海河平原春季限水灌溉下冬小麦农田水分动态及产量形成特征

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0998

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海河平原冬小麦生产与水资源匮乏的矛盾十分突出，亟需建立限水灌溉制度，实现丰产与水分高效的协调统一。于2018—2020年冬小麦生长季，选取旱地组（石麦22、衡观35和冀麦418）和水地组（石农086、冀麦585和石新828）2种类型小麦品种，设置适期播种和晚播2个播期以及春季2次灌水、不灌水和春3、4、5、6叶龄1次灌水处理。研究不同处理土壤水分动态变化及冬小麦产量形成特征。结果表明：春季限水灌溉下，0—60 cm土层为主要供水层，其含水量（SWC60）变化显著影响小麦产量形成；春4叶龄为冬小麦春季1次灌水的最佳灌溉时期，灌水前干旱程度较轻，灌水后直至乳熟末期SWC60才低于60%，干旱胁迫也相对较轻；春季限水灌溉下，冬小麦产量显著降低，旱地组品种产量降幅低于水地组品种。不同春季叶龄1次灌水处理总体表现为春4叶龄灌水产量降幅最小，平均减产约10%。春季1次灌水晚播处理的产量水平与对应的适期播种处理无显著差异。春4叶龄灌水处理产量和水分利用效率（WUE）显著高于其他春季1次灌水处理，其单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重更为均衡协调，最终在实现7 502.9~8 050.0 kg·hm^?2产量水平的同时，WUE达17.5 ~20.1 kg·hm^?2·mm^?1，较春季2次灌水节水70.1 mm。上述研究结果为构建精量高效的小麦春季限水灌溉制度提供了依据。

关键词: 冬小麦, 限水灌溉, 产量形成, 农田水分动态, 叶龄

Abstract:

Contradiction between winter wheat production and water shortage in Haihe Plain is becoming an increasingly prominent problem. It is urgent to establish water limited irrigation system to achieve the coordination and unity of high yield and water efficiency. 2 types of winter wheat varieties were used， including drought-land group （Shinong 086， Jimai 585 and Shixin 828） and fully-irrigated-land group （Shimai 22， Hengguan 35 and Jimai 418） from 2018 to 2020. 2 sowing dates of suitable sowing and late sowing were employed. Each sowing date was treated with 6 different irrigation periods： control group was irrigated twice in spring， one at the 3-leaf stage and the other at the anthesis stage； no irrigation treatment in spring was as control； four primary irrigation treatments were applied in spring， designating as 3-leaf stage irrigation， 4-leaf stage irrigation， 5-leaf age irrigation， and 6-leaf age irrigation. The dynamics of soil moisture and the yield composition characteristics of winter wheat under different treatments were investigated. The major results were as follows： upon water limited irrigation in spring， 0—60 cm soil layer was the primary water supply layer， and dynamics of soil water content （SWC60） significantly affected the formation of wheat yield. 4-leaf stage was the best irrigation period for primary irrigation of winter wheat in spring， and its degree of drought stress before irrigation was low， and the SWC60 was lower than 60% until the end of milk maturity period after irrigation， and its level of drought stress was also relatively light. Under water limited irrigation in spring， the yield of winter wheat decreased significantly， and the yield decline of dry land group was lower than that of water land group. For the overall performance of single irrigation treatment with different leaf ages in spring， and lowest yield loss was irrigation at 4-leaf age in spring， with an average reduction of about 10%. There was no significant difference between the yield level of primary irrigation treatment in spring and the corresponding suitable sowing treatment. The yield and WUE of 4-leaf stage irrigation treatment in spring were significantly higher than those of other primary irrigation treatments in spring. The spikes， kernel number and 1 000-grain weight were more balanced and coordinated， while achieving the yield level of 7 502.9~8 050.0 kg·hm^?2， WUE reached 17.5~20.1 kg·hm^?2·mm^?1， saving 70.1 mm compared with twice irrigation in spring. This study provided theoretical basis for constructing a precision and efficient water limited irrigation system for wheat in spring.

Key words: winter wheat, water-limited irrigation, yield composition, dynamics of soil water content, leaf stage

中图分类号:

S512

刘雪静, 鲍晓远, 候晓阳, 甄文超. 海河平原春季限水灌溉下冬小麦农田水分动态及产量形成特征[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 167-176.

