中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 119-127.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0413
张涛1(), 宋海云1, 贺鹏1, 韦媛荣1, 许鹏1, 谭秋锦1, 郑树芳1, 覃振师1, 陆宇明2, 王文林1(
)
收稿日期:
2021-05-14
接受日期:
2021-07-26
出版日期:
2022-01-15
发布日期:
2022-01-25
通讯作者:
王文林
作者简介:
张涛 E-mail:zhangtaohjs@gxaas.net;
基金资助:
Tao ZHANG1(), Haiyun SONG1, Peng HE1, Yuanrong WEI1, Peng XU1, Qiujin TAN1, Shufang ZHENG1, Zhenshi QIN1, Yuming LU2, Wenlin WANG1(
)
Received:
2021-05-14
Accepted:
2021-07-26
Online:
2022-01-15
Published:
2022-01-25
Contact:
Wenlin WANG
摘要:
为了解不同澳洲坚果种质与其果仁氨基酸组分间的关系,筛选适合功能性氨基酸饮料加工的澳洲坚果品种,选取10株澳洲坚果优良种质的果实,对其果仁的氨基酸组成及含量进行测定,通过系统聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)和正交偏最小二乘-判别法(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)等对不同澳洲坚果种质的果仁氨基酸品质特征展开分析评价。结果表明,澳洲坚果氨基酸种类齐全,Glu、Arg、Met在不同种质间具有显著差异;聚类分析将10份澳洲坚果种质划分为2类,其中,第Ⅱ类包含6份澳洲坚果种质,其果仁氨基酸综合品质较好。OPLS-DA表明构建的模型准确可靠,并找到了2类间差异显著的特征性氨基酸组分,进一步证明第Ⅱ类种质果仁的氨基酸综合品质较好,尤其Glu、Arg两种药效氨基酸含量相对较高,可用于选育适合功能性氨基酸饮料加工的种质资源,为优质澳洲坚果的选育以及澳洲坚果氨基酸的高值化利用提供了理论支撑。
中图分类号:
张涛, 宋海云, 贺鹏, 韦媛荣, 许鹏, 谭秋锦, 郑树芳, 覃振师, 陆宇明, 王文林. 不同澳洲坚果种质果仁氨基酸组成分析与评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(1): 119-127.
Tao ZHANG, Haiyun SONG, Peng HE, Yuanrong WEI, Peng XU, Qiujin TAN, Shufang ZHENG, Zhenshi QIN, Yuming LU, Wenlin WANG. Analysis and Evaluation of Amino Acid Composition in Different Macadamiaternifolia Germplasm[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(1): 119-127.
氨基酸Amino acid | GR1 | JW | B7 | B4 | B3 | A4 | HJ | A16 | A38 | SH | 平均Mean | 标准差SD | 变异系数CV/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
必需氨基酸 Essential amino-acid /(g·100 g-1) | 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.270±0.017bc | 0.277±0.015bc | 0.280±0.000bc | 0.273±0.006bc | 0.253±0.006c | 0.213±0.006d | 0.273±0.006bc | 0.280±0.010bc | 0.290±0.017b | 0.347±0.031a | 0.276 | 0.031 | 11.305 |
缬氨酸 Val | 0.323±0.023cd | 0.370±0.010ab | 0.367±0.006ab | 0.343±0.006bc | 0.340±0.000bc | 0.300±0.010d | 0.350±0.010abc | 0.347±0.035bc | 0.313±0.021cd | 0.383±0.035a | 0.344 | 0.025 | 7.186 | |
蛋氨酸 MetΔ | 0.057±0.029bc | 0.057±0.006bc | 0.080±0.000a | 0.060±0.000abc | 0.070±0.000abc | 0.063±0.006abc | 0.077±0.006ab | 0.063±0.012abc | 0.067±0.012abc | 0.053±0.012c | 0.065 | 0.008 | 12.876 | |
异亮氨酸IleΔ | 0.223±0.040c | 0.273±0.006ab | 0.270±0.010ab | 0.247±0.006bc | 0.243±0.006bc | 0.207±0.006c | 0.247±0.006bc | 0.247±0.042bc | 0.310±0.030a | 0.300±0.017a | 0.257 | 0.030 | 11.860 | |
亮氨酸 LeuΔ | 0.473±0.058cde | 0.550±0.010a | 0.527±0.006ab | 0.483±0.006bcd | 0.470±0.000cde | 0.397±0.006f | 0.497±0.006bcd | 0.460±0.044de | 0.513±0.025abc | 0.433±0.021ef | 0.480 | 0.043 | 8.868 | |
