±0.34 b	21.83±0.13 f	70.35±0.23 d	0.81±0.03 d	6.53±0.24 d

温度Temperature/℃	混合方式Stirring method	镧La/（mg·kg^‒1）	铈Ce/（mg·kg^‒1）
20	机械搅拌Mechanical stirring	47.9±2.9 f	54.9±4.7 f
20	超声Ultrasound	324.2±22.2 c	453.9±27.7 c
50	机械搅拌Mechanical stirring	97.6±5.1 d	163.3±12.5 d
50	超声Ultrasound	541.0±35.7 a	757.4±60.3 a
85	机械搅拌Mechanical stirring	83.4±3.5 b e	125.2±11.5 e
85	超声Ultrasound	421.0±39.4 b	587.4±45.4 b

全水溶聚磷酸铵-稀土缓释肥的研制及其对蔬菜的施用效果

Development of Fully Water⁃soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate⁃rare Earth Slow⁃release Fertilizer and Its Application Effect to Vegetables

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参考文献 20

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Metrics

指标Index	F1	F2	CK
植株形态 Plant phenotype	植株健壮，叶片较厚 Strong plant with thick leaves	非常健壮，叶片大且厚实 Very robust plant with large and thick leaves	植株瘦弱，叶片小且薄 Thin and weak plants with small and thin leaves
叶色Leaf colour	深绿色Dark green	浓绿Dark green	部分偏黄Partially yellow
总重Gross weight/kg	227±9 b	262±11 a	197±6 c
单棵重Single tree weight/kg	1.04±0.05 b	1.20±0.09 a	0.90±0.02 c

指标Index	F1	F2	CK
植株形态 Plant phenotype	植株健壮，叶片较大，坐果多 Robust plant with larger leaves and more fruit	非常健壮，叶片大，坐果多，非常茂盛Very sturdy plant with large leaves， a lot of fruit and very lush	茎较细，叶片较小Thinner stem and smaller leaves
叶色Leaf colour	亮紫绿色Bright purple green	亮紫绿色Bright purple green	紫色Purple
株高Plant height/cm	95.58±2.33 b	101.91±3.26 a	86.89±2.57 c
总重Gross weight/kg	27.28±1.68 b	29.20±3.70 a	17.28±2.52 c

指标Index	F1	F2	CK
植株形态 Plant phenotype	植株健壮，叶片较大，坐果多 Robust plant， with larger leaves and more fruit	非常健壮，叶片大，坐果多，非常茂盛 Very sturdy， with large leaves， a lot of fruit， and very lush	茎较细，叶片较小 Thinner stem and smaller leaves
叶色Leaf colour	深绿色Dark green	深绿色Dark green	绿色Green
染病情况 Infection	叶霉病稍好，去除老叶后，仅顶部新叶片良好 Slightly leaf mold disease， only good top new leaves after removing the old leaves	叶霉病稍好，去除老叶后，仅顶部新叶片良好 Slightly leaf mold disease， only good top new leaves after removing the old leaves	叶霉病严重，病斑布满整个叶片 Severe leaf mold disease， diseased spots all over the leaf
株高 Plant height/cm	100.70±4.69 b	111.08±5.14 a	98.54±5.94 c
总重 Gross weight/kg	39.13±1.33 b	50.44±1.92 a	25.65±0.89 c

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