植烟区烟叶氯含量风险评估及影响因素分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0061

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 206-213.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0061

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

植烟区烟叶氯含量风险评估及影响因素分析

黄跃¹(), 谢晏芬²(), 朱宣全¹, 贾孟¹, 王戈¹, 白羽祥¹, 杜宇¹, 周鹏¹, 赵宇婷², 朱红琼², 杨帆², 肖志文³, 王文波², 方志鹏², 韩家宝²(), 王娜¹()

^1.云南农业大学烟草学院, 昆明 650201
^2.曲靖市烟草公司陆良分公司, 云南曲靖 655699
^3.玉溪市烟草公司易门分公司, 云南玉溪 653199

收稿日期:2023-02-02 接受日期:2023-07-26 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-12
通讯作者: 韩家宝,王娜
作者简介:黄跃 E-mail：2662942405@qq.com
谢晏芬E-mail：493000270@qq.com第一联系人：黄跃和谢晏芬为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860357);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000242005)

Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Chlorine Content in Tobacco Leaves in Tobacco Planting Areas

Yue HUANG¹(), Yanfen XIE²(), Xuanquan ZHU¹, Meng JIA¹, Ge WANG¹, Yuxiang BAI¹, Yu DU¹, Peng ZHOU¹, Yuting ZHAO², Hongqiong ZHU², Fan YANG², Zhiwen XIAO³, Wenbo WANG², Zhipeng FANG², Jiabao HAN²(), Na WANG¹()

^1.College of Tobacco，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 650201，China
^2.Luliang Branch of Qujing Tobacco Company，Yunnan Qujing 655699，China
^3.Yimen Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company，Yunnan Yuxi 653199，China

Received:2023-02-02 Accepted:2023-07-26 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-12
Contact: Jiabao HAN,Na WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步明确植烟区影响烟叶氯含量的环境因素及其可能的影响路径，于2021年在云南采集7个乡镇植烟区的烟叶及对应的土壤和灌溉水样品，系统评估该植烟区烟叶的氯含量状况，并探讨其与植烟土壤和灌溉水之间可能存在的联系。结果表明，该植烟区烟叶、灌溉水和土壤均存在不同程度氯含量超标风险，其中28.79%的烟叶中氯含量超过优质烟叶标准。Mantel-Test分析表明，烟叶氯含量与烟叶品质整体呈负相关，且与土壤主要理化性质、灌溉水氯含量密切相关。结构方程模型（structural equation model，SEM）分析表明，灌溉水氯含量对烟叶氯含量具有极显著直接正向效应（影响系数为0.459），对土壤化学特性有显著直接负向效应（影响系数为-0.225）；而土壤物理特性对化学特性具有极显著正向效应（影响系数为0.370）。综上所述，该植烟区存在较高氯含量超标风险，灌溉水氯含量和土壤物理性状是重要影响因素，它们通过影响土壤化学性状及土壤含氯量共同引起烟叶氯含量超标，并最终降低烟叶品质。

关键词: 烟叶氯含量, 灌溉水氯含量, 土壤氯含量, 土壤理化特性, 结构方程模型（SEM）

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effect of environmental factors on the chlorine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco-growing areas and their possible influencing paths， the tobacco leaves， corresponding soil and irrigation water samples were collected from 7 townships in a tobacco-growing area in Yunnan in 2021. The chlorine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco-growing areas was systematically evaluated and its possible relationship with tobacco-growing soil and irrigation water was discussed. The results showed that there was a risk of excessive chlorine content in tobacco leaves， irrigation water and soil in this tobacco planting area. Among them， 28.79% of the chlorine content in tobacco leaves exceeded the standard of high-quality tobacco leaves. Mantel-Test analysis showed that the chlorine content of tobacco leaves was negatively correlated with the overall quality of tobacco leaves， and was closely related to the main physical and chemical properties of soil and the chlorine content of irrigation water. The structural equation model （SEM） analysis showed that the chlorine content of irrigation water had a very significant direct positive effect on the chlorine content of tobacco leaves （ the influence coefficient was 0.459）， and had a significant direct negative effect on the chemical properties of soil （the influence coefficient was 0.225）， while the physical properties of soil also had a very significant positive effect on chemical properties （the influence coefficient was 0.370）. In summary， there was a high risk of chlorine content exceeding the standard in this tobacco planting area. The chlorine content of irrigation water and soil physical properties might be important factors， which could cause the chlorine content of tobacco leaves to exceed the standard by affecting soil chemical properties and soil chlorine content， and ultimately reduce the quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words: chlorine content of tobacco leaves, chlorine content of irrigation water, soil chlorine content, physical and chemical properties of soil, structural equation model （SEM）

