施用不同品种氮肥对麦套花生生长和产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0796

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 191-197.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0796

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

施用不同品种氮肥对麦套花生生长和产量的影响

胡家钰¹(), 杨阳², 张红燕¹, 高兵阳¹, 王灵璐¹, 闫军营³, 孙笑梅³, 赵亚南¹(), 叶优良¹()

^1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院，郑州 450002
^2.河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司，河南新乡 451150
^3.河南省土壤肥料站，郑州 450002

收稿日期:2022-09-18 接受日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-04
通讯作者: 赵亚南,叶优良
作者简介:胡家钰 E-mail：Hujiayu960@163.com
基金资助:
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210022);氮肥高效利用创新中心开放课题项目(30801723);河南省科技攻关项目(232102111022)

Effect of Topdressing Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Intercropped Peanut with Wheat

Jiayu HU¹(), Yang YANG², Hongyan ZHANG¹, Bingyang GAO¹, Linglu WANG¹, Junying YAN³, Xiaomei SUN³, Yanan ZHAO¹(), Youliang YE¹()

^1.College of Resources and Environment，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450002，China
^2.Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co. ，Ltd. Henan Xinxiang 451150，China
^3.Henan Province Soil and Fertilizer Station，Zhengzhou 450002，China

Received:2022-09-18 Accepted:2022-11-16 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-04
Contact: Yanan ZHAO,Youliang YE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究砂质土壤上追施不同类型氮肥对麦套花生生长发育和产量的影响，在河南新乡市开展田间试验，分别设置不施肥（对照）、施用氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵钙、普通尿素、腐植酸尿素、控释尿素共7个处理，分析不同处理对花生株高、分枝数、复叶数、干物质和产量的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，施用不同类型氮肥均提高了花生的株高，其中尿素处理的株高在各个时期均较高；腐植酸尿素和控释尿素处理的株高在生育后期较高。施用氮肥能促进花生分枝，下针期以前以氯化铵、尿素和控释尿素处理的增幅较大。氮肥类型显著影响花生复叶数，其中硫酸铵和硝酸铵钙处理花生的复叶数在生育前期较少而后期较多；腐植酸尿素和控释尿素处理在前期较多但成熟期较少；氯化铵和尿素处理在整个生育期则较为平稳。施用各类型氮肥均显著提高了花生膨果期和成熟期的干物质量。与对照相比，追施不同类型氮肥可增产25.0%~61.0%，其中硝酸铵钙和腐植酸尿素增产幅度最大；尿素和控释尿素的增产效果高于硫酸铵和氯化铵；且施用硝酸铵钙、尿素和控释尿素处理花生的坏果率低于其他处理。综上所述，本研究条件下，麦套花生追施氮肥可促进花生生长并提高产量，其中硝酸铵钙的增产效果最佳；腐植酸尿素和控释尿素也具有较好效果。

关键词: 花生, 套作, 氮肥种类, 硝酸铵钙, 腐植酸, 控释肥

Abstract:

To study the effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of intercropped peanut in sandy soil， the field experiment was conducted in Xinxiang City of Henan Province. 7 treatments were set， including no fertilizer control （CK）， ammonium chloride （AN）， ammonium sulfate （AS）， calcium ammonium nitrate （CAN）， urea （UR）， humic acid urea （UHA） and controlled-release urea （SRU）. The plant height， branch number， compound leaf number， dry matter and pod yield of peanut were investigated. The results showed that， compared with CK， the plant heights of peanut in different stages were increased by all the N fertilizer types. The plant height of UR treatment was relative higher in all growth periods， and were higher in the later growth period under UHA and SRU treatments. The application of N fertilizer could promote the peanut branching， with great increase for AS， UR and SRU treatments before the needling stage. The N fertilizer application significantly affected the number of compound leaves of peanut. The number of compound leaves was less in the early growth stage but more in the late stage for AS and CAN treatments， while were more in the early stage but less in the mature stage for UHA and SRU treatments， the number of compound leaves for AN and UR were relative stable. The N fertilization significantly increased the dry matter accumulation at fruit swelling and maturity stages. Compared with CK， application of N fertilizer increased the yield by 25.0%~61.0%， with the greatest increase by CAN and UHA treatments. The yield increase for UR and SRU treatments were higher than AS and AN. The CAN， UR and SRU treatments significantly decreased bad fruit rate of peanut than other treatments. In conclusion， N fertilizer application could promote the growth and yield of intercropped peanut with wheat， with the best effect for CAN， followed by UHA and SRU.

Key words: Peanut, Intercropping, Nitrogen fertilizer types, Calcium ammonium nitrate, Humic acid, Controlled-release fertilizer

中图分类号:

S565.2

胡家钰, 杨阳, 张红燕, 高兵阳, 王灵璐, 闫军营, 孙笑梅, 赵亚南, 叶优良. 施用不同品种氮肥对麦套花生生长和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 191-197.