Xuejing LIU, Xiaoyuan BAO, Xiaoyang HOU, Wenchao ZHEN. Dynamics of Soil Water Content and Yield Formation Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Water Limited Irrigation in Spring in Haihe Plain[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 167-176.

图/表 8

参考文献 27

1	黄峰,杜太生,王素芬,等.华北地区农业水资源现状和未来保障研究[J].中国工程科学, 2019, 21(5): 28-37.
	HUANG F, DU T S, WANG S F, et al.. Current situation and future security of agricultural water resources in North China [J]. Strategic Study CAE, 2019, 21(5): 28-37.
2	MENG Q, SUN Q, CHEN X, et al.. Alternative cropping systems for sustainable water and nitrogen use in the North China Plain [J]. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2012, 146(1): 93-102.
3	ZHANG A, ZHANG D, LI R, et al.. Evaluation of limited irrigation strategies to improve water use efficiency and wheat yield in the North China Plain [J/OL]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(1): e0189989 [2021-11-24]. .
4	袁再健,许元则,谢栌乐.河北平原农田耗水与地下水动态及粮食生产相互关系分析[J].中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(8): 904-910.
	YUAN Z J, XU Y Z, XIE L Y. Correlation among farmland water consumption, grain yield and groundwater dynamics in the Hebei Plain [J]. Chin. J. Eco-Agric., 2014, 22(8): 904-910.
5	BROWN M E, FUNK C C. Climate food security under climate change [J]. Science, 2008, 319(5863): 580-581.
6	WANG X, LI L, DING Y, et al.. Adaptation of winter wheat varieties and irrigation patterns under future climate change conditions in Northern China [J/OL]. Agric. Water Manage., 2021, 243: e106409 [2021-11-25]. .
7	刘涛,周广胜,谭凯炎,等.华北地区冬小麦灌溉制度及其环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2016, 36(19): 59, 79-86.
	LIU T, ZHOU G S, TAN K Y, et al.. Review on research of irrigation regime and its environmental effect in winter wheat field of North China Plain [J]. Acta Ecol. Sin.,2016, 36(19): 59,79-86.
8	张凯,曾昭海,赵杰,等.华北平原压采地下水对小麦生产的影响分析[J].中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(5): 111-117.
	ZHANG K, ZENG Z H, ZHAO J, et al.. Impact analysis of reduce the extraction of groundwater on wheat production in North China Plain [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2016, 18(5): 111-117.
9	WANG Z, WU P, ZHAO X, et al.. Water use and crop coefficient of the wheat-maize strip intercropping system for an arid region in northwestern China [J]. Agric. Water Manage., 2015, 161: 77-85.
10	YU L, ZHAO X, GAO X, et al.. Improving/maintaining water-use efficiency and yield of wheat by deficit irrigation: a global meta-analysis [J/OL]. Agric. Water Manage., 2020, 228: e105906 [2021-11-25]. .
11	康绍忠,杜太生,孙景生,等.基于生命需水信息的作物高效节水调控理论与技术[J].水利学报, 2007 (6):661-667.
	KANG S Z, DU T S, SUN J S, et al.. Theory and technology of crop efficient water saving regulation based on life water demand information [J]. J. Hydraulic Eng., 2007 (6): 661-667.
12	王书吉,康绍忠,李涛.基于节水高产优质目标的冬小麦适宜水分亏缺模式[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(12): 111-118.
	WANG S J, KANG S Z, LI T. Suitable water deficit mode for winter wheat basing objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2015, 31(12): 111-118.
13	周青云,燕琪琦,张宝忠,等.冬小麦不同冠层叶片光合蒸腾和水分利用效率变化特征及对灌溉的响应[J].麦类作物学报, 2021, 41(10): 1247-1255.
	ZHOU Q Y, YAN Q Q, ZHANG B Z, et al.. Variation characteristics of photosynthetic transpiration and water use efficiency of different canopy leaves of winter wheat and their response to irrigation [J]. J. Triticeae Crops, 2021, 41(10):1247-1255.
14	崔亚坤,王妮妮,田中伟,等.分蘖和拔节期干旱对小麦植株氮素积累转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2019, 39(3): 322-328.
	CUI Y K, WANG N N, TIAN Z W, et al.. Effect of srought in tillering and jointing stages on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat plants [J]. J. Triticeae Crops, 2019, 39(3): 322-328.
15	FAN Y, LIU J, ZHAO J, et al.. Effects of delayed irrigation during the jointing stage on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat under different planting patterns [J]. Agric. Water Manage., 2019, 221: 371-376.
16	WU D, FANG S, LI X, et al.. Spatial-temporal variation in irrigation water requirement for the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system since the 1980s on the North China Plain [J]. Agric. Water Manage., 2019, 214: 78-86.
17	江梦圆,薛晓萍,杨再强,等.开花期复水对受旱冬小麦叶片状态和产量结构的补偿效应[J].中国农业气象, 2020, 41(4): 253-262.
	JIANG M Y, XUE X P, YANG Z Q, et al.. Compensation effects of rewatering at flowering stage on leaf state and yield structure of winter wheat under drought [J]. Chin. J. Agrometeorol., 2020, 41(4): 253-262.
18	JOHNSON K M, JORDAN G J, BRODRIBB T J. Wheat leaves embolized by water stress do not recover function upon rewatering [J]. Plant Cell Environ., 2018, 41(11): 2704-2014.
19	曹彩云,党红凯,李科江,等. 冬小麦测墒灌溉技术规程: [S]. 河北省地方标准,2016.
20	何昕楠,林祥,谷淑波,等.微喷补灌对麦田土壤物理性状及冬小麦耗水和产量的影响[J].作物学报, 2019, 45(6): 879-892.
	HE X N, LIN X, GU S B, et al.. Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on soil physical properties, water consumption and grain yield of winter wheat [J]. Acta Agron. Sin., 2019, 45(6): 879-892.
21	LILLEY J M, KIRKEGAARD J A. Benefits of increased soil exploration by wheat roots [J]. Field Crops Res., 2011, 122(2): 118-130.
22	姚宁,宋利兵,刘健,等.不同生长阶段水分胁迫对旱区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(12): 2379-2389.
	YAO N, SONG L B, LIU J, et al.. Effects of water stress at different growth stages on the development and yields of winter aheat in arid region [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2015, 48(12): 2379-2389.
23	冉文星,王冀川,王璞.小麦水分高效利用研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(1): 103-111.
	RAN W X, WANG J C, WANG P. Research progress on high efficient water utilization of wheat [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2016, 18(1): 103-111.
24	刘帅康,林祥,谷淑波,等.拔节后补灌对不同穗型冬小麦耗水和籽粒产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2020, 40(12): 1501-1513.
	LIU S K, LIN X, GU S B, et al.. Effects of supplemental irrigation after jointing on water consumption and grain yield of winter wheat with different spike types [J]. J. Triticeae Crops, 2020, 40(12): 1501-1513.
25	WANG D. Water use efficiency and optimal supplemental irrigation in a high yield wheat field [J]. Field Crops Res., 2017, 213: 213-220.
26	LIU X W, FEIKE T, CHEN S Y, et al.. Effects of saline irrigation on soil salt accumulation and grain yield in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the low plain of North China [J]. J. Integrative Agric., 2016, 15(12): 2886-2898.
27	李萍.返青期和拔节期土壤水分对冬小麦茎蘖成穗和产量的调控及其生理特性[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2020.
	LI P. Effect of siol misture during returning green and jointing stages on spike formation and yield of main stem and tillers in winter wheat and its physiolical character [D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2020.

