两级分段式黑水虻虫沙滚筒筛分装置设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对黑水虻虫沙分选过程中黑水虻幼虫含杂率高、损失率高等问题，结合黑水虻虫沙的机械物理特性设计了一种黑水虻虫沙分离装置，该装置主要由两级滚筒筛、链轮、电机等组成。以滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、喂入量为试验因素，以含杂率和损失率为评价指标，设计三因素三水平正交试验，分析各因素对含水率为30.2%的黑水虻虫沙筛分性能的影响。结果表明：影响含杂率因素的主次顺序为喂入量、滚筒转速、滚筒倾角；影响损失率的主次顺序是滚筒转速、喂入量、滚筒倾角。利用Design-Expert软件分析得出最佳参数组合：滚筒转速为30 r·min^-1，滚筒倾角为7°，喂入量为1.6 t·h^-1，预测含杂率为1.109%，损失率为8.430%。经过验证试验得到该参数组合下的含杂率为1.165%、损失率为8.877%，优化结果与验证结果基本一致，该结果可为黑水虻虫沙筛分设备的设计与作业参数优化提供参考。

关键词: 两级分段式, 滚筒筛, 黑水虻虫沙, 响应曲面

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high impurity rate and high loss rate of black soldier fly larvae during the sorting process of black soldier fly insect sand， combined with the mechanical and physical characteristics of black soldier fly insect sand， a black soldier fly insect sand separation device was designed. The device was mainly composed of two-stage drum screen， sprocket and motor. Taking drum speed， drum inclination angle， and feeding amount as the test factors， impurity rate and loss rate as evaluation indexes， a three-factor three-level orthogonal test was designed to study the influence of each factor on the screening performance of the black soldier fly insect sand with a water content of 30.2%. The results showed that the order of the factors to impact the impurity rate was the feed amount， the drum speed and the drum inclination angle； the order of the factors to the loss rate was the drum speed， the feed amount and the drum inclination angle. Using Design-Expert software analysis， the best combination of the factors was obtained as follows： the drum speed was 30 r·min^-1， the drum inclination angle was 7°， and the feed amount was 1.6 t·h^-1， the impurity rate was 1.109%， and the loss rate was 8.430%. The results of verification test showed， the impurity rate was 1.165%， the loss rate was 8.877%， which was basically the same as the verification test results. The research results provided reference for the design of black soldier fly insect sand screening equipment and optimization of operating parameters.

Key words: two-stage segmented, trommel, black soldier fly insect sand, response surface

中图分类号:

S226.5

方芹, 宋世圣, 周婷, 彭才望, 孙松林, 朱海英. 两级分段式黑水虻虫沙滚筒筛分装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(3): 130-139.

Qin FANG, Shisheng SONG, Ting ZHOU, Caiwang PENG, Songlin SUN, Haiying ZHU. Design and Experiment of a Two-Stage Segmented Drum Screening Device for Black Soldier Fly Insect Sand[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(3): 130-139.

图/表 14

图1 两级分段式黑水虻虫沙分离滚筒筛结构注：1—传送带；2—进料口；3—一级筛网；4—二级筛网；5—调速电机；6—传动系统；7—出料口；8—机架。

Fig.1 Structure of two?stage segmented black soldier fly insect sand separation drum screenNote： 1—Conveyor belt； 2—Feeding port； 3—First level screen； 4—Secondary screen； 5—Speed regulating motor； 6—Transmission system； 7—Discharge port； 8—Frame.

图2 筛孔分布

Fig.2 Expanded view of sieve holes

图3 黑水虻虫沙颗粒受力及运动轨迹

Fig.3 Force and movement trajectory of black solider fly insect sand particle

图4 黑水虻虫沙混合物空间运动轨迹

Fig.4 Space movement trajectory of black solider fly insect sand mixture

图5 滚筒筛物料运动轨迹

Fig.5 Trajectory of the material movement of the trommel

表1 试验因素编码

Table 1 Coding of test factors

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A：滚筒转速 Drum speed/（r·min^-1）	B：滚筒倾角 Drum inclination angle/（°）	C：喂入量 Feeding amount/（t·h^-1）
-1	30	5	1.2
0	40	6	1.5
1	50	7	1.8

图6 不同滚筒转速下黑水虻虫沙分离效果

Fig.6 Effect of drum speed on the separation of black water fly insect sand

图7 滚筒倾角对黑水虻虫沙分离效果的影响

Fig.7 Effect of the drum inclination angle on the separation of black water fly insect sand

