钾肥对苜蓿低温胁迫下抗氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0058

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 186-195.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0058

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

钾肥对苜蓿低温胁迫下抗氧化酶活性的影响

张庆昕¹(), 张玉霞¹(), 孙明雪¹, 夏全超¹, 王显国², 刘庭玉¹, 杜晓艳¹

^1.内蒙古民族大学农学院, 内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心, 内蒙古通辽 028041
^2.中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2022-01-21 接受日期:2022-05-28 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-09-07
通讯作者: 张玉霞
作者简介:张庆昕 E-mail：314855790@qq.com；
基金资助:
财政部与农业农村部国家牧草产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-34);内蒙古自然科学研究基金项目(2020MS03081);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0109);内蒙古自治区直属高校专项(GXKY22018)

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Alfalfa Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Low Temperature Stress

Qingxin ZHANG¹(), Yuxia ZHANG¹(), Mingxue SUN¹, Quanchao XIA¹, Xianguo WANG², Tingyu LIU¹, Xiaoyan DU¹

^1.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Feedstuff Engineering Technology Research Center，College of Agriculture，Inner Mongolia Minzu University，Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028041，China
^2.College of Grassland Science and Technology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China

Received:2022-01-21 Accepted:2022-05-28 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-09-07
Contact: Yuxia ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨钾肥种类及用量对苜蓿抗寒性的影响，揭示钾肥提高苜蓿抗寒性的抗氧化生理机制，以紫花苜蓿‘北极熊’为材料，采用二因素（钾肥施肥量和种类）随机区组试验设计，分别设置氯化钾、硫酸钾和磷酸二氢钾0、100 、200、300 kg K₂O·hm^-2（纯钾）。越冬前期挖取苜蓿越冬器官模拟低温胁迫处理（4、-10、-20、-30 ℃），测定苜蓿根颈丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性。结果表明，在低温冷冻胁迫处理下，3种钾肥处理的苜蓿材料丙二醛含量均较对照降低，且K₂SO₄处理降低最显著（P<0.05），随着钾肥施用量的增加，丙二醛呈先降低后升高的变化趋势，在200 kg·hm^-2K₂O处理下，苜蓿根颈丙二醛含量与CK差异最显著（P<0.05）；3种钾肥的不同施用量处理的苜蓿材料，在低温胁迫处理下抗氧化酶活性的变化规律与丙二醛相反，K₂SO₄处理的苜蓿材料，在200 kg·hm^-2K₂O施用量下，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性最高且均与CK差异显著（P<0.05），说明该处理的苜蓿抗寒性最强。由此表明施用适宜用量的钾肥有利于提高苜蓿根颈在低温胁迫下的抗氧化特性，降低膜脂过氧化程度，提高苜蓿抗寒性，更有利于苜蓿安全越冬。

关键词: 苜蓿, 抗寒, 抗氧化特性, 钾肥

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of potassium fertilizer types and dosage on the cold resistance of alfalfa， and to reveal the antioxidant physiological mechanism of potassium fertilizer to improve the cold resistance of alfalfa，‘Gibraltar’ alfalfa was as the material， and a two-factor （potassium fertilizer application amount and type） randomized block experiment was designed， which 3 types of potash fertilizers （potassium chloride， potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate ）were used and the applying amounts were set according to 0， 100， 200， 300 kg K₂O·hm^-2. The overwintering organs of alfalfa were excavated to simulate low temperature stress treatment （4， -10， -20 and -30 ℃） in the early stage of overwintering， and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA），superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase（CAT）， peroxidase（POD） activity in the root crown of alfalfa were determined.The results showed that， under the low temperature freezing stress treatment， the MDA contents of alfalfa treated with 3 kinds of potassium fertilizers were lower than that of the control， and the decreased range of K₂SO₄ treatment was the most significantly （P<0.05）. With the increase of potassium fertilizer application， MDA decreased first and then increased. Under the treatment of 200 kg K₂O·hm^-2， the difference between MDA content and CK in root crown of alfalfa was the most significant （P<0.05）.The changes of antioxidant enzyme activities in the alfalfa materials treated with different application rates of the 3 potassium fertilizers were opposite to those of MDA under low temperature stress treatment. The activity of SOD， POD and CAT were the highest and both had the most significant difference with CK （P<0.05）.It showed that the alfalfa treated with K₂SO₄ in autumn and the application rate of 200 kg K₂O·hm^-2 had the strongest cold resistance. The results showed that potassium fertilizer with appropriate dosage could improve the antioxidant properties of alfalfa root and neck under low temperature stress， reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation， improve the cold resistance of alfalfa， and be more conducive to the safe overwintering of alfalfa.

