基于SSR和SRAP标记小麦资源遗传多样性及农艺性状分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0962

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究宁夏小麦品种资源遗传多样性，对251份国内外小麦品种资源的农艺和品质性状进行鉴定，并利用47对SSR（simple sequence repeat）和25对SRAP（sequence-related amplified polymorphism）引物对其进行分子标记分析。结果表明，47对SSR引物共检测到234个等位变异，等位变异数和多态性信息量（polymorphism information content， PIC）的变幅分别为3～11和0.097～0.862，平均值分别为4.979和0.652；25对SRAP引物共检测到342个等位变异，等位变异数、PIC的变幅分别为6～21、0.651～0.932，平均值分别为13.680、0.826，表明251份小麦品种资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。2种分子标记的72对引物将251份小麦品种资源聚为4个类群，类群Ⅰ～Ⅳ分别包括100、39、81和31份材料，不同类群间存在明显差异，其中，类群Ⅰ的平均穗长、结实数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、出粉率、容重、硬度指数均最高，水分含量最低；类群Ⅳ的平均穗下茎长、小穗数、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、沉降值均最高，表明类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅳ分别为产量与蛋白质性状的优异类群，为宁夏小麦遗传改良及新品种选育提供了理论指导。

关键词: 小麦, 遗传多样性, 分子标记, 农艺性状, 品质性状

Abstract:

In order to enrich the genetic diversity of wheat cultivar resources in Ningxia， 251 wheat cultivar resources at home and abroad were as materials. The agronomic traits and quality traits were determined， and the genetic diversity of DNA level were analyzed using 47 pairs of SSR （simple sequence repeat） and 25 pairs of SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） markers. The results showed that 234 alleles were detected by 47 pairs of SSR primers， and the number of alleles and polymorphism information content （PIC） per primer were 3～11， 0.097～0.862 with the average 4.979 and 0.652， respectively. And 342 alleles were detected by 25 pairs of SRAP primers， and the number of alleles and PIC were 6～21， 0.651～0.932 with the average 13.680 and 0.826， respectively. It showed that 251 wheat cultivar resources contained the rich genetic diversity. The clustering analysis based on 72 pairs of primers of two types of markers divided 251 wheat cultivar resources into 4 groups， and the agronomic and quality traits of each group were analyzed. Group Ⅰ～Ⅳ included 100， 39， 81， and 31 varieties， respectively， and there were obviously differences among different groups. Group I showed the lowest moisture content and the highest in the average ear length， fertile spikelet， kernels per spike， grain weight per spike， thousand kernels weight， flour yield， volume weight， hardness index. Group Ⅳ showed the highest in the average ear stem length， spikelet number， crude protein content， wet gluten content， water absorptionand sedimentation value. It showed that group Ⅰ and Ⅳ were excellent groups of yield and protein traits， respectively， which provided theoretical guidance for genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties of wheat in Ningxia.

Key words: wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, genetic diversity, molecular marker, agronomic trait, quality trait

中图分类号:

S512

许娜丽, 余慧霞, 姚明明, 王彦青, 李清峰, 刘彩霞, 孙刚, 陈佳静, 龙姣卉, 王掌军. 基于SSR和SRAP标记小麦资源遗传多样性及农艺性状分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(3): 30-46.

Nali XU, Huixia YU, Mingming YAO, Yanqing WANG, Qingfeng LI, Caixia LIU, Gang SUN, Jiajing CHEN, Jiaohui LONG, Zhangjun WANG. Analysis of Genetic Diversity Based on SSR and SRAP Markers and Agronomic Traits of Wheat Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(3): 30-46.

