中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1-12.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0841
• 农业创新论坛 •
收稿日期:
2022-09-16
接受日期:
2022-10-18
出版日期:
2022-11-15
发布日期:
2022-11-29
通讯作者:
王秀东
作者简介:
向华 E-mail:xiangh1203@cueb.edu.cn基金资助:
Hua XIANG1,2(), Yan YAN1(
), Xiudong WANG1(
)
Received:
2022-09-16
Accepted:
2022-10-18
Online:
2022-11-15
Published:
2022-11-29
Contact:
Xiudong WANG
摘要:
特色热带作物在促进我国乡村振兴和服务“一带一路”倡议中起着重要作用。以我国特色热带作物产业为研究对象,基于实地调研微观数据和FAO宏观统计数据,对中国特色热带作物生产情况及技术集成内涵进行了解释说明。运用PSM-DID方法检验了中国特色热带作物产业发展过程中农户参与“产业链一体化发展技术项目”对降低生产成本的边际效应。研究发现,参与“木薯产业链一体化发展技术项目”能显著降低化肥成本24.0%,显著降低约19.0%的人工成本和9.1%的农药投入成本。提出了构建人工微生物群落土壤质量监测系统、加强土壤健康状况调控技术的创新研发和加强特色热带作物种质资源有利基因挖掘等应对未来不确定性气候环境的对策建议。
中图分类号:
向华, 闫琰, 王秀东. 特色热带作物技术集成驱动产业链一体化发展评价研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 1-12.
Hua XIANG, Yan YAN, Xiudong WANG. Evaluation of Industrial Chain Integration Driven by Technology Integration of Characteristic Tropical Crops[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 1-12.
热作作物 Tropical crop | 面积 Area/104 hm2 | 产量 Output/104 t | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
天然橡胶 Natural rubber | 57.7 | 71.5 | 74.5 | 69.1 | 81.6 | 68.8 |
咖啡 Coffee | 9.4 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 5.0 | 14.1 | 13.7 |
木薯 Cassava | 27.8 | 28.9 | 30.0 | 455.0 | 477.4 | 487.6 |
合计 Total | 94.9 | 112.4 | 116.8 | 529.1 | 573.1 | 570.1 |
表1 2010—2020年我国主要特色热带作物收获面积与产量情况
Table 1 Harvest area and yield of major tropical crops in China from 2010 to 2020
热作作物 Tropical crop | 面积 Area/104 hm2 | 产量 Output/104 t | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
天然橡胶 Natural rubber | 57.7 | 71.5 | 74.5 | 69.1 | 81.6 | 68.8 |
咖啡 Coffee | 9.4 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 5.0 | 14.1 | 13.7 |
木薯 Cassava | 27.8 | 28.9 | 30.0 | 455.0 | 477.4 | 487.6 |
合计 Total | 94.9 | 112.4 | 116.8 | 529.1 | 573.1 | 570.1 |
环节Link | 天然橡胶 Natural rubber | 咖啡 Coffee | 木薯 Cassava |
---|---|---|---|
生产 Produce | 橡胶树小筒苗培育技术优化;橡胶树病虫害监测及绿色防控技术示范;成龄胶园土壤养护与机械施肥技术及其示范 Cultivation technology of hevea rubber seedling;demonstration of hevea tree pest monitoring and green prevention and control technology; soil conservation and mechanical fertilization technology in mature rubber orchard and its demonstration | 引进优质种质资源,试种、推广并规模化种植 Introduce high quality germplasm resources, and trial planting, promotion and large-scale planting | 通过育苗研发实验形成木薯嫩茎枝替代成熟种茎种苗培育技术;营养诊断和化肥平衡施用技术;集成土壤养护和高效栽培技术;机械化作业 Form the cultivation technology of tapioca shoots replacing mature seed stalks through seedling research and development experiment; nutrition diagnosis and balanced fertilizer application techniques; integrated soil conservation and efficient cultivation techniques; mechanical operation |
加工 Process | 鲜胶乳高效高质预处理技术;浓缩天然胶乳高质高效离心新工艺;胶乳发泡制品试制 High efficiency and high quality pretreatment technology of fresh latex; new high quality and high efficiency centrifugal process for concentrating natural latex; trial production of latex foam products | 咖啡初加工、深加工技术引进 Coffee processing, deep processing technology introduction | 集成木薯淀粉提取和复合变性加工关键技术、木薯茎秆基料化利用技术、木薯渣饲料化利用技术 Key technologies of integrated cassava starch extraction and compound denaturation processing;cassava stalk base material utilization technology utilization technology of cassava residue for feed |
销售 Sell | 研发新产品培育新品牌 Develop new products and cultivate new brands | “2 Business & 2 Consumer”现代化营销模式;咖啡餐饮、咖啡主体休闲农庄;创建“云咖”“景兰”“中咖”等知名品牌 “2 Business & 2 Consumer” modern marketing mode; coffee catering, coffee main leisure farm; create “cloud coffee” “Kyung Lah” “Chinese coffee” and other well-known brands | 木薯茎秆当作橡胶等其他经济作物栽培原料 Cassava stalks are used as raw materials for rubber and other cash crops |
表2 我国主要特色热带作物在“产加销”环节技术集成驱动情况
