果园生草对中国果树-土壤系统生产性能影响的Meta分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果园生草在改善果园环境、土壤生态、果树生理等方面具有重要作用。采用Meta分析方法，搜集2000—2022年669组数据，定量分析了果园生草对果实产量、果实品质、果园发病率、土壤理化性状及微生物多样性等的影响。结果表明，果园生草能显著提高果实产量（11.9%），但对处于低温区域（年均气温低于10 ℃）、土壤偏碱（pH>7）、有效磷含量较低（<5 mg·kg^-1）或偏高（>40 mg·kg^-1）及土壤速效钾含量较高（≥100 mg·kg^-1）的果园无显著影响。草种类、土壤速效钾含量及果园类型是果园增产效应的关键影响因素，贡献率达到17.4%、9.8%、9.7%。果园生草提高了果实品质，显著降低了果园的发病率。果园生草显著提高了果园土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效铜、有效猛、有效镁含量。在果园0—20 cm土层，生草增加了土壤含水量、孔隙度，提升了土壤关键酶活性、微生物数量、碳氮量及群落多样性。结果表明，果园生草在改善果树-土壤系统生产性能中具有积极作用，是实现果园绿色可持续发展的有效措施。

关键词: 果园生草, 产量, 品质, 土壤理化性质, 土壤微生物, Meta分析

Abstract:

Sod culture plays an important role in improving orchard environment， soil ecology， and fruit physiology， however， the effects of orchard green manure on fruit yield and quality， and soil parameters are still not clear. By collecting 669 sets of data， the effects of grassing on fruit yield and its influencing factors， and the response of fruit quality， disease incidence， soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity to sod culture were studied by Meta analysis. The results showed that grass growing significantly increased fruit yield （11.9%）， for the orchard located in the area where the yearly average temperature lower than 10 ℃， or the soil pH higher than 7， or the soil available P content lower than 5 mg·kg^-1or higher than 40 mg·kg^-1， or the soil available K content higher than 100 mg·kg^-1， grass growing had no significant effects on fruit yield. Grass kinds， available K content and orchard type were the major factors impacting the yield response， which accounting for 17.4%， 9.8% and 9.7% of the relative influence， respectively. In addition， fruit quality was improved and the incidence rate was reduced by grass growing. Orchards grassing system also led to an increase in soil organic matter and nutrients content. In 0-20 cm depth， soil water content， soil porosity， key enzyme activities， soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content， the number of bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes， and the microbial Shannon index and richness were also increased significantly. Therefore， due to its significant positive role in improving the productivity of orchard-soil system， sod culture in orchard is one of the effective measures to achieve the green sustainable development of orchard in the future.

Key words: sod culture in orchard, yield, quality, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microorganism, Meta-analysis

中图分类号:

S181

高丽敏, 顾泽辰, 贡雪菲, 崔联明, 郭东森, 周影, 王琳, 魏启舜. 果园生草对中国果树-土壤系统生产性能影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 184-194.

Limin GAO, Zechen GU, Xuefei GONG, Lianming CUI, Dongsen GUO, Ying ZHOU, Lin WANG, Qishun WEI. Effects of Grass Growing on the Productivity of Orchard-Soil System in China： A Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 184-194.

图/表 8

图1 果园生草对果实产量的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 1 Effects of sod culture on fruit yieldNote：n is numbers of experimental observation.

图2 不同因素对生草增产效应的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of different factors on increase of yield of orchard grass growing

图3 果园生草对果实品质及发病率的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 3 Effect of orchard grass growing on fruit quality and incidence rateNote：n is numbers of experimental observation.

图4 果园生草对果园0—20 cm土壤理化性质的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 4 Effect of orchard grass growing on 0—20 cm soil physical and chemical propertiesNote：n is numbers of experimental observation.

图5 果园生草对果园20—40 cm土壤理化性质的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 5 Effect of orchard grass growing on 20—40 cm soil physical and chemical propertiesNote：n is numbers of experimental observation.

图6 果园生草对果树40—60 cm土壤理化性质的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 6 Effect of orchard grass growing on 40—60 cm soil physical and chemical propertiesNote：n is numbers of experimental observation.

图7 果园生草对果园土壤酶活性的影响效应注：n为观察样本量。

Fig. 7 Effect of orchard grass growing on soil enzyme activity．Note：n is numbers of experimental observation

图8 果园生草对果园土壤微生物碳氮及多样性的影响效应

Fig. 8 Effect of orchard grass growing on soil Cmic， Nmic and microbial diversity．

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