土层 Soil layer/cm	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/（g·cm^‒3）		田间持水量 Field capacity/%
土层 Soil layer/cm	辛集Xinji	深州Shenzhou	辛集Xinji	深州Shenzhou
0—20	1.44	1.50	35.2	35.5
20—40	1.39	1.34	35.1	34.8
40—60	1.44	1.37	37.6	38.6
60—80	1.42	1.40	37.5	41.8
80—100	1.44	1.39	38.0	39.5
100—120	1.31	1.60	37.9	41.5
120—140	1.39	1.42	38.9	42.3
140—160	1.39	1.34	38.9	37.2
160—180	1.38	1.47	39.2	40.7
180—200	1.38	1.38	39.4	41.6

土层 Soil layer/cm	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/（g·cm^‒3）		田间持水量 Field capacity/%
土层 Soil layer/cm	辛集Xinji	深州Shenzhou	辛集Xinji	深州Shenzhou
0—20	1.44	1.50	35.2	35.5
20—40	1.39	1.34	35.1	34.8
40—60	1.44	1.37	37.6	38.6
60—80	1.42	1.40	37.5	41.8
80—100	1.44	1.39	38.0	39.5
100—120	1.31	1.60	37.9	41.5
120—140	1.39	1.42	38.9	42.3
140—160	1.39	1.34	38.9	37.2
160—180	1.38	1.47	39.2	40.7
180—200	1.38	1.38	39.4	41.6