Table 2 Main feature of tropical crops drived by technology integration in the "production and marketing" link
环节Link | 天然橡胶 Natural rubber | 咖啡 Coffee | 木薯 Cassava |
---|---|---|---|
生产 Produce | 橡胶树小筒苗培育技术优化;橡胶树病虫害监测及绿色防控技术示范;成龄胶园土壤养护与机械施肥技术及其示范 Cultivation technology of hevea rubber seedling;demonstration of hevea tree pest monitoring and green prevention and control technology; soil conservation and mechanical fertilization technology in mature rubber orchard and its demonstration | 引进优质种质资源,试种、推广并规模化种植 Introduce high quality germplasm resources, and trial planting, promotion and large-scale planting | 通过育苗研发实验形成木薯嫩茎枝替代成熟种茎种苗培育技术;营养诊断和化肥平衡施用技术;集成土壤养护和高效栽培技术;机械化作业 Form the cultivation technology of tapioca shoots replacing mature seed stalks through seedling research and development experiment; nutrition diagnosis and balanced fertilizer application techniques; integrated soil conservation and efficient cultivation techniques; mechanical operation |
加工 Process | 鲜胶乳高效高质预处理技术;浓缩天然胶乳高质高效离心新工艺;胶乳发泡制品试制 High efficiency and high quality pretreatment technology of fresh latex; new high quality and high efficiency centrifugal process for concentrating natural latex; trial production of latex foam products | 咖啡初加工、深加工技术引进 Coffee processing, deep processing technology introduction | 集成木薯淀粉提取和复合变性加工关键技术、木薯茎秆基料化利用技术、木薯渣饲料化利用技术 Key technologies of integrated cassava starch extraction and compound denaturation processing;cassava stalk base material utilization technology utilization technology of cassava residue for feed |
销售 Sell | 研发新产品培育新品牌 Develop new products and cultivate new brands | “2 Business & 2 Consumer”现代化营销模式;咖啡餐饮、咖啡主体休闲农庄;创建“云咖”“景兰”“中咖”等知名品牌 “2 Business & 2 Consumer” modern marketing mode; coffee catering, coffee main leisure farm; create “cloud coffee” “Kyung Lah” “Chinese coffee” and other well-known brands | 木薯茎秆当作橡胶等其他经济作物栽培原料 Cassava stalks are used as raw materials for rubber and other cash crops |
变量 Variable | 度量Measure |
---|---|
fcosts | 化肥成本/(元·hm-2) Fertilizer costs/(yuan·hm-2) |
fpvol | 化肥购买量Fertilizer purchase quantity/kg |
tfcost | 年度化肥总成本/元 Total annual fertilizer cost/yuan |
变量 Variable | 度量Measure |
tfpvol | 年度化肥总量 Annual total fertilizer/kg |
pcosts | 农药成本/(元·hm-2) Pesticide cost/(yuan·hm-2) |
laborcosts | 年度人工成本/元 Annual labor cost/yuan |
familyinput | 年度自家劳动力投入/(工日) Annual home labor input/(work day) |
acre | 播种面积 Area sown/hm2 |
rlcacres | 家庭承包土地面积 Household contracted land/hm2 |
age | 户主年龄 The householder age/a |
edu | 户主受教育年限 Years of schooling of the household head/a |
hinc | 家庭总收入/元 Total household income/yuan |
minc | 特色热带作物收入/元 Income from specialty tropical crops/yuan |
did | did=D×T |
Di | 若农户i参与特色热带作物产业链一体化技术项目,则 |
If farmer i participates in the industrial chain integration technology project of characteristic tropical crops, | |
T | 时间虚拟变量, |
Time dummy variable, |
表3 变量及度量 (续表Continued)
Table 3 Variable and measure
变量 Variable | 度量Measure |
---|---|
fcosts | 化肥成本/(元·hm-2) Fertilizer costs/(yuan·hm-2) |
fpvol | 化肥购买量Fertilizer purchase quantity/kg |
tfcost | 年度化肥总成本/元 Total annual fertilizer cost/yuan |
变量 Variable | 度量Measure |
tfpvol | 年度化肥总量 Annual total fertilizer/kg |
pcosts | 农药成本/(元·hm-2) Pesticide cost/(yuan·hm-2) |
laborcosts | 年度人工成本/元 Annual labor cost/yuan |
familyinput | 年度自家劳动力投入/(工日) Annual home labor input/(work day) |
acre | 播种面积 Area sown/hm2 |
rlcacres | 家庭承包土地面积 Household contracted land/hm2 |
age | 户主年龄 The householder age/a |
edu | 户主受教育年限 Years of schooling of the household head/a |
hinc | 家庭总收入/元 Total household income/yuan |
minc | 特色热带作物收入/元 Income from specialty tropical crops/yuan |
did | did=D×T |
Di | 若农户i参与特色热带作物产业链一体化技术项目,则 |
If farmer i participates in the industrial chain integration technology project of characteristic tropical crops, | |
