核桃叶片挥发性成分提取及其驱蚊活性的研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0448

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选具有较强持效性和驱蚊效果的核桃叶片提取物，利用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取‘温185’‘山核桃’‘美国东部黑核桃’和‘实生核桃’叶片挥发油，以核桃叶片挥发油提取率为指标，在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验，得出核桃叶片挥发油的最佳提取条件，并结合驱蚊试验，以驱蚊率为指标，筛选4种核桃叶片提取物的最佳驱蚊含量水平。结果表明，超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油的最佳提取条件为提取时间8 h，超声时间10 min，固液比1∶10 （g·mL^-1）；在此条件下，核桃叶片挥发油的提取率为0.475%。以无水乙醇为溶剂将4种核桃叶片挥发油提取物溶液稀释为10%、20%、30%、40%并测定其溶液的驱蚊率，‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油提取溶液在30%含量水平下驱蚊时间可达20 min，此时驱蚊率为85.18%，驱蚊效果最佳。‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油提取物溶液具有良好的驱蚊效果，具有开发为植物源驱避剂的潜力，可进一步推广应用。

关键词: 核桃叶片, 最佳提取条件, 活性成分, 驱蚊效果

Abstract:

In order to screen walnut leaf extracts with strong potency and mosquito repellent effects， ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation was applied to extract ‘J. regia Wen185’ ‘C. cathayensis’ ‘J. nigra’ and ‘J. regia Shisheng’ leaf volatile oil. With the extraction rate of volatile oil from walnut leaves as the index，orthogonal experiments were conducted on the basis of single-factor experiments to derive the best extraction conditions of volatile oil from walnut leaves， and combined with the mosquito repellent test， the best repellent content of 4 walnut leaf extracts were screened with the repellent rate as the index. It was shown that the best extraction conditions for the extraction of volatile oil from ‘J. nigra’ leaves by ultrasound-assisted water distillation were 8 h， 10 min of ultrasound time， and 1∶10 （g·mL^-1） solid-liquid ratio. Under these conditions， the extraction rate of volatile oil of walnut leaves was 0.475%. Using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent， the mosquito repellent rate of the solutions of four kinds of walnut leaf volatile oil extract solutions were measured under dilution of 10%， 20%， 30% and 40%. The mosquito repellent effect time of ‘J. nigra’ leaf volatile oil extract solution could reach 20 min at 30% content， and when the repellent rate was 85.18%， the repellent effect was the best. Vaporized oil extract solution of ‘J. nigra’ leaves had good mosquito repellent effect and had the potential to be developed as a plant-derived repellent， which was worthy of further promotion and application.

Key words: walnut leaves, optimal extraction conditions, active ingredients, repellent effect on mosquito

中图分类号:

S664.1

王茹, 杨梦思, 张萍, 孙雅丽, 虎海防. 核桃叶片挥发性成分提取及其驱蚊活性的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(3): 223-233.

Ru WANG, Mengsi YANG, Ping ZHANG, Yali SUN, Haifang HU. Study on the Extraction of Active Ingredients from Walnut Leaves and Their Mosquito Repellent Activities[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 223-233.

图/表 10

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试验号 Test number	因素Factor			试验结果 Test result
试验号 Test number	A：超声时间 Ultrasound time	B：提取时间 Extraction time	C：固液比 Solid-liquid ratio	试验结果 Test result
1	1	1	1	0.713
2	1	2	2	0.652
3	1	3	3	0.549
4	2	1	2	0.791
5	2	2	3	0.693
6	2	3	1	0.625
7	3	1	3	0.741
8	3	2	1	0.684
9	3	3	2	0.630
S1	1.894	1.989	2.022
S2	2.089	2.245	2.053
S3	2.055	1.804	1.963
K1	0.631	0.663	0.674
K2	0.696	0.748	0.684
K3	0.685	0.601	0.654
极差Range	0.061	0.062	0.030

试验号 Test number	因素Factor			试验结果 Test result
试验号 Test number	A：超声时间 Ultrasound time	B：提取时间 Extraction time	C：固液比 Solid-liquid ratio	试验结果 Test result
1	1	1	1	0.713
2	1	2	2	0.652
3	1	3	3	0.549
4	2	1	2	0.791
5	2	2	3	0.693
6	2	3	1	0.625
7	3	1	3	0.741
8	3	2	1	0.684
9	3	3	2	0.630
S1	1.894	1.989	2.022
S2	2.089	2.245	2.053
S3	2.055	1.804	1.963
K1	0.631	0.663	0.674
K2	0.696	0.748	0.684
K3	0.685	0.601	0.654
极差Range	0.061	0.062	0.030