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^‒2）			水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·hm^‒2·mm^‒1）			处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^‒2）			水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·hm^‒2·mm^‒1）
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	处理 Treatment	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020
衡观35 Hengguan 35	CK_Ⅱ	8 790.6 a	8 808.5 a	8 577.8 a	20.3 a	20.1 a	17.8 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 764.9 a	8 268.1 a	8 401.5 a	20.5 a	19.0 a	17.8 a
	L3	7 207.9 c	7 294.2 c	7 201.3 c	17.7 b	17.9 b	15.9 b	WL3	7 094.9 c	7 088.6 c	7 284.1 b	17.8 b	17.1 b	16.3 b
	L4	8 050.8 b	7 900.2 b	7 877.5 b	20.1 a	19.6 a	18.0 a	WL4	7 946.9 b	7 804.1 b	7 759.4 b	20.5 a	19.2 a	17.9 a
	L5	6 302.9 d	6 109.9 d	6 317.7 d	16.4 c	15.6 c	14.6 c	WL5	6 455.8 d	6 199.8 d	6 034.5 c	16.3 b	16.3 b	14.2 c
	L6	5 323.3 e	5 463.9 e	5 438.8 e	13.9 d	14.2 d	12.5 d	WL6	5 528.1 e	5 052.7 e	5 074.1 d	14.2 c	13.6 c	12.1 d
冀麦418 Jimai 418	CK_Ⅱ	8 886.7 a	8 783.7 a	8 558.0 a	20.5 a	20.0 a	17.7 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 301.2 a	8 362.3 a	8 634.1 a	19.4 a	19.2 a	18.3 a
	L3	6 864.5 c	6 847.6 c	6 525.9 c	16.8 c	16.8 b	14.4 b	WL3	6 720.1 c	6 916.0 c	6 929.5 c	16.9 b	16.7 b	15.5 b
	L4	7 543.4 b	7 836.6 b	7 684.4 b	18.9 b	19.5 a	17.5 a	WL4	7 582.6 b	7 552.0 b	7 785.9 b	19.5 a	18.6 a	18.0 a
	L5	5 917.1 d	6 210.6 d	6 155.4 c	15.4 c	15.9 b	14.2 b	WL5	5 669.1 d	6 053.5 d	5 914.1 d	14.3 c	15.9 c	14.0 c
	L6	5 077.1 e	5 084.0 e	4 898.5 d	13.2 d	13.2 c	11.3 c	WL6	4 859.3 e	4 990.0 e	5 086.8 e	12.4 d	13.4 d	12.1 d
石麦22 Shimai 22	CK_Ⅱ	8 377.4 a	8 476.2 a	8 548.5 a	19.3 a	19.3 a	17.7 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 233.5 a	8 231.6a	8 444.9 a	19.3 a	18.9 a	17.9 a
	L3	6 793.2 c	6 901.5 c	6 923.9 c	16.6 b	16.9 b	15.3 b	WL3	6 715.2 c	6 791.6 c	6 670.2 c	16.9 b	16.4 b	14.9 b
	L4	7 463.1 b	7 502.9 b	7 450.1 b	18.7 a	18.6 a	17.0 a	WL4	7 734.9 b	7 326.7 b	7 548.9 b	19.9 a	18.1 a	17.4 a
	L5	6 070.0 d	6 240.9 d	5 646.4 d	15.8 b	15.9 c	13.0 c	WL5	6 064.5 d	6 116.9 d	5 679.1 d	15.3 c	16.1 b	13.4 c
	L6	5 568.2 e	5 513.7 e	5 297.3 d	14.5 c	14.3 d	12.2 c	WL6	5 573.1 e	5 497.2 e	5 283.7 d	14.3 d	14.8 c	12.6 d
石农086 Shinong 086	CK_Ⅱ	8 497.1 a	8 455.2 a	8 404.1 a	19.6 a	19.3 a	17.4 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 561.6 a	8 107.5 a	8 109.0 a	20.0 a	18.6 a	17.2 a
	L3	6 962.1 b	6 881.6 b	6 991.7 b	17.0 b	16.9 b	15.4 b	WL3	6 838.3 b	6 763.9 b	6 929.2 b	17.2 b	16.3 b	15.5 b
	L4	6 300.7 c	6 143.8 c	6 263.8 c	15.7 bc	15.2 c	14.3 c	WL4	5 906.4 c	5 896.8 c	6 324.1 c	15.2 c	14.5 d	14.6 c
	L5	5 537.2 d	5 697.6 d	5 402.0 d	14.4 c	14.5 cd	12.5 d	WL5	5 681.1 c	5 744.9 c	5 590.7 d	14.3 c	15.1 c	13.2 d