Key words: alfalfa, cold resistance, antioxidant properties, potassium fertilizer

中图分类号:

S963.22+3.3

张庆昕, 张玉霞, 孙明雪, 夏全超, 王显国, 刘庭玉, 杜晓艳. 钾肥对苜蓿低温胁迫下抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 186-195.

Qingxin ZHANG, Yuxia ZHANG, Mingxue SUN, Quanchao XIA, Xianguo WANG, Tingyu LIU, Xiaoyan DU. Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Alfalfa Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Low Temperature Stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 186-195.

图/表 5

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处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	0.59±0.05 aα	0.59±0.05 aα	0.59±0.05 aα
	K₁	0.51±0.04 bα	0.50±0.03 bcα	0.54±0.06 aα
	K₂	0.59±0.05 aα	0.48±0.04 cβ	0.54±0.02 aαβ
	K₃	0.57±0.01 abα	0.56±0.04 abα	0.61±0.04 aα
-10	CK	1.04±0.10 aα	1.04±0.10 aα	1.04±0.10 aα
	K₁	0.80±0.07 bβ	0.59±0.01 ccγ	0.97±0.09 aα
	K₂	0.78±0.05 bα	0.64±0.06 cβ	0.68±0.04 bαβ
	K₃	1.04±0.03 aα	0.90±0.09 bβ	1.02±0.06 aα
-20	CK	1.84±0.09 aα	1.84±0.09 aα	1.84±0.09 aα
	K₁	1.47±0.05 cα	1.14±0.05 cβ	1.39±0.06 cα
	K₂	1.65±0.06 bα	1.07±0.10 cγ	1.31±0.04 cβ
	K₃	1.76±0.04 aα	1.31±0.04 bγ	1.65±0.09 bβ
-30	CK	2.88±0.09 aα	2.88±0.09 aα	2.88±0.09 aα
	K₁	2.39±0.07 dα	2.10±0.12 bβ	1.76±0.06 cγ
	K₂	2.57±0.08 cα	1.60±0.06 dγ	1.75±0.03 cβ
	K₃	2.72±0.06 bα	1.73±0.05 cγ	2.13±0.06 bβ

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	0.59±0.05 aα	0.59±0.05 aα	0.59±0.05 aα
	K₁	0.51±0.04 bα	0.50±0.03 bcα	0.54±0.06 aα
	K₂	0.59±0.05 aα	0.48±0.04 cβ	0.54±0.02 aαβ
	K₃	0.57±0.01 abα	0.56±0.04 abα	0.61±0.04 aα
-10	CK	1.04±0.10 aα	1.04±0.10 aα	1.04±0.10 aα
	K₁	0.80±0.07 bβ	0.59±0.01 ccγ	0.97±0.09 aα
	K₂	0.78±0.05 bα	0.64±0.06 cβ	0.68±0.04 bαβ
	K₃	1.04±0.03 aα	0.90±0.09 bβ	1.02±0.06 aα
-20	CK	1.84±0.09 aα	1.84±0.09 aα	1.84±0.09 aα
	K₁	1.47±0.05 cα	1.14±0.05 cβ	1.39±0.06 cα
	K₂	1.65±0.06 bα	1.07±0.10 cγ	1.31±0.04 cβ
	K₃	1.76±0.04 aα	1.31±0.04 bγ	1.65±0.09 bβ
-30	CK	2.88±0.09 aα	2.88±0.09 aα	2.88±0.09 aα
	K₁	2.39±0.07 dα	2.10±0.12 bβ	1.76±0.06 cγ
	K₂	2.57±0.08 cα	1.60±0.06 dγ	1.75±0.03 cβ
	K₃	2.72±0.06 bα	1.73±0.05 cγ	2.13±0.06 bβ