T | 时间虚拟变量, |
Time dummy variable, |
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=56) | fcosts | 13 591 | 3 103 | 0 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 914 | 898.0 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 194.1 | 43.41 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 82 511 | 11 490 | 8 100 | 99 000 | |
familyinput | 838.1 | 54.47 | 725 | 990 | |
acre | 153.3 | 285.7 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 678.8 | 5 078 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.73 | 6.656 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.643 | 2.354 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 322 | 27 680 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 7 161 | 10 519 | 0 | 38 000 |
表4 天然橡胶描述性统计分析
Table 4 Descriptive statistical analysis of natural rubber
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=56) | fcosts | 13 591 | 3 103 | 0 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 914 | 898.0 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 194.1 | 43.41 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 82 511 | 11 490 | 8 100 | 99 000 | |
familyinput | 838.1 | 54.47 | 725 | 990 | |
acre | 153.3 | 285.7 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 678.8 | 5 078 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.73 | 6.656 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.643 | 2.354 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 322 | 27 680 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 7 161 | 10 519 | 0 | 38 000 |
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理组 Treatment group (n=100) | fcosts | 12 095 | 2 949 | 6 688 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 420 | 895.5 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 176.6 | 45.12 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 86 995 | 73 609 | 17 500 | 810 000 | |
familyinput | 802.5 | 67.90 | 700 | 990 | |
acre | 140.5 | 266.9 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 760.3 | 5 347 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.40 | 6.922 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.480 | 2.329 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 600 | 29 165 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 8 020 | 10 769 | 0 | 38 000 | |
全样本 Total sample (n=156) | fcosts | 12 632 | 3 080 | 0 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 597 | 924.6 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 182.9 | 45.17 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 85 385 | 59 264 | 8 100 | 810 000 | |
familyinput | 815.3 | 65.52 | 700 | 990 | |
acre | 145.1 | 272.9 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 731.1 | 523 6 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.52 | 6.808 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.538 | 2.332 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 500 | 28 551 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 7 712 | 10 654 | 0 | 38 000 |
表4 天然橡胶描述性统计分析 (续表Continued)
Table 4 Descriptive statistical analysis of natural rubber
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理组 Treatment group (n=100) | fcosts | 12 095 | 2 949 | 6 688 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 420 | 895.5 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 176.6 | 45.12 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 86 995 | 73 609 | 17 500 | 810 000 | |
familyinput | 802.5 | 67.90 | 700 | 990 | |
acre | 140.5 | 266.9 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 760.3 | 5 347 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.40 | 6.922 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.480 | 2.329 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 600 | 29 165 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 8 020 | 10 769 | 0 | 38 000 | |
