中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 57-68.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0191

• 生物技术 生命科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

烯效唑复配不同外源物质对棉花化学封顶及产量品质的影响

王为1(), 赵强1,2(), 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼1, 阿里木·阿木力null1, 李欣欣1, 田阳青1   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-15 接受日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵强
  • 作者简介:王为 E-mail:2467753962@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(2520ZZQZD);新疆农三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(CG2021ZH09);新疆农业大学研究生创新项目(XJAUGR12021010)

Effects of Different Exogenous Substances on Chemical Capping and Yield and Quality of Cotton

Wei WANG1(), Qiang ZHAO1,2(), Abuduaini Munire·1, Alimu·Amuli1, Xinxin LI1, Yangqing TIAN1   

  1. 1.Agricultural College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Xinjiang Engineering and Technology Research Center of Crop Chemical Regulation; Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
  • Received:2022-03-15 Accepted:2022-04-12 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
  • Contact: Qiang ZHAO

摘要:

为研究烯效唑复配不同外源物质(胺鲜脂、噻苯隆、调环酸钙、缩节胺)对棉花化学封顶及增产提质的调控效应,以新陆中84号棉花品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,于化学封顶前(7月5日)和化学打顶时(7月15日)进行叶面喷施,测定棉株株型、光合作用、干物质积累与分配及产量和品质指标。结果表明,各处理间棉花株高均无显著差异,而化学封顶后棉花的株宽均有所减小,但主茎叶片数和果枝数均有一定程度增加。稀效唑复配处理可以有效改善棉株的冠层结构,其中烯效唑复配噻苯隆处理的棉花叶面积指数和冠层开度在各个时期均最高,平均叶倾角在花铃期较人工打顶对照增加了3.21%。稀效唑复配处理可以有效促进叶片光合作用,其中烯效唑复配噻苯隆处理棉花的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度均最高,较人工打顶对照分别增加了87.54%、90.12%、170.03%和27.77%,且其单株生殖器官干物质总重也最高,达到62.19 g,较人工打顶对照增加了28.04%。该研究最优搭配为烯效唑复配噻苯隆(W2)处理,其单株结铃数5.43、单铃重6.24 g、籽棉产量7 330.29 kg·hm-2、皮棉产量3 302.87 kg·hm-2,且对纤维品质影响最小。结果为新疆棉花的全程机械化进程提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 棉花, 烯效唑, 化学封顶, 冠层结构, 光合特性, 产量品质

Abstract:

In order to study the specific regulation effect of dinoconazole compounded with different exogenous substances (amine fresh fat, thidiazuron, prohexadione calcium, and parsamine) on cotton chemical capping and yield enhancement and quality improvement, Xinluzhong 84 was used as test material, and a randomized block design was used. Foliar spraying was carried out before chemical topping (July 5) and during chemical topping (July 15) to determine the plant type, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality of cotton. The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant height among the treatments, while the plant width of cotton decreased after chemical capping, but the number of leaves and fruit branches on the main stem increased to a certain extent. The compound treatment of diluconazole could effectively improve the canopy structure of cotton plants. Among them, the leaf area index and canopy opening degree of diconazole compound treatment with thidiazuron were the highest in each period, and the average leaf inclination angle was higher than that in artificial boll stage. The topping control increased by 3.21%. Diluconazole compound treatment could effectively promote leaf photosynthesis, among which the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration showed the highest performance, which increased by 87.54%, 90.12%, 170.03% and 27.77%, respectively, compared with the manual topping photos. And the total dry matter weight of reproductive organs per plant was also the highest, reaching 62.19 g, an increase of 28.04% compared with the artificial topping control. The optimal combination in this study was the treatment of uniconazole combined with thidiazuron (W2), the number of bolls per plant was 5.43, the weight per boll was 6.24 g, the yield of seed cotton was 7 330.29 kg·hm-2, and the yield of lint cotton was 3 302.87 kg·hm-2. The highest and the least impact on fiber quality.The results provided theoretical basis and practical reference for the whole process of cotton mechanization in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton, uniconazole, chemical capping, canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality

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