苯丙氨酸PheΔ | 0.270±0.035bc | 0.297±0.006b | 0.300±0.000b | 0.280±0.010bc | 0.290±0.000bc | 0.257±0.006c | 0.300±0.010b | 0.283±0.035bc | 0.373±0.021a | 0.280±0.030bc | 0.293 | 0.030 | 10.156 | |
赖氨酸 LysΔ | 0.367±0.029cd | 0.420±0.010a | 0.397±0.006abc | 0.383±0.006bc | 0.387±0.006abc | 0.337±0.006de | 0.397±0.006abc | 0.307±0.015e | 0.407±0.015ab | 0.400±0.044abc | 0.380 | 0.033 | 8.630 | |
半必需氨基酸Semiessential amino acid /(g·100 g-1) | 组氨酸 His | 0.170±0.017cd | 0.200±0.000a | 0.200±0.000a | 0.180±0.000bc | 0.180±0.000bc | 0.160±0.000d | 0.197±0.006ab | 0.200±0.017a | 0.163±0.015cd | 0.163±0.006cd | 0.181 | 0.016 | 8.747 |
精氨酸 ArgΔ | 1.147±0.064cd | 1.377±0.006a | 1.123±0.006cd | 0.973±0.006e | 0.960±0.000e | 0.783±0.006f | 1.073±0.012d | 1.127±0.103cd | 1.250±0.040b | 1.163±0.025c | 1.098 | 0.156 | 14.203 | |
非必需氨基酸 Non-essential amino acid /(g·100 g-1) | 天冬氨酸AspΔ | 0.723±0.040cdef | 0.857±0.021a | 0.783±0.006bc | 0.697±0.006ef | 0.673±0.006f | 0.543±0.006g | 0.767±0.072bcd | 0.713±0.040def | 0.747±0.035cde | 0.810±0.020ab | 0.731 | 0.081 | 11.141 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 0.370±0.017b | 0.407±0.015a | 0.370±0.010b | 0.350±0.000bc | 0.350±0.000bc | 0.273±0.006d | 0.360±0.000bc | 0.373±0.012b | 0.337±0.015c | 0.337±0.025c | 0.353 | 0.033 | 9.326 | |
谷氨酸 GluΔ | 2.063±0.127b | 2.403±0.15a | 2.100±0.100b | 1.757±0.006d | 1.750±0.000d | 1.383±0.006e | 1.947±0.006c | 1.480±0.108e | 2.123±0.038b | 2.037±0.045bc | 1.904 | 0.296 | 15.551 | |
脯氨酸 Pro | 0.283±0.040b | 0.377±0.015a | 0.303±0.006b | 0.283±0.006b | 0.220±0.000c | 0.180±0.000d | 0.230±0.017c | 0.383±0.038a | 0.323±0.031b | 0.307±0.015b | 0.289 | 0.062 | 21.461 | |
甘氨酸 GlyΔ | 0.403±0.023cde | 0.460±0.010ab | 0.417±0.006cd | 0.387±0.006de | 0.380±0.000e | 0.307±0.006f | 0.403±0.012cde | 0.490±0.020a | 0.433±0.015bc | 0.423±0.045c | 0.410 | 0.047 | 11.399 | |
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.323±0.023b | 0.373±0.012a | 0.360±0.000ab | 0.340±0.000ab | 0.333±0.006b | 0.270±0.010c | 0.323±0.006b | 0.330±0.046b | 0.357±0.021ab | 0.343±0.031ab | 0.335 | 0.027 | 7.992 | |
半胱氨酸Cys | 0.173±0.006d | 0.227±0.021b | 0.180±0.000d | 0.147±0.006ef | 0.147±0.006ef | 0.130±0.010f | 0.153±0.006e | 0.273±0.021a | 0.203±0.012c | 0.180±0.010d | 0.181 | 0.041 | 22.666 | |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 0.377±0.046de | 0.437±0.006bc | 0.393±0.006de | 0.323±0.006f | 0.320±0.000f | 0.280±0.000g | 0.363±0.006e | 0.477±0.031a | 0.450±0.030ab | 0.407±0.015cd | 0.383 | 0.059 | 15.542 | |