	L6	4 926.5 e	5 221.7 e	4 642.3 e	12.8 d	13.6 d	10.7 e	WL6	4 643.1 d	5 150.1 d	4 792.1 e	11.9 d	13.8 e	11.4 e
冀麦585 Jimai 585	CK_Ⅱ	8 365.9 a	8 473.8 a	8 610.4 a	19.3 a	19.3 a	17.8 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 453.6 a	8 223.2 a	8 202.9 a	19.8 a	18.9 a	17.4 a
	L3	6 229.7 c	6 817.4 b	6 426.4 c	11.9 d	16.7 bc	14.2 b	WL3	6 624.1 c	6 764.3 c	6 885.8 c	16.6 b	16.3 c	15.4 b
	L4	7 622.7 b	7 196.3 b	7 691.6 b	19.1 a	17.9 b	17.5 a	WL4	7 193.9 b	7 121.4 b	7 347.9 b	18.5 a	17.6 b	17.0 a
	L5	5 391.7 d	6 184.3 c	6 149.0 c	16.2 b	15.8 c	14.2 b	WL5	6 525.6 c	5 941.6 d	5 901.9 d	16.5 b	15.6 c	13.9 c
	L6	4 850.8 d	5 509.8 d	5 518.1 d	14.1 c	14.3 d	12.7 c	WL6	5 363.9 d	5 143.1 e	5 057.8 e	13.7 c	13.8 d	12.0 d
石新828 Shinxin 828	CK_Ⅱ	8 328.8 a	8 461.3 a	8 203.0 a	19.2 a	19.3 a	17.0 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 165.1 a	8 097.2 a	8 119.5 a	19.1 a	18.6 a	17.2 a
	L3	6 819.2 b	6 918.2 c	6 762.9 c	16.7 c	16.9 b	14.9 b	WL3	6 713.1 b	6 728.4 b	6 746.3 c	16.9 b	16.2 b	15.1 b
	L4	7 186.4 b	7 386.4 b	7 460.8 b	18.0 b	18.3 ab	17.0 a	WL4	7 171.6 b	7 157.5 b	7 355.1 b	18.5 a	17.6 ab	17.0 a
	L5	5 516.6 c	5 696.7 d	5 623.8 d	14.4 d	14.5 c	13.0 c	WL5	5 467.3 c	5 501.1 c	5 397.2 d	13.8 c	14.5 c	12.7 c
	L6	5 178.5 c	5 045.0 e	4 919.6 e	13.5 d	13.1 c	11.3 d	WL6	5 006.1 c	4 834.0 d	5 096.4 d	12.8 c	13.0 d	12.1 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^‒2）			水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·hm^‒2·mm^‒1）			处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^‒2）			水分利用效率 WUE/（kg·hm^‒2·mm^‒1）
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	处理 Treatment	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020	深州Shenzhou 2019	深州Shenzhou 2020	辛集Xinji 2020
衡观35 Hengguan 35	CK_Ⅱ	8 790.6 a	8 808.5 a	8 577.8 a	20.3 a	20.1 a	17.8 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 764.9 a	8 268.1 a	8 401.5 a	20.5 a	19.0 a	17.8 a
	L3	7 207.9 c	7 294.2 c	7 201.3 c	17.7 b	17.9 b	15.9 b	WL3	7 094.9 c	7 088.6 c	7 284.1 b	17.8 b	17.1 b	16.3 b
	L4	8 050.8 b	7 900.2 b	7 877.5 b	20.1 a	19.6 a	18.0 a	WL4	7 946.9 b	7 804.1 b	7 759.4 b	20.5 a	19.2 a	17.9 a
	L5	6 302.9 d	6 109.9 d	6 317.7 d	16.4 c	15.6 c	14.6 c	WL5	6 455.8 d	6 199.8 d	6 034.5 c	16.3 b	16.3 b	14.2 c
	L6	5 323.3 e	5 463.9 e	5 438.8 e	13.9 d	14.2 d	12.5 d	WL6	5 528.1 e	5 052.7 e	5 074.1 d	14.2 c	13.6 c	12.1 d
冀麦418 Jimai 418	CK_Ⅱ	8 886.7 a	8 783.7 a	8 558.0 a	20.5 a	20.0 a	17.7 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 301.2 a	8 362.3 a	8 634.1 a	19.4 a	19.2 a	18.3 a
	L3	6 864.5 c	6 847.6 c	6 525.9 c	16.8 c	16.8 b	14.4 b	WL3	6 720.1 c	6 916.0 c	6 929.5 c	16.9 b	16.7 b	15.5 b