Jiayu HU, Yang YANG, Hongyan ZHANG, Bingyang GAO, Linglu WANG, Junying YAN, Xiaomei SUN, Yanan ZHAO, Youliang YE. Effect of Topdressing Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Intercropped Peanut with Wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 191-197.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	下针期 Needling stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK	20.2±1.04 c	26.7±1.13 c	32.3±3.06 b	50.3±7.23 b	53.3±2.25 ab
AN	23.8±1.04 b	28.2±4.13 bc	33.5±1.64 b	58.3±5.57 ab	58.3±5.46 ab
AS	22.6±1.9 b	28.2±1.45 bc	31.5±3.16 b	54.7±6.71 ab	58.8±5.58 ab
CAN	23.0±1.79 b	33.3±4.59 a	33.3±4.59 b	53.1±5.65 ab	50.6±1.91 b
UR	26.1±1.75 a	31.8±3.23 ab	37.3±3.00 a	57.0±7.29 ab	60.8±4.45 ab
UHA	22.6±1.14 b	28.8±3.83 bc	29.7±2.33 c	61.3±1.85 a	57.3±3.88 ab
SRU	22.0±1.71 bc	29.5±1.65 bc	34.4±1.32 ab	60.0±6.24 ab	63.9±6.26 a

处理 Treatment	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	下针期 Needling stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK	20.2±1.04 c	26.7±1.13 c	32.3±3.06 b	50.3±7.23 b	53.3±2.25 ab
AN	23.8±1.04 b	28.2±4.13 bc	33.5±1.64 b	58.3±5.57 ab	58.3±5.46 ab
AS	22.6±1.9 b	28.2±1.45 bc	31.5±3.16 b	54.7±6.71 ab	58.8±5.58 ab
CAN	23.0±1.79 b	33.3±4.59 a	33.3±4.59 b	53.1±5.65 ab	50.6±1.91 b
UR	26.1±1.75 a	31.8±3.23 ab	37.3±3.00 a	57.0±7.29 ab	60.8±4.45 ab
UHA	22.6±1.14 b	28.8±3.83 bc	29.7±2.33 c	61.3±1.85 a	57.3±3.88 ab
SRU	22.0±1.71 bc	29.5±1.65 bc	34.4±1.32 ab	60.0±6.24 ab	63.9±6.26 a

处理 Treatment	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	下针期 Needling stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK	7.8±1.6 b	9.5±1.9 a	9.5±1.4 b	8.5±2.7 b	9.6±2.4 a
AN	10.4±0.5 ab	9.8±1.5 a	12.5±2.8 a	10.0±2.3 a	11.2±2.3 a
AS	9.6±2.6 ab	9.3±1.4 a	10.2±0.8 b	10.0±1.3 a	11.8±1.8 a
CAN	8.2±2.8 ab	9.3±1.5 a	9.7±1.9 b	10.5±1.4 a	10.0±1.5 a
UR	10.8±0.8 a	10.5±1.4 a	10.8±1.5 ab	10.2±1.5 a	10.0±1.7 a
UHA	8.8±2.3 ab	9.0±2.9 a	10.0±2.3 b	10.8±2.8 a	10.0±1.5 a
SRU	8.6±1.9 ab	10.8±2.1 a	11.3±1.2 ab	10.0±2.0 a	10.2±2.4 a

处理 Treatment	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	下针期 Needling stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK	7.8±1.6 b	9.5±1.9 a	9.5±1.4 b	8.5±2.7 b	9.6±2.4 a
AN	10.4±0.5 ab	9.8±1.5 a	12.5±2.8 a	10.0±2.3 a	11.2±2.3 a
AS	9.6±2.6 ab	9.3±1.4 a	10.2±0.8 b	10.0±1.3 a	11.8±1.8 a
CAN	8.2±2.8 ab	9.3±1.5 a	9.7±1.9 b	10.5±1.4 a	10.0±1.5 a
UR	10.8±0.8 a	10.5±1.4 a	10.8±1.5 ab	10.2±1.5 a	10.0±1.7 a
UHA	8.8±2.3 ab	9.0±2.9 a	10.0±2.3 b	10.8±2.8 a	10.0±1.5 a
SRU	8.6±1.9 ab	10.8±2.1 a	11.3±1.2 ab	10.0±2.0 a	10.2±2.4 a

处理 Treatment	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	下针期 Needling stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK	33.2±6.4 a	49.3±9.2 a	66.3±9.4 ab	80.8±16.6 a	74.2±10.0 ab
AN	34.0±4.1 a	49.2±9.2 a	73.0±11.3 a	84.8±12.3 a	79.2±14.3 ab
AS	29.4±9.7 a	38.2±8.1 ab	57.3±4.8 bc	84.5±17.9 a	89.5±12.5 a
CAN	30.3±9.4 a	31.0±5.5 b	56.2±5.0 bc	92.8±5.5 a	72.2±14.4 ab
UR	39.4±5.6 a	41.5±4.8 ab	69.2±12.1 ab	82.8±10.4 a	75.8±8.0 ab
UHA	39.0±9.7 a	44.8±4.3 a	51.8±8.9 c	87.4±9.3 a	64.2±8.5 b
SRU	35.8±5.9 a	43.8±7.8 a	71.0±5.2 a	84.0±16.1 a	66.5±14.5 ab

施用不同品种氮肥对麦套花生生长和产量的影响

Effect of Topdressing Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Intercropped Peanut with Wheat

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