生物菌肥FBR1不同施用方式对花生生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0136

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究生物菌肥FBR1（枯草芽孢杆菌）不同施用方式对花生生长发育及产量的影响，以‘花育9113’为供试材料，以不拌种衣剂不施菌肥为对照1（CK1）、种衣剂1 250 mL·hm^-2拌种不施菌肥为对照2（CK2），设置地表撒施15 kg·hm^-2菌粉后起垄播种不拌种衣剂种子（T1）、不拌种衣剂种子播种后穴施菌粉15 kg·hm^-2（T2）、菌液7.5 L·hm^-2拌种（T3）和种衣剂1 250 mL·hm^-2拌种后用菌粉15 kg·hm^-2包衣（T4）4种不同处理，对各处理的花生植株发育、干物质分配及产量进行分析。结果表明，T1处理可促进花生生长，对单株荚果重和生物总干重有一定的增加作用；T3处理降低了出苗率，T4处理不仅降低了主茎高，而且降低了实收穴数；T1、T3处理的荚果和籽仁分别比CK1增产84.93、34.97和32.48、5.00 kg·hm^-2，T2处理的荚果和籽仁比CK1分别减产84.93和82.43 kg·hm^-2，T4处理的荚果和籽仁比CK2分别减产92.42 和32.47 kg·hm^-2，但增减幅度均不显著。综上，考虑威海土壤条件多样性，推荐地表撒施15 kg·hm^-2菌粉后起垄播种不拌种衣剂种子的施肥方式，并在做好示范试验的前提下，因地制宜施用FBR1生物菌肥。以上研究结果为生物菌肥在花生生产上的利用提供参考依据。

关键词: FBR1菌株, 生物菌肥, 花生, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different application methods of biofertilizer FBR1 （ Bacillus subtilis ） on the growth and yield of peanut， ‘Huayu 9113’ was used as the test material. Taking without seed coating agent without bacterial fertilizer was used as control 1（CK1）， with seed coating agent 1 250 mL·hm^-2 without bacterial fertilizer as control 2（CK2）， 4 treatments were set up， including spread 15 kg·hm^-2 bacterial powder on the surface and sow seeds without seed coating agent after ridging（T1），without seed coating agent after sowing applied with 15 kg·hm^-2 bacterial powder in the hole（T2）， with 7.5 L·hm^-2 bacterial liquid for seed dressing（T3）and with 1 250 mL·hm^-2 seed coating agent after coating with 15 kg·hm^-2 fungus powder（T4）， and peanut plant development， dry matter distribution and yield of each treatment were analyzed. The results showed that T1 treatment could promote the growth of peanut， and increase the pod weight per plant and total biological dry weight. T3 treatment reduced the seedling rate. T4 treatment not only reduced the main stem height， but also reduced the number of harvested holes. The pods and kernels of T1 and T3 treatments were higher than those of CK1，which increased by 84.93， 34.97 and 32.48， 5.00 kg·hm^-2， respectively. The pods and kernels of T2 treatment decreased by 84.93 and 82.43 kg·hm^-2 compared with CK1. The pod and seed yield of T4 treatment decreased by 92.42 and 32.47 kg·hm^-2 compared with CK2， but the increase and decrease were not significant. In summary， considering the diversity of soil conditions in Weihai， we recommended the method of sowing seeds without seed coating agent after surface spreading 15 kg·hm^-2 of fungal powder and applying FBR1 biofertilizer according to local conditions on the premise of a good demonstration trial. Above results provided a reference basis for its application in peanut production.

Key words: strain FBR1, biofertilizer, peanut, growth and development, yield

中图分类号:

S565.2

彭守华, 许铭铭, 尉继强, 梁丽君, 叶全, 迟晓元, 张少峰, 董向丽. 生物菌肥FBR1不同施用方式对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 200-205.

Shouhua PENG, Mingming XU, Jiqiang WEI, Lijun LIANG, Quan YE, Xiaoyuan CHI, Shaofeng ZHANG, Xiangli DONG. Effects of Increase Applying of Biofertilizer Strain FBR1 on Growth Development and Yield of Peanut[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 200-205.

