油菜苗期对盐碱胁迫的离子响应机制

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0835

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究油菜苗期不同生长阶段（苗前期与苗后期）体内离子吸收及分配对复合盐碱胁迫的响应机制，以‘华油杂62号’为材料，采用盆栽方法，分析复合盐碱胁迫下离子（Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺）在油菜苗期不同器官吸收及分布的变化。结果表明，油菜苗前期在中度、重度盐碱处理下，根冠比较轻度处理分别增加16.47%、48.83%，而苗后期分别降低9.06%、45.49%；随盐碱程度的增加，油菜苗期各部位Na⁺含量均呈增加趋势，重度盐碱处理下Na⁺含量均显著高于轻度和中度处理，且苗前期Na⁺主要积累于茎叶，苗后期主要积累于根部；根中Na⁺含量在苗后期显著大于苗前期，分别增加1.80（轻度）、1.80（中度）和1.17倍（重度）；K⁺主要积累于根部，苗后期根中的K⁺含量显著低于苗前期，分别降低65.7%（轻度）、83.1%（中度）和67.3%（重度）；选择性运输系数 $S C a 2 +, ?? N a +$ 表现为苗前期>苗后期，而 $S K +, ?? N a +$ 和 $S M g 2 +, ?? N a + ?$ 表现为苗前期<苗后期。由此可见，油菜苗前期与苗后期的离子平衡耐盐碱机制可能不同；苗前期根中Na⁺含量小于茎叶，优先促进根系生长发育，同时增加根部向茎叶选择性运输Ca²⁺以缓解盐碱胁迫；而苗后期根中Na⁺含量大于茎叶，茎叶Na⁺含量减少，同时增加根部对K⁺、Ca²⁺吸收以及根部向茎叶选择性运输K⁺、Mg²⁺，以提高其耐盐性，为油菜在盐碱地的种植提供理论依据。

关键词: 盐碱胁迫, 苗前期, 苗后期, 离子吸收与运输, 离子平衡

Abstract:

To study the mechanisms of ion distribution and uptake in canola seedlings under combined saline stress at different growth stages （early-seedling stage and late-seedling stage）， ‘Huayouza 62’ was as material. The changes of dry weight and the contents ions （Na⁺， K⁺， Ca²⁺， Mg²⁺） in root and stem-leaf of canola seedlings at different stages under different degrees of combined salinity stress were determined by a pot experiment. The results showed that the root/shoot ratio under moderate and high stress increased by 16.47% and 48.83% in the early-seedling stage compared with the low stress， and decreased by 9.06% and 45.49% in the late-seedling stage. The Na⁺ contents in the stem-leaves and roots of canola seedling increased with the increase of salinity stress， and the Na⁺ content under high stress was significantly higher than other treatments， and Na⁺ accumulated mainly in stems and leaves in the early-seedling stage while in roots in the late-seedling stage. Compared with that in the early-seedling stage， the Na⁺ content of root in the late-seedling stage increased significantly by 1.80 （low stress）， 1.80 （moderate stress） and 1.17-fold （high stress）. K⁺ was mainly accumulated in roots， and the K⁺ content of root in the late- seedling stage was significantly lower than that in the early-seedling stage， with a reduction of 65.7% （low stress）， 83.1% （moderate stress） and 67.3% （high stress）. The selective transport coefficient （ $S C a 2 +, ? N a +$ ） in early-seedling stage was higher than that in late-seedling stage， and $S K +, N a +$ ， $S M g 2 +, ? N a + ?$ in early-seedling stage were lower than those in late-seedling stage. Salt tolerance mechanisms of ion homeostasis in early-seedling and late-seedling stages of canola were different under combined salt stress. In the early-seedling stage， Na⁺ accumulated mainly in the stem and leaves， which preferentially promoted root growth and development and increased the selective transport of Ca²⁺ from the roots to the stem and leaves to alleviate salinity stress. In the late-seedling stage， salt tolerance was improved by accumulating more Na⁺ in the roots and reducing Na⁺ accumulation in the stem and leaves， and increasing root uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ and the selective transport of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ from the roots to the stem and leaves. Above results provided a theoretical basis for rapeseed planting in saline-alkali land.

Key words: saline-alkali stress, early seedling stage, late seedling stage, ion absorption and transportation, ion homeostasis

中图分类号:

S565.4

孙鲁鹏, 杨洋, 王卫超, 傅廷栋, 周广生, 张凤华. 油菜苗期对盐碱胁迫的离子响应机制[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(5): 46-54.

Lupeng SUN, Yang YANG, Weichao WANG, Tingdong FU, Guangsheng ZHOU, Fenghua ZHANG. Ion Response Mechanism of Canola Seedlings to Saline-alkali Stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(5): 46-54.