全样本 Total sample (n=156) | fcosts | 12 632 | 3 080 | 0 | 19 250 |
fpvol | 3 597 | 924.6 | 0 | 5 500 | |
pcosts | 182.9 | 45.17 | 0 | 240 | |
laborcosts | 85 385 | 59 264 | 8 100 | 810 000 | |
familyinput | 815.3 | 65.52 | 700 | 990 | |
acre | 145.1 | 272.9 | 90 | 1 998 | |
rlcacres | 731.1 | 523 6 | 0 | 38 000 | |
age | 52.52 | 6.808 | 34 | 65 | |
edu | 8.538 | 2.332 | 5 | 16 | |
hinc | 52 500 | 28 551 | 2 | 100 000 | |
minc | 7 712 | 10 654 | 0 | 38 000 |
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=141) | fcosts | 265.6 | 138.8 | 60 | 690 |
fpvol | 149.00 | 74.32 | 0 | 770 |
表5 木薯描述性统计分析
Table 5 Descriptive statistical analysis of cassava
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=141) | fcosts | 265.6 | 138.8 | 60 | 690 |
fpvol | 149.00 | 74.32 | 0 | 770 |
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=141) | pcosts | 38.61 | 20.58 | 0 | 100 |
laborcosts | 937.2 | 1 047 | 300 | 12 003 | |
familyinput | 179.550 | 12.21 | 1 | 75 | |
acre | 5.160 | 11.48 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 9.414 | 13.20 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.75 | 8.143 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.574 | 2.237 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 62 213 | 46 773 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 9 877 | 18 369 | 1 684 | 157 000 | |
处理组 Treatment group (n=198) | fcosts | 248.5 | 114.5 | 60 | 720 |
fpvol | 158.7 | 51.47 | 30 | 300 | |
pcosts | 37.89 | 14.72 | 0 | 100 | |
laborcosts | 784.8 | 228.1 | 300 | 2 000 | |
familyinput | 133.125 | 4.807 | 1 | 40 | |
acre | 6.036 | 13.32 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 10.60 | 15.49 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.86 | 8.463 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.576 | 2.208 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 66 542 | 53 717 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 11 321 | 21 284 | 1 684 | 157 000 | |
全样本 Total sample (n=339) | fcosts | 255.6 | 125.3 | 60 | 720 |
fpvol | 154.6 | 62.09 | 0 | 770 | |
pcosts | 38.19 | 17.37 | 0 | 100 | |
laborcosts | 848.2 | 699.8 | 300 | 12 003 | |
familyinput | 10.16 | 8.804 | 1 | 75 | |
acre | 5.672 | 12.58 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 10.10 | 14.57 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.81 | 8.319 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.575 | 2.217 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 64 741 | 50 917 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 10 720 | 20 107 | 1 684 | 157 000 |
表5 木薯描述性统计分析 (续表Continued)
Table 5 Descriptive statistical analysis of cassava
类别 Kind | 变量 Variable | 均值 Mean | 标准误 SE | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (n=141) | pcosts | 38.61 | 20.58 | 0 | 100 |
laborcosts | 937.2 | 1 047 | 300 | 12 003 | |
familyinput | 179.550 | 12.21 | 1 | 75 | |
acre | 5.160 | 11.48 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 9.414 | 13.20 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.75 | 8.143 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.574 | 2.237 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 62 213 | 46 773 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 9 877 | 18 369 | 1 684 | 157 000 | |
处理组 Treatment group (n=198) | fcosts | 248.5 | 114.5 | 60 | 720 |
fpvol | 158.7 | 51.47 | 30 | 300 | |
pcosts | 37.89 | 14.72 | 0 | 100 | |
laborcosts | 784.8 | 228.1 | 300 | 2 000 | |
familyinput | 133.125 | 4.807 | 1 | 40 | |
