鲤疱疹病毒二型（CyHV-Ⅱ）疫苗研究进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0775

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ，CyHV-Ⅱ）对任何发育时期的金鱼、鲫鱼及其杂交品种均具有感染能力，能够引起金鱼疱疹病（goldfish haematopoietic necrosis， GFHN），是一种传染性强且死亡率极高的疫病，给我国金鱼和鲫鱼养殖业造成巨大经济损失，鱼用疫苗的研发是预防和治疗该疫病最有效的办法。综述了CyHV-Ⅱ灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体疫苗和纳米递送疫苗的研究进展，并对鱼用疫苗纳米材料的应用前景进行了探讨，以期为金鱼疱疹病害防治和鱼用疫苗研究提供新技术方法和新思路策略。

关键词: 鲤疱疹病毒二型（CyHV-Ⅱ）, 免疫途径, 纳米材料, 疫苗类型

Abstract:

Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） is the cause of （goldfish haematopoietic necrosis， GFHN），which can infect goldfish， Crucian carp and their hybrid at any developmental stage. It is a highly contagious disease with high mortality rate， which has caused huge economic losses to goldfish and Crucian carp aquaculture in China. The research and development of fish vaccine is the most effective way to prevent and treat the disease. The research and development progress of inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ vaccine， subunit vaccine， nucleic acid vaccine， live vector vaccine and Nano-delivered vaccines were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore， the application prospect of fish vaccine nano materials was discussed， which would provide new technical methods and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of goldfish herpes disease and fish vaccine research.

Key words: Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ）, immunization route, nano materials, vaccine type

中图分类号:

S943

吴琳娇, 孙丽芳, 朱春华, 张红, 董盼盼, 陈磊清, 吴允昆. 鲤疱疹病毒二型（CyHV-Ⅱ）疫苗研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 137-144.

Linjiao WU, Lifang SUN, Chunhua ZHU, Hong ZHANG, Panpan DONG, Leiqing CHEN, Yunkun WU. Research Progress of Cyprinid Herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） Vaccine[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 137-144.

图/表 2

参考文献 61

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疫苗类型Vaccine type	抗原成分 Antigenic component	免疫方式 Immune way	优点 Advantage	缺点 Disadvantage	研发进展 Research progress	参考文献 Reference
灭活疫苗Inactivated vaccine	β-丙内酯灭活CyHV-Ⅱβ-propiolactone inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ	腹腔注射Intraperitoneal injection	免疫原性强，安全性高，制备方式简单，易储运 Strong immunogenicity， high safety， simple preparation and easy storage and transportation	免疫效果不稳定，需加强接种 Immune effect is not stable， need to strengthen vaccination	实验室阶段 Laboratory stage	［16］
灭活疫苗Inactivated vaccine	福尔马林灭活CyHV-ⅡFormalin inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ	注射 Injection			实验室阶段 Laboratory stage	［41］
候选亚单位疫苗 Candidate subunit vaccine	膜蛋白pORF25 Membrane protein pORF25	注射 Injection	成分清楚，副作用弱，安全、高效、可规模化生产Clear composition， weak side effects， safe， efficient， scale production	表达纯化过程复杂，需要成熟工艺 Complex expression purification process requires a mature process	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［41］
	衣壳蛋白pORF92 Capsid protein pORF92	注射 Injection				［43］
	衣壳蛋白pORF72 Capsid protein pORF72	注射Injection				［47］
	截断膜蛋白pORF25D、pORF25C Truncated membrane protein pORF25D and pORF25C	腹腔注射Intraperitoneal injection				［48］
核酸疫苗Nucleic acid vaccine	膜蛋白基因ORF25 Membrane gene ORF25	注射Injection	免疫原性强；易大量表达，稳定性好且易生产 Strong immunogenicity； easy to express in large quantities， good stability and easy to produce	技术不成熟，免疫反应过强 Immature technology， too strong immune response	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［51］
活载体疫苗Living-vector vaccine	膜蛋白基因串联序列Tandem sequences	浸泡immersion	稳定的抗原蛋白分泌作用 Stable antigenic protein secretion	常难保存，易失活，易出现不良反应，安全性不高 Difficult to save， easy inactivation， prone to adverse reactions， safety is not high	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［53］
纳米递送疫苗 Nano-delivered vaccine	CyHV-Ⅱ核酸亚单位 CyHV-Ⅱ subunit of nucleic acid	注射Injection	稳定性强，抗原利用率提高，强化免疫刺激 Strong stability， improved antigen utilization， enhanced immune stimulation	纳米材料与机体相互作用机制不清晰 The interaction mechanism between nanomaterials and the body is not clear	申报专利 Patent filing	［55］

疫苗类型Vaccine type	抗原成分 Antigenic component	免疫方式 Immune way	优点 Advantage	缺点 Disadvantage	研发进展 Research progress	参考文献 Reference
灭活疫苗Inactivated vaccine	β-丙内酯灭活CyHV-Ⅱβ-propiolactone inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ	腹腔注射Intraperitoneal injection	免疫原性强，安全性高，制备方式简单，易储运 Strong immunogenicity， high safety， simple preparation and easy storage and transportation	免疫效果不稳定，需加强接种 Immune effect is not stable， need to strengthen vaccination	实验室阶段 Laboratory stage	［16］
灭活疫苗Inactivated vaccine	福尔马林灭活CyHV-ⅡFormalin inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ	注射 Injection			实验室阶段 Laboratory stage	［41］
候选亚单位疫苗 Candidate subunit vaccine	膜蛋白pORF25 Membrane protein pORF25	注射 Injection	成分清楚，副作用弱，安全、高效、可规模化生产Clear composition， weak side effects， safe， efficient， scale production	表达纯化过程复杂，需要成熟工艺 Complex expression purification process requires a mature process	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［41］
	衣壳蛋白pORF92 Capsid protein pORF92	注射 Injection				［43］
	衣壳蛋白pORF72 Capsid protein pORF72	注射Injection				［47］
	截断膜蛋白pORF25D、pORF25C Truncated membrane protein pORF25D and pORF25C	腹腔注射Intraperitoneal injection				［48］
核酸疫苗Nucleic acid vaccine	膜蛋白基因ORF25 Membrane gene ORF25	注射Injection	免疫原性强；易大量表达，稳定性好且易生产 Strong immunogenicity； easy to express in large quantities， good stability and easy to produce	技术不成熟，免疫反应过强 Immature technology， too strong immune response	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［51］
活载体疫苗Living-vector vaccine	膜蛋白基因串联序列Tandem sequences	浸泡immersion	稳定的抗原蛋白分泌作用 Stable antigenic protein secretion	常难保存，易失活，易出现不良反应，安全性不高 Difficult to save， easy inactivation， prone to adverse reactions， safety is not high	实验室研发 Laboratory stage	［53］
纳米递送疫苗 Nano-delivered vaccine	CyHV-Ⅱ核酸亚单位 CyHV-Ⅱ subunit of nucleic acid	注射Injection	稳定性强，抗原利用率提高，强化免疫刺激 Strong stability， improved antigen utilization， enhanced immune stimulation	纳米材料与机体相互作用机制不清晰 The interaction mechanism between nanomaterials and the body is not clear	申报专利 Patent filing	［55］

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