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	133.08±3.62 cα	133.08±3.62 cα	133.08±3.62 bα
	K₁	164.35±8.44 aα	168.44±6.71 bα	168.67±6.47 aα
	K₂	152.10±4.52 bβ	181.07±2.23 aα	171.56±2.88 aα
	K₃	143.12±9.10 bβ	166.02±8.60 bα	165.54±4.24 aα
-10	CK	166.04±8.53 cα	166.04±8.53 cα	166.04±8.53 cα
	K₁	201.81±6.31 aαβ	204.96±7.20 abα	190.36±5.35 bβ
	K₂	188.71±9.05 bβ	215.89±6.82 aα	206.35±8.35 aα
	K₃	171.75±7.25 cβ	192.56±5.39 bα	186.86±7.35 bcα
-20	CK	172.28±8.75 cα	172.28±8.75 dα	172.28±8.75 cα
	K₁	224.18±5.44 aβ	242.24±7.27 cα	218.99±4.55 bβ
	K₂	208.27±4.66 bγ	281.46±7.39 aα	234.51±7.25 aβ
	K₃	200.08±6.78 bγ	264.13±8.31 bα	222.52±5.79 bβ
-30	CK	132.72±5.43 cα	132.72±5.43 cα	132.72±5.43 cα
	K₁	179.17±5.72 aα	190.48±5.59 bα	182.19±5.62 bα
	K₂	164.34±8.24 bβ	201.82±5.61 aα	196.02±4.66 aα
	K₃	140.35±10.41 cβ	187.59±2.83 bα	182.76±8.63 bα

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	133.08±3.62 cα	133.08±3.62 cα	133.08±3.62 bα
	K₁	164.35±8.44 aα	168.44±6.71 bα	168.67±6.47 aα
	K₂	152.10±4.52 bβ	181.07±2.23 aα	171.56±2.88 aα
	K₃	143.12±9.10 bβ	166.02±8.60 bα	165.54±4.24 aα
-10	CK	166.04±8.53 cα	166.04±8.53 cα	166.04±8.53 cα
	K₁	201.81±6.31 aαβ	204.96±7.20 abα	190.36±5.35 bβ
	K₂	188.71±9.05 bβ	215.89±6.82 aα	206.35±8.35 aα
	K₃	171.75±7.25 cβ	192.56±5.39 bα	186.86±7.35 bcα
-20	CK	172.28±8.75 cα	172.28±8.75 dα	172.28±8.75 cα
	K₁	224.18±5.44 aβ	242.24±7.27 cα	218.99±4.55 bβ
	K₂	208.27±4.66 bγ	281.46±7.39 aα	234.51±7.25 aβ
	K₃	200.08±6.78 bγ	264.13±8.31 bα	222.52±5.79 bβ
-30	CK	132.72±5.43 cα	132.72±5.43 cα	132.72±5.43 cα
	K₁	179.17±5.72 aα	190.48±5.59 bα	182.19±5.62 bα
	K₂	164.34±8.24 bβ	201.82±5.61 aα	196.02±4.66 aα
	K₃	140.35±10.41 cβ	187.59±2.83 bα	182.76±8.63 bα

