69份小麦种质资源的综合性评价

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0583

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解国内外小麦种质的遗传多样性特征，综合分析其利用价值，以黄淮麦区新育的41份小麦品种（系）和从国际小麦玉米改良中心（International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center，CIMMYT）引进的28份小麦种质为材料，对株高、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等11个主要农艺和产量性状以及籽粒蛋白含量、面筋含量、沉降值等6个品质指标进行综合分析与评价。结果表明，69份小麦种质资源具有丰富的表型多样性。11个农艺和产量性状的变异系数为11.87%~57.86%，平均22.00%，多样性指数为1.83~2.09，平均2.00；6个品质性状的变异系数为1.61%~13.21%，平均6.10%，低于农艺和产量性状，多样性指数为1.83~2.06，平均1.98。主成分分析共提取到6个主成分，累积贡献率为80.27%，代表了69份种质资源的绝大部分信息，株高、生物量、产量、品质和旗叶性状可作为资源优良评判的主要指标。综合得分（F值）表明，CIMMYT18、CIMMYT5、CIMMYT7及西农1125、新麦58等综合表现优异；引进种质资源的评分整体较高，排名前25位的均为引进种质，表明其可利用价值高，应用前景较大。聚类分析将69份小麦种质资源划分为4个类群，聚类结果与种质的亲本来源关系紧密，类群间的农艺和产量性状差异较大。类群Ⅳ包含黄淮麦区品种5份、CIMMYT种质17份，表现为吸水率、蛋白质含量、面筋含量、硬度、沉降值均较高。以上研究结果明确了69份小麦种质的遗传多样性特点，以及其在农艺、产量及品质方面的利用价值，为小麦新品种的选育和遗传多样性的拓展提供理论依据。

关键词: 黄淮麦区, CIMMYT, 资源评价, 农艺性状, 品质性状

Abstract:

In order to clarify the genetic differences and characteristics of wheat germplasms at home and abroad， and analyze their utilization efficiency， 41 new wheat varieties （lines） in Huang-Huai wheat region and 28 wheat resources introduced from CIMMYT （International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center） were taking as materials. 11 agronomic and yield traits including plant height， tiller number per plant， kernels per spike， 1 000-kernel weight， yield per plant， etc.， and 6 grain quality traits including protein， gluten， etc.， were comprehensively evaluated. 69 varieties were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that 69 wheat germplasm resources had abundant phenotypic diversity. The variation coefficient of agronomic and yield traits ranged from 11.87% to 57.86%， with an average of 22.00%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.83 to 2.09， with an average of 2.00. The variation coefficient of quality traits ranged from 1.61% to 13.21%， with an average value of 6.10%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.83 to 2.06， with an average value of 1.98. The principal component analysis showed that the accumulating contribution rate of 6 principal components was 80.27%， which represented 80.27% of the total amount of information， and plant height， biomass， yield， quality and flag leaf could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the quality of resources. The comprehensive score （F value） showed that some excellent germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance were screened， such as CIMMYT18， CIMMYT5， CIMMYT7， Xinong 1125 and Xinmai 58 etc.；the scores of imported resources were higher than those of wheat varieties （lines） from Huang-Huai region， and the germplasms ranking 1 to 25 were imported resources， which had high utilizable value and great application prospect. The 69 wheat germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups， which the clustering results were closely related to the parental origin of the germplasm， and there were obvious differences among the various groups. Group Ⅳincluded 5 varieties in Huang-Huai region and 17 CIMMYT resources， which displayed high water absorption， protein content， gluten content， hardness and settlement value. Above results showed that 69 wheat germplasm had the genetic diversity characteristics， and the utilization value in agronomy， yield and quality， which provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of new wheat varieties and the expansion of genetic diversity.

Key words: Huang-Huai wheat region, CIMMYT, resources evaluation, agronomic traits, quality

中图分类号:

S512.1

金艳, 宋全昊, 宋佳静, 陈亮, 赵立尚, 陈杰, 白冬, 朱统泉. 69份小麦种质资源的综合性评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 33-45.

Yan JIN, Quanhao SONG, Jiajing SONG, Liang CHEN, Lishang ZHAO, Jie CHEN, Dong BAI, Tongquan ZHU. Comprehensive Evaluation of 69 Wheat Germplasm Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 33-45.