	L4	7 543.4 b	7 836.6 b	7 684.4 b	18.9 b	19.5 a	17.5 a	WL4	7 582.6 b	7 552.0 b	7 785.9 b	19.5 a	18.6 a	18.0 a
	L5	5 917.1 d	6 210.6 d	6 155.4 c	15.4 c	15.9 b	14.2 b	WL5	5 669.1 d	6 053.5 d	5 914.1 d	14.3 c	15.9 c	14.0 c
	L6	5 077.1 e	5 084.0 e	4 898.5 d	13.2 d	13.2 c	11.3 c	WL6	4 859.3 e	4 990.0 e	5 086.8 e	12.4 d	13.4 d	12.1 d
石麦22 Shimai 22	CK_Ⅱ	8 377.4 a	8 476.2 a	8 548.5 a	19.3 a	19.3 a	17.7 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 233.5 a	8 231.6a	8 444.9 a	19.3 a	18.9 a	17.9 a
	L3	6 793.2 c	6 901.5 c	6 923.9 c	16.6 b	16.9 b	15.3 b	WL3	6 715.2 c	6 791.6 c	6 670.2 c	16.9 b	16.4 b	14.9 b
	L4	7 463.1 b	7 502.9 b	7 450.1 b	18.7 a	18.6 a	17.0 a	WL4	7 734.9 b	7 326.7 b	7 548.9 b	19.9 a	18.1 a	17.4 a
	L5	6 070.0 d	6 240.9 d	5 646.4 d	15.8 b	15.9 c	13.0 c	WL5	6 064.5 d	6 116.9 d	5 679.1 d	15.3 c	16.1 b	13.4 c
	L6	5 568.2 e	5 513.7 e	5 297.3 d	14.5 c	14.3 d	12.2 c	WL6	5 573.1 e	5 497.2 e	5 283.7 d	14.3 d	14.8 c	12.6 d
石农086 Shinong 086	CK_Ⅱ	8 497.1 a	8 455.2 a	8 404.1 a	19.6 a	19.3 a	17.4 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 561.6 a	8 107.5 a	8 109.0 a	20.0 a	18.6 a	17.2 a
	L3	6 962.1 b	6 881.6 b	6 991.7 b	17.0 b	16.9 b	15.4 b	WL3	6 838.3 b	6 763.9 b	6 929.2 b	17.2 b	16.3 b	15.5 b
	L4	6 300.7 c	6 143.8 c	6 263.8 c	15.7 bc	15.2 c	14.3 c	WL4	5 906.4 c	5 896.8 c	6 324.1 c	15.2 c	14.5 d	14.6 c
	L5	5 537.2 d	5 697.6 d	5 402.0 d	14.4 c	14.5 cd	12.5 d	WL5	5 681.1 c	5 744.9 c	5 590.7 d	14.3 c	15.1 c	13.2 d
	L6	4 926.5 e	5 221.7 e	4 642.3 e	12.8 d	13.6 d	10.7 e	WL6	4 643.1 d	5 150.1 d	4 792.1 e	11.9 d	13.8 e	11.4 e
冀麦585 Jimai 585	CK_Ⅱ	8 365.9 a	8 473.8 a	8 610.4 a	19.3 a	19.3 a	17.8 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 453.6 a	8 223.2 a	8 202.9 a	19.8 a	18.9 a	17.4 a
	L3	6 229.7 c	6 817.4 b	6 426.4 c	11.9 d	16.7 bc	14.2 b	WL3	6 624.1 c	6 764.3 c	6 885.8 c	16.6 b	16.3 c	15.4 b
	L4	7 622.7 b	7 196.3 b	7 691.6 b	19.1 a	17.9 b	17.5 a	WL4	7 193.9 b	7 121.4 b	7 347.9 b	18.5 a	17.6 b	17.0 a
	L5	5 391.7 d	6 184.3 c	6 149.0 c	16.2 b	15.8 c	14.2 b	WL5	6 525.6 c	5 941.6 d	5 901.9 d	16.5 b	15.6 c	13.9 c
	L6	4 850.8 d	5 509.8 d	5 518.1 d	14.1 c	14.3 d	12.7 c	WL6	5 363.9 d	5 143.1 e	5 057.8 e	13.7 c	13.8 d	12.0 d
石新828 Shinxin 828	CK_Ⅱ	8 328.8 a	8 461.3 a	8 203.0 a	19.2 a	19.3 a	17.0 a	WCK_Ⅱ	8 165.1 a	8 097.2 a	8 119.5 a	19.1 a	18.6 a	17.2 a
	L3	6 819.2 b	6 918.2 c	6 762.9 c	16.7 c	16.9 b	14.9 b	WL3	6 713.1 b	6 728.4 b	6 746.3 c	16.9 b	16.2 b	15.1 b
	L4	7 186.4 b	7 386.4 b	7 460.8 b	18.0 b	18.3 ab	17.0 a	WL4	7 171.6 b	7 157.5 b	7 355.1 b	18.5 a	17.6 ab	17.0 a
	L5	5 516.6 c	5 696.7 d	5 623.8 d	14.4 d	14.5 c	13.0 c	WL5	5 467.3 c	5 501.1 c	5 397.2 d	13.8 c	14.5 c	12.7 c
	L6	5 178.5 c	5 045.0 e	4 919.6 e	13.5 d	13.1 c	11.3 d	WL6	5 006.1 c	4 834.0 d	5 096.4 d	12.8 c	13.0 d	12.1 c