acre | 6.036 | 13.32 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 10.60 | 15.49 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.86 | 8.463 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.576 | 2.208 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 66 542 | 53 717 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 11 321 | 21 284 | 1 684 | 157 000 | |
全样本 Total sample (n=339) | fcosts | 255.6 | 125.3 | 60 | 720 |
fpvol | 154.6 | 62.09 | 0 | 770 | |
pcosts | 38.19 | 17.37 | 0 | 100 | |
laborcosts | 848.2 | 699.8 | 300 | 12 003 | |
familyinput | 10.16 | 8.804 | 1 | 75 | |
acre | 5.672 | 12.58 | 0.800 | 100 | |
rlcacres | 10.10 | 14.57 | 1.700 | 100 | |
age | 53.81 | 8.319 | 32 | 75 | |
edu | 7.575 | 2.217 | 2 | 15 | |
hinc | 64 741 | 50 917 | 4 560 | 320 000 | |
minc | 10 720 | 20 107 | 1 684 | 157 000 |
变量 Variable | PSM-DID | DID | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
lnlaborcosts | lnpcosts | lnlaborcosts | lnpcosts | |
did | -0.190*** | -0.091*** | -0.077 | -0.121*** |
(0.041) | (0.013) | (0.083) | (0.026) | |
T | -0.104** | -0.362*** | -0.113** | -0.362*** |
(0.039) | (0.011) | (0.052) | (0.017) | |
D | 0.069 | -0.018** | 0.065 | -0.017 |
(0.048) | (0.006) | (0.063) | (0.018) | |
acre | -0.000 | -0.000 | -0.000 | -0.000 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
age | -0.009* | -0.004 | -0.008** | -0.004*** |
(0.004) | (0.002) | (0.004) | (0.001) | |
edu | -0.007** | -0.002 | -0.004 | -0.001 |
(0.003) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
rlca | -0.000 | -0.000*** | -0.000* | -0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
_cons | 9.906*** | 3.642*** | 9.855*** | 3.645*** |
(0.286) | (0.156) | (0.214) | (0.096) | |
N | 115 | 109 | 156 | 150 |
r2_a | 0.034 | 0.550 | 0.052 | 0.659 |
表6 模型估计结果
Table 6 Model estimation results
变量 Variable | PSM-DID | DID | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
lnlaborcosts | lnpcosts | lnlaborcosts | lnpcosts | |
did | -0.190*** | -0.091*** | -0.077 | -0.121*** |
(0.041) | (0.013) | (0.083) | (0.026) | |
T | -0.104** | -0.362*** | -0.113** | -0.362*** |
(0.039) | (0.011) | (0.052) | (0.017) | |
D | 0.069 | -0.018** | 0.065 | -0.017 |
(0.048) | (0.006) | (0.063) | (0.018) | |
acre | -0.000 | -0.000 | -0.000 | -0.000 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
age | -0.009* | -0.004 | -0.008** | -0.004*** |
(0.004) | (0.002) | (0.004) | (0.001) | |
edu | -0.007** | -0.002 | -0.004 | -0.001 |
(0.003) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
rlca | -0.000 | -0.000*** | -0.000* | -0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
_cons | 9.906*** | 3.642*** | 9.855*** | 3.645*** |
(0.286) | (0.156) | (0.214) | (0.096) | |
N | 115 | 109 | 156 | 150 |
r2_a | 0.034 | 0.550 | 0.052 | 0.659 |
变量 Variable | PSM-DID | DID |
---|---|---|
lnfcosts | lnfcosts | |
did | -0.240* | -0.178* |
(-2.070) | (0.141) | |
acre | -0.008 | -0.008** |
(0.005) | (0.003) | |
rlcacres | 0.008* | 0.009*** |
(0.005) | (0.003) | |
age | 0.005 | 0.005** |
(0.003) | (0.002) | |
edu | 0.037* | 0.035*** |
(0.020) | (0.013) | |
D | -0.075 | -0.081 |
(0.052) | (0.053) | |
T | 0.329** | 0.268** |
(0.119) | (0.131) | |
_cons | 2.973*** | 2.946*** |
(0.290) | (0.194) | |
N | 330 | 339 |
r2_a | 0.065 | 0.059 |
表7 模型估计结果
Table 7 Model estimation results
变量 Variable | PSM-DID | DID |
---|---|---|
lnfcosts | lnfcosts | |
did | -0.240* | -0.178* |
(-2.070) | (0.141) | |
acre | -0.008 | -0.008** |
(0.005) | (0.003) | |
rlcacres | 0.008* | 0.009*** |
(0.005) | (0.003) | |
age | 0.005 | 0.005** |
(0.003) | (0.002) | |
edu | 0.037* | 0.035*** |
(0.020) | (0.013) | |
D | -0.075 | -0.081 |
(0.052) | (0.053) | |
T | 0.329** | 0.268** |
(0.119) | (0.131) | |
_cons | 2.973*** | 2.946*** |
(0.290) | (0.194) | |
N | 330 | 339 |
r2_a | 0.065 | 0.059 |
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