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid/(g·100 g-1) | 8.017±0.635cd | 9.360±0.130a | 8.450±0.079b | 7.507±0.046ef | 7.367±0.015f | 6.083±0.042g | 7.957±0.140d | 7.833±0.127de | 8.660±0.105b | 8.367±0.112bc | 7.960 | 0.834 | 10.476 | |
必需氨基酸总量 Total essential amino acids /(g·100 g-1) | 1.983±0.231d | 2.243±0.050b | 2.220±0.020ab | 2.070±0.026bcd | 2.053±0.012cd | 1.773±0.023e | 2.140±0.036abcd | 1.987±0.055d | 2.273±0.078a | 2.197±0.095abc | 2.094 | 0.146 | 6.950 | |
药效氨基酸总量 Total pharmacodynamic amino acids/(g·100 g-1) | 5.727±0.445c | 6.693±0.071a | 5.997±0.096bc | 5.267±0.031d | 5.223±0.012d | 4.277±0.023e | 5.707±0.110c | 5.170±0.050d | 6.223±0.133b | 5.900±0.053c | 5.618 | 0.636 | 11.319 |
表1 不同澳洲坚果种质果仁氨基酸组成及含量
Table 1 Amount and composition of amino acid of Macadamiaternifolia among different germplasms
氨基酸Amino acid | GR1 | JW | B7 | B4 | B3 | A4 | HJ | A16 | A38 | SH | 平均Mean | 标准差SD | 变异系数CV/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
必需氨基酸 Essential amino-acid /(g·100 g-1) | 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.270±0.017bc | 0.277±0.015bc | 0.280±0.000bc | 0.273±0.006bc | 0.253±0.006c | 0.213±0.006d | 0.273±0.006bc | 0.280±0.010bc | 0.290±0.017b | 0.347±0.031a | 0.276 | 0.031 | 11.305 |
缬氨酸 Val | 0.323±0.023cd | 0.370±0.010ab | 0.367±0.006ab | 0.343±0.006bc | 0.340±0.000bc | 0.300±0.010d | 0.350±0.010abc | 0.347±0.035bc | 0.313±0.021cd | 0.383±0.035a | 0.344 | 0.025 | 7.186 | |
蛋氨酸 MetΔ | 0.057±0.029bc | 0.057±0.006bc | 0.080±0.000a | 0.060±0.000abc | 0.070±0.000abc | 0.063±0.006abc | 0.077±0.006ab | 0.063±0.012abc | 0.067±0.012abc | 0.053±0.012c | 0.065 | 0.008 | 12.876 | |
异亮氨酸IleΔ | 0.223±0.040c | 0.273±0.006ab | 0.270±0.010ab | 0.247±0.006bc | 0.243±0.006bc | 0.207±0.006c | 0.247±0.006bc | 0.247±0.042bc | 0.310±0.030a | 0.300±0.017a | 0.257 | 0.030 | 11.860 | |
亮氨酸 LeuΔ | 0.473±0.058cde | 0.550±0.010a | 0.527±0.006ab | 0.483±0.006bcd | 0.470±0.000cde | 0.397±0.006f | 0.497±0.006bcd | 0.460±0.044de | 0.513±0.025abc | 0.433±0.021ef | 0.480 | 0.043 | 8.868 | |
苯丙氨酸PheΔ | 0.270±0.035bc | 0.297±0.006b | 0.300±0.000b | 0.280±0.010bc | 0.290±0.000bc | 0.257±0.006c | 0.300±0.010b | 0.283±0.035bc | 0.373±0.021a | 0.280±0.030bc | 0.293 | 0.030 | 10.156 | |
赖氨酸 LysΔ | 0.367±0.029cd | 0.420±0.010a | 0.397±0.006abc | 0.383±0.006bc | 0.387±0.006abc | 0.337±0.006de | 0.397±0.006abc | 0.307±0.015e | 0.407±0.015ab | 0.400±0.044abc | 0.380 | 0.033 | 8.630 | |