[1]	王健, 许爱玲, 卫晓东, 席吉龙, 杨娜, 王珂, 席天元, 张建诚. 运城盆地不同播期小麦春季冻害风险评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(1): 137-147.
[2]	郭佳晖, 白雄辉, 王爱东, 李瑞杰, 石晓鑫, 史勇峰, 李爱莲, 王西成, 王宏富, 郭杰. 黄淮北片冬麦区国家区试冬小麦品种抗寒性鉴定与评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(10): 25-34.
[3]	张胜男1,聂兆君1,赵鹏1,李金峰1,李永革2,刘红恩1,秦晓明1,秦世玉1. 磷硫配施对冬小麦硒吸收及转运的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(5): 137-144.
[4]	尹焕丽1，岳艳军2，常凤1，王海标1，苗玉红1，王宜伦1*. 新型尿素对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(5): 145-152.
[5]	李华伟1,陈昱利2,禚其翠1,张宾1*. 施氮对冬小麦生长及产量影响的模拟研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(12): 119-127.
[6]	程婉莹1,王春艳1*,任徳超2,崔三荣1,耿金剑1. 不同穗分化时期冬小麦形态抗冻性评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(7): 83-90.
[7]	李书钦1,2,诸叶平2*,刘海龙2,李世娟2,刘升平2. 冬小麦返青后叶片高度模型构建及三维可视化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(11): 59-67.
[8]	杨敏1,刘峻明1*,王鹏新1,胡新2,黄健熙1,汪念1. 基于MODIS大气廓线产品分析晚霜冻对冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(2): 78-85.
[9]	吴超,崔克辉*. 高温影响水稻产量形成研究进展[J]. , 2014, 16(3): 103-111.
[10]	孙苏阳,王永军,李海军,李丽丽. 高产广适小麦品种淮麦25产量形成分析[J]. , 2014, 16(1): 98-103.
[11]	胡乔玲1,刘峻明1*,王春艳2,王鹏新1,黄健熙1. 冬小麦拔节期遥感监测方法研究[J]. , 2013, 15(6): 152-157.
[12]	秦欣,刘克,周顺利*. 华北地区冬小麦节水栽培氮素吸收利用特征研究[J]. , 2012, 14(5): 96-101.
[13]	司文才,刘峻明. 冬小麦关键物候空间分布遥感监测方法研究[J]. , 2011, 13(6): 82-89.
[14]	李卫国1,李正金1,2,杨澄2. 基于CBERS遥感的冬小麦长势分级监测[J]. , 2010, 12(3): 79-83.
[15]	史占良,郭进考,何明琦,蔡欣,底瑞耀,刘彦军,张士昌. 高产抗倒广适冬小麦新品种石麦18号[J]. , 2009, 11(S2): 102-103.