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	46.42±4.87 bα	46.42±4.87 dα	46.42±4.87 dα
	K₁	58.33±2.25 aβ	65.67±6.87 cα	55.00±1.91 cβ
	K₂	57.58±1.66 aγ	75.83±2.80 aα	67.83±4.48 aβ
	K₃	54.17±2.81 aγ	70.83±2.02 bα	62.42±3.52 bβ
-10	CK	68.43±1.73 aα	68.43±1.73 dα	68.43±1.73 bα
	K₁	71.50±1.34 abβ	78.01±3.65 cα	75.17±0.29 aα
	K₂	73.08±0.68 aγ	94.00±2.62 aα	78.83±3.44 aβ
	K₃	72.67±0.71 aβ	89.67±3.48 bα	78.42±0.43 aα
-20	CK	75.17±3.03 cα	75.17±3.03 cα	75.17±3.03 bα
	K₁	98.67±11.58 aα	107.33±7.35 bα	100.83±3.21 aα
	K₂	89.50±3.21 bγ	132.17±3.66 aα	108.67±7.50 aβ
	K₃	79.67±2.13 cβ	110.33±3.07 bα	107.33±3.50 aα
-30	CK	63.00±3.17 bα	63.00±3.17 cα	63.00±3.17 abα
	K₁	73.83±4.48 aβ	83.50±5.51 abα	65.17±2.76 abγ
	K₂	62.67±2.87 bγ	87.00±7.64 aα	69.67±4.48 aβ
	K₃	53.00±3.45 cγ	78.17±4.28 bα	61.33±2.54 bβ

钾肥对苜蓿低温胁迫下抗氧化酶活性的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Alfalfa Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Low Temperature Stress

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Metrics

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount	钾肥种类 Type of potash fertilizer
处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount	KCl	K₂SO₄	KH₂PO₄
4	CK	272.13±14.85 cα	272.13±14.85 dα	272.13±14.85 cα
	K₁	336.83±10.85 aβ	365.40±11.24 cα	385.30±8.93 abα
	K₂	344.80±8.34 aγ	431.57±18.28 aα	396.93±6.08 aβ
	K₃	312.07±7.76 bβ	390.87±10.00 bα	373.93±11.25 bα
-10	CK	465.60±10.84 bα	430.60±16.39 cα	430.60±16.39 cα
	K₁	585.40±12.54 aβ	622.52±10.14 bα	614.80±15.60 aα
	K₂	593.00±20.52 aγ	685.10±25.75 aα	639.31±10.33 aβ
	K₃	461.80±10.79 bγ	678.93±31.08 aα	540.70±9.34 bβ
-20	CK	534.80±15.95 bα	534.80±15.95 cα	534.80±15.95 cα
	K₁	620.11±20.69 aβ	754.90±17.99 aα	621.40±9.97 bβ
	K₂	635.80±31.13 aβ	770.80±7.91 aα	659.71±11.98 aβ
	K₃	535.51±19.68 bγ	709.31±10.11 bα	640.90±6.01 abβ
-30	CK	435.60±17.29 aα	435.60±17.29 cα	435.60±17.29 bα
	K₁	457.32±8.07 aα	476.51±4.19 bα	394.81±21.72 cβ
	K₂	452.50±18.64 aγ	507.00±14.72 aα	479.40±10.61 aβ
	K₃	395.21±17.81 bγ	504.83±14.34 aα	462.90±14.73 aβ

处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	生理指标 Physiological indicator	丙二醛 Malondialdehyde	过氧化氢酶Catalase	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase
4	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	-0.59^*
	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	-0.55	0.93^**
	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	-0.67^*	0.90^**	0.97^**
-10	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	-0.54
	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	-0.78^**	0.82^**
	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	-0.89^**	0.72^**	0.91^**
-20	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	-0.91^**
	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	-0.94^**	0.92^**
	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	-0.93^**	0.96^**	0.93^**
-30	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	-0.65^*
	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	-0.57^*	0.81^**
	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	-0.94^**	0.72^**	0.65^*

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