图/表 8

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编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）	编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）	编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）
1	豫农905 Yunong 905	24	天民360 Tianmin 360	47	CIMMYT6
2	中植麦16 Zhongzhimai 16	25	存麦29 Cunmai 29	48	CIMMYT7
3	豫农903 Yunong 903	26	豫农907 Yunong 907	49	CIMMYT8
4	瑞华519 Ruihua 519	27	永丰206 Yongfeng 206	50	CIMMYT9
5	泛麦27 Fanmai 27	28	天益科麦11 Tianyikemai 11	51	CIMMYT 10
6	泛麦26 Fanmai 26	29	安科1907 Anke 1907	52	CIMMYT 11
7	西农1125 Xinong 1125	30	豫农920 Yunong 920	53	CIMMYT 12
8	安科1605 Anke 1605	31	郑麦827 Zhengmai 827	54	CIMMYT 13
9	泛育麦32 Fanyumai 32	32	郑麦828 Zhengmai 828	55	CIMMYT 14
10	新麦58 Xinmai 58	33	豫州121 Yuzhou 121	56	CIMMYT 15
11	豫农优9号Yunongyou 9	34	郑麦823 Zhengmai 823	57	CIMMYT 16
12	驻麦562 Zhumai 562	35	郑麦518 Zhengmai 518	58	CIMMYT 17
13	西农926 Xinong 926	36	豫农911 Yunong 911	59	CIMMYT 18
14	郑麦181 Zhengmai 181	37	郑麦21 Zhengmai 21	60	CIMMYT 19
15	淮麦40 Huaimai 40	38	驻麦328 Zhumai 328	61	CIMMYT 20
16	郑研麦182 Zhengyanmai 182	39	驻麦305 Zhumai 305	62	CIMMYT 21
17	许科108 Xuke 108	40	驻麦762 Zhumai 762	63	CIMMYT 22
18	周麦18 Zhoumai 18	41	驻麦586 Zhumai 586	64	CIMMYT 23
19	驻麦591 Zhumai 591	42	CIMMYT 1	65	CIMMYT 24
20	郑麦113 Zhengmai 113	43	CIMMYT 2	66	CIMMYT 25
21	周麦36 Zhoumai 36	44	CIMMYT 3	67	CIMMYT 26
22	西农633 Xinong 633	45	CIMMYT 4	68	CIMMYT 27
23	安科1901 Anke 1901	46	CIMMYT 5	69	CIMMYT 28

编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）	编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）	编号 Code	品种（系） Variety （line）
1	豫农905 Yunong 905	24	天民360 Tianmin 360	47	CIMMYT6
2	中植麦16 Zhongzhimai 16	25	存麦29 Cunmai 29	48	CIMMYT7
3	豫农903 Yunong 903	26	豫农907 Yunong 907	49	CIMMYT8
4	瑞华519 Ruihua 519	27	永丰206 Yongfeng 206	50	CIMMYT9
5	泛麦27 Fanmai 27	28	天益科麦11 Tianyikemai 11	51	CIMMYT 10
6	泛麦26 Fanmai 26	29	安科1907 Anke 1907	52	CIMMYT 11
7	西农1125 Xinong 1125	30	豫农920 Yunong 920	53	CIMMYT 12
8	安科1605 Anke 1605	31	郑麦827 Zhengmai 827	54	CIMMYT 13
9	泛育麦32 Fanyumai 32	32	郑麦828 Zhengmai 828	55	CIMMYT 14
10	新麦58 Xinmai 58	33	豫州121 Yuzhou 121	56	CIMMYT 15
11	豫农优9号Yunongyou 9	34	郑麦823 Zhengmai 823	57	CIMMYT 16
12	驻麦562 Zhumai 562	35	郑麦518 Zhengmai 518	58	CIMMYT 17
13	西农926 Xinong 926	36	豫农911 Yunong 911	59	CIMMYT 18
14	郑麦181 Zhengmai 181	37	郑麦21 Zhengmai 21	60	CIMMYT 19
15	淮麦40 Huaimai 40	38	驻麦328 Zhumai 328	61	CIMMYT 20
16	郑研麦182 Zhengyanmai 182	39	驻麦305 Zhumai 305	62	CIMMYT 21
17	许科108 Xuke 108	40	驻麦762 Zhumai 762	63	CIMMYT 22
18	周麦18 Zhoumai 18	41	驻麦586 Zhumai 586	64	CIMMYT 23
19	驻麦591 Zhumai 591	42	CIMMYT 1	65	CIMMYT 24
20	郑麦113 Zhengmai 113	43	CIMMYT 2	66	CIMMYT 25
21	周麦36 Zhoumai 36	44	CIMMYT 3	67	CIMMYT 26
22	西农633 Xinong 633	45	CIMMYT 4	68	CIMMYT 27
23	安科1901 Anke 1901	46	CIMMYT 5	69	CIMMYT 28