图/表 6

表1 供试土壤主要参数

Table 1 Main soil parameters

电导率

Conductivity/（mS·cm^-1）

Na⁺含量 Na⁺ content/（mg·g^-1）

Cl^-含量 Cl^- content/（mg·g^-1）

4 2 -

含量 SO

4 2 -

表1 供试土壤主要参数

Table 1 Main soil parameters

电导率

Conductivity/（mS·cm^-1）

Na⁺含量 Na⁺ content/（mg·g^-1）

Cl^-含量 Cl^- content/（mg·g^-1）

4 2 -

含量 SO

4 2 -

content/（mg·g^-1）

1.70

7.41

0.52

0.28

3.80

表2 复合盐碱盐分种类及含量

Table 2 Salt types and content of combined saline-alkali salt

处理 Treatment	含量Content/（g·kg^-1）
处理 Treatment	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	NaHCO₃	Na₂CO₃
轻度Low	0.76	1.39	0.73	0.12
中度Moderate	1.27	2.32	1.22	0.19
重度High	2.55	4.63	2.44	0.38

表3 复合盐碱胁迫下油菜苗期不同生长阶段的生物量和根冠比

Table 3 Biomass and root/shoot ratio of canola at different seedling stages under combined saline-alkali salt stress

生长阶段 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	干重Dry weight/g		根冠比 Root/shoot
生长阶段 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根 Root	根冠比 Root/shoot
苗前期 Early-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.34±0.05 a	0.02±0.00 a	0.06±0.01 a
	中度Moderate	0.23±0.06 b	0.02±0.01 b	0.07±0.02 a
	重度High	0.08±0.01 c	0.01±0.00 c	0.09±0.02 a
苗后期 Late-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.83±0.01 a	0.14±0.02 a	0.17±0.02 a
	中度Moderate	0.58±0.00 b	0.09±0.01 b	0.15±0.01 a
	重度High	0.16±0.01 c	0.02±0.00 c	0.09±0.02 b

图1 复合盐碱胁迫下油菜苗期不同生长阶段的Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量注：不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Na+，K+，Ca2+，Mg2+ contents of canola seedling in different growth stages under combined saline-alkali stressNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same stage at P<0.05 level.

表4 油菜幼苗不同生长阶段的离子比

Table 4 Ion ratio in canola seedlings at different growth stages under combined saline-alkali stress

生长阶段 Growth stage	器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	Na⁺/K⁺	Na⁺/Ca²⁺	Na⁺/Mg²⁺
苗前期 Early-stage of seedling	茎叶 Stem and leaf	轻度Low	25.70±0.18 aα	1.04±0.03 aβ	0.54±0.03 bα
		中度Moderate	25.39±1.79 aα	0.73±0.08 bβ	0.70±0.25 bβ
		重度High	23.24±0.50 bα	1.08±0.07 aβ	1.90±0.03 aβ
	根 Root	轻度Low	0.22±0.02 cβ	0.30±0.02 cβ	0.25±0.03 cβ
		中度Moderate	0.31±0.02 bβ	0.87±0.01 bβ	0.36±0.02 bβ
		重度High	0.73±0.01 aβ	1.16±0.03 aβ	0.83±0.01 aβ
苗后期 Late-stage of seedling	茎叶 Stem and leaf	轻度Low	24.83±6.48 aα	9.00±0.44 cα	0.30±0.00 bβ
		中度Moderate	17.25±0.87 aβ	14.11±0.29 bα	2.67±0.20 aα
		重度High	25.00±3.94 aα	33.98±3.56 aα	2.89±0.11 aα
	根 Root	轻度Low	1.80±0.08 bα	0.67±0.05 cα	0.42±0.03 cα
		中度Moderate	5.19±0.15 aα	2.66±0.03 aα	16.19±1.08 bα
		重度High	4.87±0.36 aα	2.07±0.02 bα	28.22±0.61 aα

表5 复合盐碱胁迫下油菜苗期不同生长阶段的离子选择性运输系数

Table 5 Ion selective transport coefficient of canola seedling at different growth stages combined saline-alkali stress

生长阶段 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	$S K +, N a +$	$S C a 2 +, N a +$	$S M g 2 +, N a +$
苗前期 Early-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.009±0.001 c	0.288±0.020 b	0.467±0.026 a
	中度Moderate	0.012±0.002 b	1.190±0.117 a	0.547±0.150 a
	重度High	0.031±0.001 a	1.076±0.052 a	0.435±0.009 a
苗后期 Late-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.076±0.021 c	0.074±0.006 b	1.386±0.101 c
	中度Moderate	0.302±0.022 a	0.189±0.005 a	6.080±0.565 b
	重度High	0.198±0.039 b	0.062±0.007 c	9.762±0.225 a

表5 复合盐碱胁迫下油菜苗期不同生长阶段的离子选择性运输系数

Table 5 Ion selective transport coefficient of canola seedling at different growth stages combined saline-alkali stress

生长阶段 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	$S K +, N a +$	$S C a 2 +, N a +$	$S M g 2 +, N a +$
苗前期 Early-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.009±0.001 c	0.288±0.020 b	0.467±0.026 a
	中度Moderate	0.012±0.002 b	1.190±0.117 a	0.547±0.150 a
	重度High	0.031±0.001 a	1.076±0.052 a	0.435±0.009 a
苗后期 Late-stage of seedling	轻度Low	0.076±0.021 c	0.074±0.006 b	1.386±0.101 c
	中度Moderate	0.302±0.022 a	0.189±0.005 a	6.080±0.565 b
	重度High	0.198±0.039 b	0.062±0.007 c	9.762±0.225 a

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