图8 喂入量对黑水虻虫沙分离效果的影响

Fig.8 Effect of feeding amount on the separation of black water fly insect sand

表2 试验方案与结果

Table 2 Experiment design and response values

序号 Number	A：滚筒转速 Drum speed/（r·min^-1）	B：滚筒倾角 Drum inclination angle/（°）	C：喂入量 Feeding amount/（t·h^-1）	Y₁：含杂率 Impurity rate/%	Y₂：损失率 Loss rate/%
1	30	5	1.5	1.50	12.16
2	50	5	1.5	2.00	19.05
3	30	7	1.5	1.10	9.46
4	50	7	1.5	1.25	18.37
5	30	6	1.2	1.65	9.92
6	50	6	1.2	1.95	18.33
7	30	6	1.8	1.21	8.43
8	50	6	1.8	1.80	16.85
9	40	5	1.2	1.11	15.38
10	40	7	1.2	0.95	14.75
11	40	5	1.8	1.30	13.83
12	40	7	1.8	2.40	9.60
13	40	6	1.5	1.40	13.42
14	40	6	1.5	1.50	12.75
15	40	6	1.5	1.38	13.33
16	40	6	1.5	1.49	12.84
17	40	6	1.5	1.53	12.34

表3 含杂率模型显著性检验结果

Table 3 Significance test result of impurity rate model

变异来源 Source	含杂率Impurity rate
变异来源 Source	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Molel	11	0.20	40.22	0.000 4^**
A	1	0.30	60.25	0.000 6^**
B	1	0.22	44.90	0.001 1^**
C	1	0.67	136.67	<0.000 1^**
AB	1	0.031	6.22	0.054 8
AC	1	0.021	4.27	0.093 6
BC	1	0.40	80.67	0.000 3^**
A²	1	0.049	9.89	0.025 5^*
B²	1	0.046	9.44	0.027 7^*
C²	1	0.030	6.18	0.055 4
残差Residual	5	$4.92 × 10 - 3$
失拟项Lack of fit	1	$7.2 × 10 - 3$	1.66	0.267 7
纯误差Pure error	4	$4.35 × 10 - 3$

表3 含杂率模型显著性检验结果

Table 3 Significance test result of impurity rate model

变异来源 Source	含杂率Impurity rate
变异来源 Source	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Molel	11	0.20	40.22	0.000 4^**
A	1	0.30	60.25	0.000 6^**
B	1	0.22	44.90	0.001 1^**
C	1	0.67	136.67	<0.000 1^**
AB	1	0.031	6.22	0.054 8
AC	1	0.021	4.27	0.093 6
BC	1	0.40	80.67	0.000 3^**
A²	1	0.049	9.89	0.025 5^*
B²	1	0.046	9.44	0.027 7^*
C²	1	0.030	6.18	0.055 4
残差Residual	5	$4.92 × 10 - 3$
失拟项Lack of fit	1	$7.2 × 10 - 3$	1.66	0.267 7
纯误差Pure error	4	$4.35 × 10 - 3$

表4 损失率模型显著性检验结果

Table 4 Significance test result of loss rate model

变异来源 Source	损失率Loss rate
变异来源 Source	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	9	18.39	43.86	<0.000 1^**
A	1	133.09	317.52	<0.000 1^**
B	1	8.49	20.25	0.002 8^**
C	1	11.69	27.89	0.001 1^**
AB	1	1.02	2.43	0.162 7
AC	1	$2.50 × 10 - 5$	$5.96 × 10 - 5$	0.994 1
BC	1	3.24	7.73	0.027 3^*
A²	1	3.47	8.29	0.023 7^*
B²	1	3.53	8.42	0.022 9^*
C²	1	0.90	2.14	0.186 7
残差Residual	7	0.42
失拟项Lack of fit	3	0.72	3.63	0.122 6
纯误差Pure error	4	0.20

表4 损失率模型显著性检验结果

Table 4 Significance test result of loss rate model

变异来源 Source	损失率Loss rate
变异来源 Source	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	9	18.39	43.86	<0.000 1^**
A	1	133.09	317.52	<0.000 1^**
B	1	8.49	20.25	0.002 8^**
C	1	11.69	27.89	0.001 1^**
AB	1	1.02	2.43	0.162 7
AC	1	$2.50 × 10 - 5$	$5.96 × 10 - 5$	0.994 1
BC	1	3.24	7.73	0.027 3^*
A²	1	3.47	8.29	0.023 7^*
B²	1	3.53	8.42	0.022 9^*
C²	1	0.90	2.14	0.186 7
残差Residual	7	0.42
失拟项Lack of fit	3	0.72	3.63	0.122 6
纯误差Pure error	4	0.20

图9 各因素对分离性能影响的响应曲面

Fig.9 Response surface of the influence of various factors on separation performance

表5 验证结果

Tab.5 Verification result

指标

Index

含杂率

Impurity rate/%

损失率

Loss rate/%

平均实际值

Average actual value

1.165

8.877

预测值

Predictive value

1.109

8.430

相对误差

Relative error

4.807

5.035

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