半必需氨基酸Semiessential amino acid /(g·100 g-1) | 组氨酸 His | 0.170±0.017cd | 0.200±0.000a | 0.200±0.000a | 0.180±0.000bc | 0.180±0.000bc | 0.160±0.000d | 0.197±0.006ab | 0.200±0.017a | 0.163±0.015cd | 0.163±0.006cd | 0.181 | 0.016 | 8.747 |
精氨酸 ArgΔ | 1.147±0.064cd | 1.377±0.006a | 1.123±0.006cd | 0.973±0.006e | 0.960±0.000e | 0.783±0.006f | 1.073±0.012d | 1.127±0.103cd | 1.250±0.040b | 1.163±0.025c | 1.098 | 0.156 | 14.203 | |
非必需氨基酸 Non-essential amino acid /(g·100 g-1) | 天冬氨酸AspΔ | 0.723±0.040cdef | 0.857±0.021a | 0.783±0.006bc | 0.697±0.006ef | 0.673±0.006f | 0.543±0.006g | 0.767±0.072bcd | 0.713±0.040def | 0.747±0.035cde | 0.810±0.020ab | 0.731 | 0.081 | 11.141 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 0.370±0.017b | 0.407±0.015a | 0.370±0.010b | 0.350±0.000bc | 0.350±0.000bc | 0.273±0.006d | 0.360±0.000bc | 0.373±0.012b | 0.337±0.015c | 0.337±0.025c | 0.353 | 0.033 | 9.326 | |
谷氨酸 GluΔ | 2.063±0.127b | 2.403±0.15a | 2.100±0.100b | 1.757±0.006d | 1.750±0.000d | 1.383±0.006e | 1.947±0.006c | 1.480±0.108e | 2.123±0.038b | 2.037±0.045bc | 1.904 | 0.296 | 15.551 | |
脯氨酸 Pro | 0.283±0.040b | 0.377±0.015a | 0.303±0.006b | 0.283±0.006b | 0.220±0.000c | 0.180±0.000d | 0.230±0.017c | 0.383±0.038a | 0.323±0.031b | 0.307±0.015b | 0.289 | 0.062 | 21.461 | |
甘氨酸 GlyΔ | 0.403±0.023cde | 0.460±0.010ab | 0.417±0.006cd | 0.387±0.006de | 0.380±0.000e | 0.307±0.006f | 0.403±0.012cde | 0.490±0.020a | 0.433±0.015bc | 0.423±0.045c | 0.410 | 0.047 | 11.399 | |
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.323±0.023b | 0.373±0.012a | 0.360±0.000ab | 0.340±0.000ab | 0.333±0.006b | 0.270±0.010c | 0.323±0.006b | 0.330±0.046b | 0.357±0.021ab | 0.343±0.031ab | 0.335 | 0.027 | 7.992 | |
半胱氨酸Cys | 0.173±0.006d | 0.227±0.021b | 0.180±0.000d | 0.147±0.006ef | 0.147±0.006ef | 0.130±0.010f | 0.153±0.006e | 0.273±0.021a | 0.203±0.012c | 0.180±0.010d | 0.181 | 0.041 | 22.666 | |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 0.377±0.046de | 0.437±0.006bc | 0.393±0.006de | 0.323±0.006f | 0.320±0.000f | 0.280±0.000g | 0.363±0.006e | 0.477±0.031a | 0.450±0.030ab | 0.407±0.015cd | 0.383 | 0.059 | 15.542 | |
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid/(g·100 g-1) | 8.017±0.635cd | 9.360±0.130a | 8.450±0.079b | 7.507±0.046ef | 7.367±0.015f | 6.083±0.042g | 7.957±0.140d | 7.833±0.127de | 8.660±0.105b | 8.367±0.112bc | 7.960 | 0.834 | 10.476 | |
必需氨基酸总量 Total essential amino acids /(g·100 g-1) | 1.983±0.231d | 2.243±0.050b | 2.220±0.020ab | 2.070±0.026bcd | 2.053±0.012cd | 1.773±0.023e | 2.140±0.036abcd | 1.987±0.055d | 2.273±0.078a | 2.197±0.095abc | 2.094 | 0.146 | 6.950 | |