含量水平 Content level/%	试验时间 Proving time/min	品种Variety
含量水平 Content level/%	试验时间 Proving time/min	温185 J. regia Wenl85	美国东部黑核桃 J. nigra	山核桃 C. cathayensis	实生核桃 J. regia Shisheng
10	5	38.07±2.82 cd	40.62±2.46 c	27.66±1.99 e	28.29±8.11 c
	10	42.37±2.45 c	50.45±2.52 b	36.18±0.35 d	45.18±6.17 ab
	15	64.30±2.19 b	58.04±1.06 a	47.76±0.83 b	47.58±3.30 a
	20	55.74±2.15 a	56.47±5.41 a	50.68±0.60 a	51.31±3.44 a
	45	41.81±3.42 cd	42.59±1.14 c	43.70±1.47 c	35.21±6.58 bc
	60	37.03±1.67 d	37.72±1.72 c	34.24±1.94 d	29.23±7.65 d
20	5	30.10±2.35 e	44.07±0.26 e	27.55±1.22 e	30.63±5.47 c
	10	49.77±2.75 c	49.65±1.60 cd	44.67±2.55 c	36.07±9.53 bc
	15	64.97±2.56 b	62.50±2.29 b	63.54±2.18 b	46.40±4.35 ab
	20	72.44±2.85 a	76.01±1.57 a	68.82±0.73 a	56.99±6.16 a
	45	55.10±2.83 c	52.28±2.03 c	34.20±1.31 d	35.96±6.71 bc
	60	44.92±2.93 d	46.39±3.04 de	27.04±2.37 e	29.81±8.77 c
30	5	31.37±1.51 f	52.31±1.18 cd	29.87±0.39 c	28.72±1.14 cd
	10	72.26±1.33 c	70.85±2.77 b	42.55±1.55 b	42.80±2.72 b
	15	77.46±1.64 b	79.64±0.77 a	61.72±4.36 a	57.45±3.14 a
	20	84.11±2.25 a	85.18±3.57 a	57.40±2.77 a	55.19±2.80 a
	45	49.28±1.49 d	56.54±2.18 c	40.23±1.38 b	34.68±5.21 bc
	60	42.65±4.46 e	48.09±1.49 d	32.49±2.91 c	24.98±2.95 d
40	5	50.77±2.37 d	68.69±1.28 c	30.45±2.75 b	33.39±6.11 b
	10	73.79±1.34 b	53.15±1.56 d	42.03±9.07 b	41.52±7.23 b
	15	84.00±2.14 a	72.21±1.39 b	66.81±9.00 a	55.05±5.29 a
	20	84.96±4.91 a	79.85±1.34 a	69.81±4.24 a	63.40±7.84 a
	45	56.61±2.53 c	54.62±1.55 d	39.50±4.31 b	35.23±8.36 b
	60	45.72±2.24 d	45.77±2.35 e	31.76±6.67 b	28.68±1.49 b

含量水平 Content level/%	试验时间 Proving time/min	品种Variety
含量水平 Content level/%	试验时间 Proving time/min	温185 J. regia Wenl85	美国东部黑核桃 J. nigra	山核桃 C. cathayensis	实生核桃 J. regia Shisheng
10	5	38.07±2.82 cd	40.62±2.46 c	27.66±1.99 e	28.29±8.11 c
	10	42.37±2.45 c	50.45±2.52 b	36.18±0.35 d	45.18±6.17 ab
	15	64.30±2.19 b	58.04±1.06 a	47.76±0.83 b	47.58±3.30 a
	20	55.74±2.15 a	56.47±5.41 a	50.68±0.60 a	51.31±3.44 a
	45	41.81±3.42 cd	42.59±1.14 c	43.70±1.47 c	35.21±6.58 bc
	60	37.03±1.67 d	37.72±1.72 c	34.24±1.94 d	29.23±7.65 d
20	5	30.10±2.35 e	44.07±0.26 e	27.55±1.22 e	30.63±5.47 c
	10	49.77±2.75 c	49.65±1.60 cd	44.67±2.55 c	36.07±9.53 bc
	15	64.97±2.56 b	62.50±2.29 b	63.54±2.18 b	46.40±4.35 ab
	20	72.44±2.85 a	76.01±1.57 a	68.82±0.73 a	56.99±6.16 a
	45	55.10±2.83 c	52.28±2.03 c	34.20±1.31 d	35.96±6.71 bc
	60	44.92±2.93 d	46.39±3.04 de	27.04±2.37 e	29.81±8.77 c
30	5	31.37±1.51 f	52.31±1.18 cd	29.87±0.39 c	28.72±1.14 cd
	10	72.26±1.33 c	70.85±2.77 b	42.55±1.55 b	42.80±2.72 b
	15	77.46±1.64 b	79.64±0.77 a	61.72±4.36 a	57.45±3.14 a
	20	84.11±2.25 a	85.18±3.57 a	57.40±2.77 a	55.19±2.80 a
	45	49.28±1.49 d	56.54±2.18 c	40.23±1.38 b	34.68±5.21 bc
	60	42.65±4.46 e	48.09±1.49 d	32.49±2.91 c	24.98±2.95 d
40	5	50.77±2.37 d	68.69±1.28 c	30.45±2.75 b	33.39±6.11 b
	10	73.79±1.34 b	53.15±1.56 d	42.03±9.07 b	41.52±7.23 b
	15	84.00±2.14 a	72.21±1.39 b	66.81±9.00 a	55.05±5.29 a
	20	84.96±4.91 a	79.85±1.34 a	69.81±4.24 a	63.40±7.84 a
	45	56.61±2.53 c	54.62±1.55 d	39.50±4.31 b	35.23±8.36 b
	60	45.72±2.24 d	45.77±2.35 e	31.76±6.67 b	28.68±1.49 b

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