中图分类号:

S572.01

黄跃, 谢晏芬, 朱宣全, 贾孟, 王戈, 白羽祥, 杜宇, 周鹏, 赵宇婷, 朱红琼, 杨帆, 肖志文, 王文波, 方志鹏, 韩家宝, 王娜. 植烟区烟叶氯含量风险评估及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 206-213.

Yue HUANG, Yanfen XIE, Xuanquan ZHU, Meng JIA, Ge WANG, Yuxiang BAI, Yu DU, Peng ZHOU, Yuting ZHAO, Hongqiong ZHU, Fan YANG, Zhiwen XIAO, Wenbo WANG, Zhipeng FANG, Jiabao HAN, Na WANG. Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Chlorine Content in Tobacco Leaves in Tobacco Planting Areas[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 206-213.

图/表 8

表1 植烟区中部烟叶氯含量

Table 1 Chlorine content of middle tobacco leaves in tobacco planting area

变幅Range/%

平均值Mean/%

标准差

变异系数CV

分布频率

Distribution frequency/%

表2 植烟区C3F烟叶化学含量

Table 2 Chemical content of C3F tobacco leaves in tobacco planting area

指标 Index	总糖含量Total sugar content/%	还原糖含量Sugar content/%	总氮含量Total nitrogen content/%	烟碱含量Nicotine content/%	钾含量 K content/%	淀粉含量Starch content/%	糖碱比 Sugar/nicotine	氮碱比Total nitrogen/nicotine	钾氯比 K/Cl
平均值Mean	34.13	22.97	1.93	1.83	2.31	4.50	14.77	1.15	9.13
标准差SD	7.08	5.63	0.34	0.63	0.67	0.58	8.15	0.35	9.60
变异系数CV	0.21	0.25	0.18	0.34	0.29	0.13	0.55	0.30	1.05
变幅Range	12.00~47.40	9.62~36.31	1.08~2.94	0.80~3.29	1.00~4.25	3.63~6.92	4.67~44.42	0.63~2.41	0.58~38.80

表3 C3F烟叶化学品质的综合评分

Table 3 Comprehensive score of chemicals in C3F tobacco

指标 Index	还原糖 Sugar	总氮 Total nitrogen	烟碱 Nicotine	钾 K	淀粉 Starch	糖碱比 Sugar/nicotine	氮碱比 Total nitrogen/nicotine	钾氯比 K/Cl	综合评分Comprehensive score
平均值 Mean	78.22	82.41	60.77	92.29	87.91	46.47	72.22	69.35	68.04
标准差 SD	29.82	16.42	37.08	8.84	9.93	69.29	42.87	32.44	30.24
变异系数CV	0.38	0.20	0.61	0.10	0.11	1.49	0.59	0.47	0.44
变幅 Range	-23.10~100.00	40.50~100.00	-20.00~100.00	60.00~100.00	41.60~98.70	-234.20~100.00	-142.00~100.00	8.70~100.00	-41.47~98.89

表4 植烟区土壤化学特性

Table 4 Soil chemical properties in tobacco planting area

指标Index	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ （mg·kg^-1）	水解氮 Hydrolyzed nitrogen/ （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）	全氮Total nitrogen/%	全磷Total phosphorus/%	全钾Total potassium/%	氯离子 Cl^-/（mg·kg^-1）
平均值 Mean	5.76	24.16	117.49	84.01	343.94	0.13	0.10	1.49	51.26
标准差 SD	1.06	8.30	55.81	78.76	296.97	0.04	0.03	0.65	111.87
变异系数CV	0.18	0.34	0.48	0.94	0.86	0.31	0.36	0.44	2.18
变幅 Range	4.32~8.05	5.06~46.60	21.70~339.40	3.40~383.80	82.7~1 856.00	0.05~0.28	0.04~0.19	0.48~3.88	0.00~612.80