药效氨基酸总量 Total pharmacodynamic amino acids/(g·100 g-1) | 5.727±0.445c | 6.693±0.071a | 5.997±0.096bc | 5.267±0.031d | 5.223±0.012d | 4.277±0.023e | 5.707±0.110c | 5.170±0.050d | 6.223±0.133b | 5.900±0.053c | 5.618 | 0.636 | 11.319 |
氨基酸Amino-acid | 第Ⅰ类 Class Ⅰ | 第Ⅱ类Class Ⅱ | |
---|---|---|---|
必需氨基酸 Essential amino-acid | 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.255 | 0.290 |
缬氨酸 Val | 0.333 | 0.351 | |
蛋氨酸 MetΔ | 0.064 | 0.065 | |
异亮氨酸 IleΔ | 0.236 | 0.271 | |
亮氨酸 LeuΔ | 0.453 | 0.499 | |
苯丙氨酸 PheΔ | 0.278 | 0.303 | |
赖氨酸 LysΔ | 0.354 | 0.398 | |
半必需氨基酸 Semiessential amino acid | 组氨酸 His | 0.180 | 0.182 |
精氨酸 ArgΔ | 0.961 | 1.189* | |
非必需氨基酸 Non-essential amino acid | 天冬氨酸 AspΔ | 0.657 | 0.781 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 0.337 | 0.364 | |
谷氨酸 GluΔ | 1.593 | 2.112* | |
脯氨酸 Pro | 0.267 | 0.304 | |
甘氨酸 GlyΔ | 0.391 | 0.423 | |
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.318 | 0.347 | |
半胱氨酸 Cys | 0.174 | 0.186 | |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 0.350 | 0.405 | |
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid 必需氨基酸总量 Total essential amino acids 药效氨基酸总量 Total pharmacodynamic amino acids | 7.198 | 8.469* | |
1.971 | 2.176* | ||
4.984 | 6.041* |
表2 不同类群澳洲坚果种质的氨基酸含量 (g·100 g-1)
Table 2 Contents of amino acids in different cluster of Macadamia germplasms
氨基酸Amino-acid | 第Ⅰ类 Class Ⅰ | 第Ⅱ类Class Ⅱ | |
---|---|---|---|
必需氨基酸 Essential amino-acid | 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.255 | 0.290 |
缬氨酸 Val | 0.333 | 0.351 | |
蛋氨酸 MetΔ | 0.064 | 0.065 | |
异亮氨酸 IleΔ | 0.236 | 0.271 | |
亮氨酸 LeuΔ | 0.453 | 0.499 | |
苯丙氨酸 PheΔ | 0.278 | 0.303 | |
赖氨酸 LysΔ | 0.354 | 0.398 | |
半必需氨基酸 Semiessential amino acid | 组氨酸 His | 0.180 | 0.182 |
精氨酸 ArgΔ | 0.961 | 1.189* | |
非必需氨基酸 Non-essential amino acid | 天冬氨酸 AspΔ | 0.657 | 0.781 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 0.337 | 0.364 | |
谷氨酸 GluΔ | 1.593 | 2.112* | |
脯氨酸 Pro | 0.267 | 0.304 | |
甘氨酸 GlyΔ | 0.391 | 0.423 | |
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.318 | 0.347 | |
半胱氨酸 Cys | 0.174 | 0.186 | |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 0.350 | 0.405 | |
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid 必需氨基酸总量 Total essential amino acids 药效氨基酸总量 Total pharmacodynamic amino acids | 7.198 | 8.469* | |
1.971 | 2.176* | ||
4.984 | 6.041* |
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[1] | 林浩坚1,刘刚1*,杨卫梅1,安冉1,欧全宏1,时有明2. 二维相关红外光谱分析鉴别不同产地黑木耳[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(1): 154-163. |
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