图/表 4

参考文献 22

1	孙海艳,侯乾,董文召,等.我国花生品种发展现状[J].中国种业,2022(7):15-17.
2	迟晓元,许静,潘丽娟,等.不同花生种质荚果力学特性研究[J].花生学报,2022,51(4):18-28.
	CHI X Y, XU J, PAN L J, et al.. Study on pod mechanical properties of different peanut germplasms [J]. J. Peanut Sci., 2022,51(4):18-28.
3	林倩,陈康,王永丽,等.烟台地区花生新品种试验示范[J].中国种业,2023(1):68-72.
4	威海市地方史志办公室.威海年鉴2015[M].北京:方志出版社,2015:125.
5	威海市地方史志办公室.威海年鉴2017[M].北京:方志出版社,2017,135.
6	叶全,陈洪江.威海耕地[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2019:189-191.
7	孟瑶,徐凤花,孟庆有,等.中国微生物肥料研究及应用进展[J].中国农学通报, 2008,24(6):276-283.
	MENG Y, XU F H, MENG Q Y, et al.. Current application status and prospect of microbiological fertilizer in China [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 2008,24(6):276-283.
8	陈建生,李文金,康涛,等.花生上生物菌肥替代化肥减施增效技术研究[J].山东农业科学,2021,53(7):73-76.
	CHEN J S, LI W J, KANG T, et al.. Technique study on reducing application and increasing efficiency of peanut biological bacterial fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2021,53(7):73-76.
9	胡亚杰,韦建玉,卢健,等.枯草芽孢杆菌在农作物生产上的应用研究进展[J].作物研究,2019,33(2):167-172.
	HU Y J, WEI J Y, LU J, et al.. Research progress of Bacillus subtilis application in crops production [J]. Crop Res., 2019,33(2):167-172.
10	孙海艳,李荣德,史梦雅,等. 农作物品种试验规范油料作物: [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2021.
11	吴丽青,曲杰,程亮,等.不同种植密度对高油酸花生机收特性及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2020,52(5):47-50.
	WU L Q, QU J, CHENG L, et al.. Effects of different planting densities on high-oleic acid peanut yield and machanized harvest characteristics [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2020,52(5):47-50.
12	李峰,张甜,王铭伦,等.化肥减量配施生物肥对花生衰老特性、干物质积累及肥料利用效率的影响[J].花生学报,2022,51(1):9-16.
	LI F, ZHANG T, WANG M L, et al.. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer on peanut senescence characteristics, dry matter accumulation and fertilizer utilization efficiency [J]. J. Peanut Sci., 2022,51(1):9-16.
13	侯睿,张小红,张小军,等.生物菌肥在花生上施用效果的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(8):78-83.
	HOU R, ZHANG X H, ZHANG X J, et al.. The application effect of biological bacterial fertilizer on peanut [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 2017,33(8):78-83.
14	彭守华,尉继强,董向丽,等.花生施用不同菌肥的效应研究[J].农业科技通讯,2018(5):130-132.
15	汤丰收,张新友,张俊,等.高油、高产花生新品种豫花9326抗旱生理特性及生产适应性研究[J].花生学报,2014,43(3):7-12.
	TANG F S, ZHANG X Y, ZHANG J, et al.. Research on physiological characteristics of drought resistance and productive adaptability of new peanut variety Yuhua 9326 with high oil and high yield [J]. J. Peanut Sci., 2014,43(3):7-12.
16	甄志高,王晓林,段莹,等.不同种植密度对花生产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(2):90-91.
	ZHEN Z G, WANG X L, DUAN Y, et al.. Effect of different planting density on yield in peanut [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 2004,20(2):90-91.
17	杨清夏,李欢,龙光强,等.基于有机肥和菌肥的玉米减肥增效研究[J].生态科学,2022,41(4):196-203.
	YANG Q X, LI H, LONG G Q, et al.. Study on reducing fertilizer and increasing use efficiency of maize based on organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer [J]. Ecol. Sci.,2022,41(4):196-203.
18	于占东,刘云峰,温丹,等.有机肥配施生物菌肥对设施蔬菜土壤改良及面条菜生长、品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2022,54(8):99-103.
	YU Z D, LIU Y F, WEN D, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizer combined with biological bacterial fertilizer on facility soil improvement and growth and quality of Silene conoidea L. [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2022,54(8):99-103.
19	肖孔操,刘杏梅,吴建军,等. 植物残体与土壤pH对农田土壤呼吸的影响研究[C]//面向未来的土壤科学(下册)——中国土壤学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨第九届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集. 中国土壤学会,2012:499-500.
20	阎世江,李照全,张治家.生物菌肥的研究现状与应用[J].北方园艺,2017(5):189-192.
	YAN S J, LI Z Q, ZHANG Z J. Research status and application of bacterial manure [J]. Northern Hortic., 2017(5):189-192.
21	刘亚东,刘景辉,卿香玉,等.生物菌肥对燕麦叶片生理特性及产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2019,47(3):58-63.
	LIU Y D, LIU J H, QING X Y, et al.. Effect of the compound microbial fertilizer on the physiological characteristics and yield of oats [J]. J. Northern Agric., 2019,47(3):58-63.
22	(日)比嘉照夫.农用与环保微生物[M].广州:广东世界图书出版公司,1999:8-11, 17.

