中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 109-124.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0355

• 动植物健康 • 上一篇    

甘肃省冬小麦抗条锈病育种现状及对策

曹世勤1,2,3(), 王万军4(), 贾秋珍2,3,5(), 鲁清林1, 张耀辉4, 张勃2,3,5, 孙振宇2,3,5, 白斌1, 黄瑾2,3,5, 王宏康6   

  1. 1.甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,兰州 730070
    2.农业农村部天水作物有害生物野外科学观测实验站,甘肃 甘谷 741200
    3.农业农村部国家植物保护甘谷观测实验站,甘肃 甘谷 741200
    4.天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃 天水 741200
    5.甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州 730070
    6.甘肃省种子总站,兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27 接受日期:2022-07-07 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 贾秋珍
  • 作者简介:曹世勤 E-mail:caoshiqin6702@163.com
    王万军 E-mail:843223350@qq.com第一联系人:曹世勤与王万军为共同第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1401001-08);甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2022GAAS006);国家自然科学基金项目(31860484);金城科普专家项目

Current Status and Strategies of Winter Wheat Breeding with Reristance to Stripe Rust in Gansu Province

Shiqin CAO1,2,3(), Wanjun WANG4(), Qiuzhen JIA2,3,5(), Qinglin LU1, Yaohui ZHANG4, Bo ZHANG2,3,5, Zhenyu SUN2,3,5, Bin BAI1, Jin HUANG2,3,5   

  1. 1.Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gansu Gangu 741200,China
    3.National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gansu Gangu 741200,China
    4.Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Gangu Tianshui 741200,China
    5.Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
    6.Seed Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2022-04-27 Accepted:2022-07-07 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Qiuzhen JIA

摘要:

条锈病是我国小麦生产上的主要病害之一,甘肃省特别是陇南越夏区危害严重,培育和种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效且环境友好的措施。自20世纪50年代以来,先后育成333个抗条锈冬小麦新品种,在甘肃陇南小麦条锈病的持续控制中发挥了重要作用。陇南越夏区条锈菌毒性变异速度快,抗源材料及生产品种抗性保持时间短,病菌新小种出现与品种抗条锈病性丧失周而复始。介绍了甘肃陇南越夏区在中国小麦条锈病流行中的作用,回顾了主要抗源材料及生产品种抗条锈病性变异特点,总结了抗源利用及品种应用的经验教训,提出了当前存在的问题及今后抗病品种(基因)的利用方向和现有品种的布局建议,旨在为持续控制该区域小麦条锈病发生流行提供技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦条锈病, 抗病育种, 现状与对策, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. triticiPst), is one of the most foliar diseases on wheat in Gansu Province of China. Breeding and planting resistant varieties is one of the most economical, environmental friendly, and effective method to control wheat stripe rust in the field. The wheat breeders and plant pathologist are cooperated closely for controlling stripe rust, and a total of 333 winter wheat varieties with resistance to stripe rust have been bred and planted in Southern Gansu Province since 1950’s, which made an important progress in China. The frequent variance of the races/isolates of Pst virulent, the period of varieties and germplasms with resistance for stripe rust were shorter than other regions are main characters in over-summering zone of Southern Gansu Province. The emergency of new races/isolates of Pst, epidemics of the disease, and the lost of resistance to stripe rust in wheat varieties, which happened circlely in southern Gansu province. This paper introduced the role of the over-summer region in epidemics system of stripe rust in China, and analyzed the variation characters of resistant wheat varieties and germplasms, and summarized the experiences and lessons in wheat breeding, respectively. Finally, the questions of winter wheat breeding were proposed at present time, and the strategies in wheat breeding and controlling of stripe rust were also discussed, which provided the support in sustainable controlling the stripe rust in this region.

Key words: wheat stripe rust, resistance breeding, current situation and strategy, Gansu Province

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