性状 Trait	年份 Year	最小值 Minmum	最大值 Maxmum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变幅 Range	变异系数 Variable coefficient	多样性指数 Diversity index
株高PH/cm	2020—2021	54.70	101.80	74.50	13.53	47.10	18.16%	1.83
株高PH/cm	2021—2022	51.50	102.75	74.77	13.43	51.25	17.96%	1.92
穗下节PL/cm	2020—2021	12.45	38.25	24.84	5.55	25.80	22.36%	2.05
穗下节PL/cm	2021—2022	13.80	37.60	24.69	5.50	23.80	22.28%	2.01
穗下茎UL/cm	2020—2021	1.35	17.42	6.95	3.75	16.07	53.95%	1.86
穗下茎UL/cm	2021—2022	1.27	17.25	7.00	4.05	15.98	57.86%	1.85
旗叶长FL/cm	2020—2021	11.00	28.04	19.19	3.93	17.04	20.49%	2.06
旗叶长FL/cm	2021—2022	11.88	28.35	19.29	4.03	16.47	20.89%	2.06
旗叶宽FW/cm	2020—2021	1.40	2.52	1.97	0.23	1.12	11.87%	1.98
旗叶宽FW/cm	2021—2022	1.33	2.63	1.98	0.29	1.30	14.65%	2.01
穗粒数KPS	2020—2021	32.00	78.50	53.59	9.85	46.50	18.38%	2.09
穗粒数KPS	2021—2022	32.50	78.00	53.49	9.95	45.50	18.60%	2.07
穗长EL/cm	2020—2021	7.13	14.70	10.25	1.62	7.57	15.76%	1.99
穗长EL/cm	2021—2022	6.75	15.95	10.28	1.76	9.20	17.12%	2.07
分蘖TN	2020—2021	51.50	117.00	79.52	14.81	65.50	18.63%	2.01
分蘖TN	2021—2022	50.50	123.00	79.95	14.99	72.50	18.75%	2.02
单株生物量B/g	2020—2021	177.65	463.70	320.85	70.35	286.05	21.93%	2.04
单株生物量B/g	2021—2022	182.45	494.50	321.26	71.46	312.05	22.24%	2.05
单株产量Y/g	2020—2021	66.68	214.36	134.34	32.23	147.68	23.99%	2.04
单株产量Y/g	2021—2022	57.68	209.36	134.69	32.22	151.68	23.92%	2.08
千粒重TKW/g	2020—2021	27.65	50.72	41.45	5.01	23.07	12.09%	1.98
千粒重TKW/g	2021—2022	27.62	50.84	41.45	5.05	23.22	12.18%	1.98
水分M/%	2020—2021	12.62	13.51	13.10	0.22	0.89	1.69%	2.05
水分M/%	2021—2022	12.61	13.48	13.08	0.21	0.87	1.61%	2.03
吸水率A/%	2020—2021	53.50	63.75	59.89	2.25	10.25	3.75%	1.99
吸水率A/%	2021—2022	53.75	63.60	59.93	2.24	9.85	3.74%	2.01
蛋白质P/%	2020—2021	10.99	14.78	12.91	0.70	3.79	5.43%	1.84
蛋白质P/%	2021—2022	11.00	14.91	12.91	0.71	3.91	5.50%	1.83
面筋G/%	2020—2021	23.56	31.88	27.84	1.60	8.32	5.75%	2.02
面筋G/%	2021—2022	23.69	31.73	27.75	1.62	8.04	5.84%	2.03
硬度H	2020—2021	51.00	71.50	62.99	4.40	20.50	6.98%	1.92
硬度H	2021—2022	51.00	70.50	63.16	4.25	19.50	6.73%	1.92
沉降值S/mL	2020—2021	20.70	37.55	29.30	3.87	16.85	13.21%	2.01
沉降值S/mL	2021—2022	19.65	37.65	29.58	3.85	18.00	13.02%	2.06