处理 Treatment	出苗期 Seedling stage（m/d）	出苗率 Seedling rate/%	花期 Flowering period/d	成熟期 Mature period（m/d）	实收穴数 Number of actual received
CK1	5/30	98.91 aAB	37.33 aA	9/28	166.00 aA
CK2	5/30	99.40 aA	36.67 aA	9/28	165.00 abAB
T1	5/30	99.30 aAB	38.00 aA	9/28	165.33 abA
T2	5/30	98.71 abAB	38.00 aA	9/28	164.00 abcAB
T3	5/30	98.51 bB	37.33 aA	9/28	163.33 bA
T4	5/30	99.21 aA	37.33 aA	9/28	159.33 cB

处理 Treatment	出苗期 Seedling stage（m/d）	出苗率 Seedling rate/%	花期 Flowering period/d	成熟期 Mature period（m/d）	实收穴数 Number of actual received
CK1	5/30	98.91 aAB	37.33 aA	9/28	166.00 aA
CK2	5/30	99.40 aA	36.67 aA	9/28	165.00 abAB
T1	5/30	99.30 aAB	38.00 aA	9/28	165.33 abA
T2	5/30	98.71 abAB	38.00 aA	9/28	164.00 abcAB
T3	5/30	98.51 bB	37.33 aA	9/28	163.33 bA
T4	5/30	99.21 aA	37.33 aA	9/28	159.33 cB

处理 Treatment	主茎高 Main stem height /cm	侧枝长Lateral branch length/cm	总分枝数 No. of total branches	结果枝数 No. of podding branches	有效分枝比例Effective branching ratio/%	总果针数 No. of total pod needle	无效果针数 No. of no effect needle	有效果针比例 Ratio of effect needle/%
CK1	69.40 abAB	74.57 aA	8.03 aA	6.23 aA	77.40 aA	33.10 aA	14.57 aA	56.05 aA
CK2	68.83 aA	71.50 aA	8.60 aA	6.53 aA	75.99 aA	30.40 aA	12.40 aA	59.30 aA
T1	69.03 aAB	73.37 aA	8.37 aA	6.33 aA	75.64 aA	33.50 aA	13.20 aA	60.71 aA
T2	70.47 aA	74.53 aA	8.27 aA	6.40 aA	77.15 aA	34.57 aA	14.90 aA	57.01 aA
T3	67.53 abAB	73.33 aA	8.57 aA	6.40 aA	74.77 aA	30.93 aA	11.70 aA	62.27 aA
T4	65.43 bB	71.07 aA	8.27 aA	6.30 aA	76.17 aA	30.93 aA	12.40 aA	59.56 aA

处理 Treatment	主茎高 Main stem height /cm	侧枝长Lateral branch length/cm	总分枝数 No. of total branches	结果枝数 No. of podding branches	有效分枝比例Effective branching ratio/%	总果针数 No. of total pod needle	无效果针数 No. of no effect needle	有效果针比例 Ratio of effect needle/%
CK1	69.40 abAB	74.57 aA	8.03 aA	6.23 aA	77.40 aA	33.10 aA	14.57 aA	56.05 aA
CK2	68.83 aA	71.50 aA	8.60 aA	6.53 aA	75.99 aA	30.40 aA	12.40 aA	59.30 aA
T1	69.03 aAB	73.37 aA	8.37 aA	6.33 aA	75.64 aA	33.50 aA	13.20 aA	60.71 aA
T2	70.47 aA	74.53 aA	8.27 aA	6.40 aA	77.15 aA	34.57 aA	14.90 aA	57.01 aA
T3	67.53 abAB	73.33 aA	8.57 aA	6.40 aA	74.77 aA	30.93 aA	11.70 aA	62.27 aA
T4	65.43 bB	71.07 aA	8.27 aA	6.30 aA	76.17 aA	30.93 aA	12.40 aA	59.56 aA

处理 Treatment	饱果数 No. of full pods	双饱果数 No. of double full pods	秕果数 No. of blighted pod	总果数 No. of total pod	百果重 100-pod weight/g	百仁重 100-seed weight/g	千克果数No. of kilogram pods	千克仁数No. of kilogram seeds	出仁率 Kernel rate/%
CK1	14.67 abA	6.93 aA	3.83 aA	18.53 abA	228.90 aA	83.83 aA	590 aA	1 226 aA	66.40 aA
CK2	13.73 bA	6.03 aA	4.23 aA	18.00 bA	223.05 aA	86.39 aA	599 aA	1 269 aA	65.42 aA
T1	16.00 aA	7.83 aA	4.30 aA	20.30 aA	231.31 aA	81.59 aA	603 aA	1 229 aA	66.05 aA
T2	14.73 abA	6.87 aA	4.67 aA	19.67 abA	234.08 aA	84.82 aA	597 aA	1 235 aA	65.89 aA
T3	14.83 abA	7.33 aA	4.40 aA	19.23 abA	229.33 aA	82.66 aA	597 aA	1 248 aA	66.18 aA
T4	14.63 abA	6.83 aA	3.77 aA	18.43 abA	229.00 aA	82.60 aA	594 aA	1 365 aA	65.88 aA