表5 植烟区土壤物理特性

Table 5 Soil physical properties in tobacco planting area

指标Index	团粒结构占比 Proportion of granular structure/%						机械组成 Mechanical composition/%			容重Bulk density/（g·cm^-3）	总孔隙度Total porosity/%
指标Index	>5.01 mm	3.01~5.00 mm	2.01~3.00 mm	1.01~2.00 mm	0.51~1.00 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	砂粒 Grit	粉沙粒Powder sand	黏粒Cosmid	容重Bulk density/（g·cm^-3）	总孔隙度Total porosity/%
平均值Mean	4.86	3.52	4.18	3.37	14.50	5.56	40.54	24.79	34.68	1.17	55.70
标准差 SD	5.95	3.18	2.94	2.07	8.89	2.34	16.75	9.64	13.15	0.20	7.68
变异系数CV	1.22	0.90	0.70	0.61	0.61	0.42	0.41	0.39	0.38	0.17	0.14
变幅 Range	0.00~26.41	0.23~15.89	0.11~16.36	0.42~9.57	0.56~36.67	2.07~14.83	6.74~81.97	5.25~43.15	0.91~76.69	0.84~1.70	33.87~66.42

表6 灌溉水氯含量

Table 6 Chlorine content of irrigation water

平均值

Mean /（mg·L^-1）

标准差

变异系数

CV/%

变幅

Range/（mg·L^-1）

分布频率

Distribution frequency/%

图1 烟叶氯含量与环境因子的Mantel-Test分析注：热图中每个方格内色块颜色表示环境因子间相关性系数正负，色块大小表示相关系数绝对值大小。线条粗细表示相关性强弱，线条颜色表示显著性程度。SOM—土壤有机质；AN—水解氮；AP—有效磷；AK—有效钾；TN—全氮；TP—全磷；TK—全钾；Cl-S—土壤Cl-含量；Cl-W—水Cl-含量；Cl-T—烟叶Cl-含量；Gr—砂粒；PD—粉沙粒；CM—黏粒；BD—容量；TP—总空隙度；CS—综合评分；S1~S6分别表示>5.01、3.01~5.00、2.01~3.00、1.01~2.00、0.51~1.00、0.25~0.50 mm的土壤团粒结构。

Fig. 1 Mantel-Test analysis between chlorine content in tobacco leaves with environmental factorsNote： The color of the color block in each square in the heat map indicates the positive or negative correlation coefficient between the environmental factors， and the size of the color block indicates the absolute value of the correlation coefficient. The thickness of the line indicates the strength of the correlation， and the color of the line indicates the degree of significance. SOM—Soil organic matter； AN—Hydrolyzed nitrogen； AP—Available phosphorus； AK—Available potassium； TN—Total nitrogen； TP—Total phosphorus； TK—Total potassium； Cl-S—Cl- content in soil； Cl-W—Cl- content in water； Cl-T—Cl- content in leaf of tobacco； Gr—Grit； PD—Powder sand； CM—Cosmid； BD—Bulk density； TP—Total porosity； CS—Comprehensive score；S1~S6 represent the soil aggregate structure of >5.01， 3.01~5.00， 2.01~3.00， 1.01~2.00， 0.51~1.00， 0.25~0.50 mm， respectively.

图2 烟叶氯含量与土壤理化、灌溉水氯含量及烟叶综合评分的相互关系注：虚线表示负向影响；实线表示正向影响。*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著相关。

Fig. 2 Correlation between chlorine content in tobacco leaf， soil physicochemical content， chlorine content in irrigation water and comprehensive score of tobacco leafNote： The dotted line indicates negative impact； the solid line indicates positive impact.*， ** and *** indicate significant correlation at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

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植烟区烟叶氯含量风险评估及影响因素分析

Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Chlorine Content in Tobacco Leaves in Tobacco Planting Areas

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