性状 Trait	年份 Year	最小值 Minmum	最大值 Maxmum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变幅 Range	变异系数 Variable coefficient	多样性指数 Diversity index
株高PH/cm	2020—2021	54.70	101.80	74.50	13.53	47.10	18.16%	1.83
株高PH/cm	2021—2022	51.50	102.75	74.77	13.43	51.25	17.96%	1.92
穗下节PL/cm	2020—2021	12.45	38.25	24.84	5.55	25.80	22.36%	2.05
穗下节PL/cm	2021—2022	13.80	37.60	24.69	5.50	23.80	22.28%	2.01
穗下茎UL/cm	2020—2021	1.35	17.42	6.95	3.75	16.07	53.95%	1.86
穗下茎UL/cm	2021—2022	1.27	17.25	7.00	4.05	15.98	57.86%	1.85
旗叶长FL/cm	2020—2021	11.00	28.04	19.19	3.93	17.04	20.49%	2.06
旗叶长FL/cm	2021—2022	11.88	28.35	19.29	4.03	16.47	20.89%	2.06
旗叶宽FW/cm	2020—2021	1.40	2.52	1.97	0.23	1.12	11.87%	1.98
旗叶宽FW/cm	2021—2022	1.33	2.63	1.98	0.29	1.30	14.65%	2.01
穗粒数KPS	2020—2021	32.00	78.50	53.59	9.85	46.50	18.38%	2.09
穗粒数KPS	2021—2022	32.50	78.00	53.49	9.95	45.50	18.60%	2.07
穗长EL/cm	2020—2021	7.13	14.70	10.25	1.62	7.57	15.76%	1.99
穗长EL/cm	2021—2022	6.75	15.95	10.28	1.76	9.20	17.12%	2.07
分蘖TN	2020—2021	51.50	117.00	79.52	14.81	65.50	18.63%	2.01
分蘖TN	2021—2022	50.50	123.00	79.95	14.99	72.50	18.75%	2.02
单株生物量B/g	2020—2021	177.65	463.70	320.85	70.35	286.05	21.93%	2.04
单株生物量B/g	2021—2022	182.45	494.50	321.26	71.46	312.05	22.24%	2.05
单株产量Y/g	2020—2021	66.68	214.36	134.34	32.23	147.68	23.99%	2.04
单株产量Y/g	2021—2022	57.68	209.36	134.69	32.22	151.68	23.92%	2.08
千粒重TKW/g	2020—2021	27.65	50.72	41.45	5.01	23.07	12.09%	1.98
千粒重TKW/g	2021—2022	27.62	50.84	41.45	5.05	23.22	12.18%	1.98
水分M/%	2020—2021	12.62	13.51	13.10	0.22	0.89	1.69%	2.05
水分M/%	2021—2022	12.61	13.48	13.08	0.21	0.87	1.61%	2.03
吸水率A/%	2020—2021	53.50	63.75	59.89	2.25	10.25	3.75%	1.99
吸水率A/%	2021—2022	53.75	63.60	59.93	2.24	9.85	3.74%	2.01
蛋白质P/%	2020—2021	10.99	14.78	12.91	0.70	3.79	5.43%	1.84
蛋白质P/%	2021—2022	11.00	14.91	12.91	0.71	3.91	5.50%	1.83
面筋G/%	2020—2021	23.56	31.88	27.84	1.60	8.32	5.75%	2.02
面筋G/%	2021—2022	23.69	31.73	27.75	1.62	8.04	5.84%	2.03
硬度H	2020—2021	51.00	71.50	62.99	4.40	20.50	6.98%	1.92
硬度H	2021—2022	51.00	70.50	63.16	4.25	19.50	6.73%	1.92
沉降值S/mL	2020—2021	20.70	37.55	29.30	3.87	16.85	13.21%	2.01
沉降值S/mL	2021—2022	19.65	37.65	29.58	3.85	18.00	13.02%	2.06

性状 Trait	株高 PH	穗下节 PL	穗下茎 UL	旗叶长 FL	旗叶宽 FW	穗粒数KPS	穗长 EL	分蘖 TN	单株生物量 B	单株产量 Y	千粒重TKW	水分 M	吸水率 A	蛋白质 P	面筋 G	硬度 H
穗下节PL	0.794^**
穗下茎UL	0.788^**	0.896^**
旗叶长FL	0.047	0.315^**	0.238^*
旗叶宽FW	-0.419^**	-0.216	-0.204	0.247^*
穗粒数KPS	0.054	-0.036	-0.122	0.034	0.288^*
穗长EL	0.616^**	0.488^**	0.393^**	0.141	-0.049	0.453^**
分蘖TN	-0.013	-0.163	-0.193	-0.254^*	0.097	0.150	0.018
单株生物量B	0.223	0.129	0.096	-0.074	0.155	0.314^**	0.327^**	0.663^**
单株产量Y	0.109	0.063	0.062	0.049	0.226	0.338^**	0.231	0.574^**	0.832^**
千粒重TKW	0.055	0.090	0.103	0.087	-0.017	-0.074	0.220	-0.247^*	0.102	0.203
水分M	-0.256^*	-0.236	-0.203	-0.305^*	-0.009	0.011	-0.099	0.205	0.057	-0.049	-0.033
吸水率A	0.233	0.203	0.238^*	-0.031	-0.102	-0.051	0.107	0.048	0.176	0.001	-0.130	-0.045
蛋白质P	0.500^**	0.453^**	0.475^**	0.153	-0.209	0.147	0.332^**	-0.118	0.085	0.040	0.156	-0.335^**	0.045
面筋G	0.475^**	0.448^**	0.468^**	0.170	-0.218	0.182	0.329^**	-0.151	0.088	0.020	0.090	-0.245^*	0.209	0.944^**
硬度H	0.134	0.107	0.146	-0.088	-0.059	-0.100	0.013	0.040	0.036	-0.083	-0.210	-0.083	0.915^**	-0.167	-0.021
沉降值S	0.751^**	0.654^**	0.663^**	0.063	-0.303^*	0.111	0.497^**	-0.090	0.168	0.069	0.109	-0.261^*	0.429^**	0.717^**	0.699^**	0.265^*