图/表 13

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标记类型 Marker type	编号Code	引物序列Sequence of primer （5’-3’）
SSR标记 SSR marker	Xbarc105	F：CAGGAAGAAAAGGAAAGCATGCGACAA	R：GCGGTGTGGCAATAATTACTTTTT
	Xmag694	F：TGCACTGCAAACACAGAGGAAG	R：CTGCTCATGGGCACGAAATC
	Xwmc256	F：CCAAATCTTCGAACAAGAACCC	R：ACCGATCGATGGTGTATACTGA
	Xpsp3071	F：CGTGCCCTACACCTCCTTTTCTCTC	R：TCCGTACATACTCCGGGAGACC
	Xgwm47	F：TTGCTACCATGCATGACCAT	R：TTCACCTCGATTGAGGTCCT
	Xbarc220	F：CCTCTGCCATAAACATCACCTCTC	R：GGCCTCAACATCATGTGAAAGA
	Xgpw3087	F：CTCTAAGAAGTCCAATGCAACA	R：AATTGCAGAAACTGGATGCC
	Xgpw2277	F：TCAGAAGAGCGATGAGATAGAAA	R：GCCATTTTTAGGGCTCAGTG
	Xbarc287	F：CGGATGGGTTACTTACTTAGGATG	R：CGCAACTCCATTTCAGAATCATT
	Xwmc385	F：GAAATGGCAATGGACTCAC	R：CCATCATATCCCTAGCACAA
	Xwmc170	F：ACATCCACGTTTATGTTGTTGC	R：TTGGTTGCTCAACGTTTACTTC
	Xbarc201	F：GCGTTACTAGCCCAGGATTTACATT	R：GCGTCGATGTGAGTAGCGGGAAAC
SSR标记 SSR marker	Xbarc78	F：CTCCCCGGTCAAGTTTAATCTCT	R：GCGACATGGGAATTTCAGAAGTGCCTAA
	Xwmc420	F：ATCGTCAACAAAATCTGAAGTG	R：TTACTTTTGCTGAGAAAACCCT
	Xbarc106	F：GCCCTCAAATAATTACGCCAATCCCTATG	R：GCGTCAAGATCAGAAGGCATCCTATTATTG
	Xbarc64	F：GCGGAGTCTGCAATTAGTATAGGTAT	R：GCATCCACCTCCGCAGTCAGT
	Xgpw2107	F：CGTGAGGCATGTGAGAAGAA	R：TTGAGGAACATGGCTAAGGG
	Xbarc80	F：GCGAATTAGCATCTGCATCTGTTTGAG	R：CGGTCAACCAACTACTGCACAAC
	Xwmc627	F：GATCCGAGAAGGGCAATGGTAG	R：AGCAACAGCAGCGTACCATAAA
	Xwmc54	F：TATTGTGCAATCGCAGCATCTC	R：TGCGACATTGGCAACCACTTCT
	Xcfd54	F：TCGTTCCAAAATGCATGAAA	R：AAGGGCCAGAAATCTGTGTG
	Xbarc198	F：CGCTGAAAAGAAGTGCCGCATTATGA	R：CGCTGCCTTTTCTGGATTGCTTGTCA
	Xbarc137	F：GGCCCATTTCCCACTTTCCA	R：CCAGCCCCTCTACACATTTT
	Xbarc114	F：GGGTATCACGCATTGTAAAATCCGAAA	R：GCTGACTTCCGCAAATGCCATTCGCTGAT
	Xbarc160	F：GGTTGTTCCTAGGAAATTTCTATAATAACTG	R：GCGACTTTCATGATCAAGATGGCATC
	Xgwm144	F：TTTGCTGTGGTACGAAACATAC	R：ACTCACAAATGTCTAATAAAAC
	Xwmc657	F：CGGGCTGCGGGGGTAT	R：CGGTTGGGTCATTTGTCTCA
	XbarcM172	F：GCGAAATGTGATGGGGTTTATCTA	R：GCGATTTGATTTAACTTTAGCAGTGAG
	Xbarc61	F：TGCATACATTGATTCATAACTCTCT	R：TCTTCGAGCGTTATGATTGAT
	XbarcM156	F：CGCATCGAGGTCTTCCCCGCTGTCCAA	R：CGCACCCACACATGTATCTGAGTTTCCTA
	XbarcM160	F：GGTTGTTCCTAGGAAATTTCTATAATAACTG	R：GCGACTTTCATGATCAAGATGGCATC
	Xcfb3530	F：TTGTGCTTGTGCTACTATTACC	R：CAACATCTTACTGCTAACGTCC
	Xcfb53	F：CACGATACAACACATAAGAGGG	R：TGTGACATGTATACAGTG
	XbarcM174	F：TGGCATTTTTCTAGCACCAATACAT	R：GCGAACTGGACCAGCCTTCTATCTGTTC
	Xbarc79	F：GCGTTGGAAAGGAGGTAATGTTAGATAG	R：TCGTGGGTTACAAGTTTGGGAGGTCA
	Xgwm344	F：CAAGGAAATAGGCGGTAACT	R：ATTTGAGTCTGAAGTTTGCA
	Xbarc1073	F：GCGGGCACAATATTCTAATGGACAAAGT	R：GCGCAGATGCAGAGGCCAGGGGTCA
	Xbarc77	F：GCGTATTCTCCCTCGTTTCCAAGTCTG	R：GTGGGAATTTCTTGGGAGTCTGTA
	Xbarc102	F：GGAGAGGACCTGCTAAAATCGAAGACA	R：GCGTTTACGGATCAGTGTTGGAGA
	Xmag799	F：TCGAGGAAGGAAACGGAGTA	R：GGTCGGAAACGTAAACCAGA
	Xbarc152	F：CTTCCTAAAATCGGGCAACCGCTTGTTG	R：GCGTAATGATGGGAGTGGCTATAGGGCAGTT
	Xcfd50	F：TTCTGCAACATTTTGTCCCA	R：CGTATGATCCTAACGAGGGC
	XbarcM121	F：ACTGATCAGCAATGTCAACTGAA	R：CCGGTGTCTTTCCTAACGCTATG
	Xgdm8	F：TTCTCCAACGCACGTTAGC	R：CCCAAATGATGGCAGCTACT
	Xbarc93	F：GCCGGACGGATTTAGGTGGAGGAGA	R：CGCAACCTCACCATCACCGCCTCATC
	Xgpw2220	F：TGACACCCCTTTCTTATCCG	R：TAGCGAGGGGGTTAAGTGTG
	Xgpw5210	F：CAGCGGACCTAAGCATCATA	R：CGCTAAAGATGAAGTGAAGACA

标记类型 Marker type	编号Code	引物序列Sequence of primer （5’-3’）
SSR标记 SSR marker	Xbarc105	F：CAGGAAGAAAAGGAAAGCATGCGACAA	R：GCGGTGTGGCAATAATTACTTTTT
	Xmag694	F：TGCACTGCAAACACAGAGGAAG	R：CTGCTCATGGGCACGAAATC
	Xwmc256	F：CCAAATCTTCGAACAAGAACCC	R：ACCGATCGATGGTGTATACTGA
	Xpsp3071	F：CGTGCCCTACACCTCCTTTTCTCTC	R：TCCGTACATACTCCGGGAGACC
	Xgwm47	F：TTGCTACCATGCATGACCAT	R：TTCACCTCGATTGAGGTCCT
	Xbarc220	F：CCTCTGCCATAAACATCACCTCTC	R：GGCCTCAACATCATGTGAAAGA
	Xgpw3087	F：CTCTAAGAAGTCCAATGCAACA	R：AATTGCAGAAACTGGATGCC
	Xgpw2277	F：TCAGAAGAGCGATGAGATAGAAA	R：GCCATTTTTAGGGCTCAGTG
	Xbarc287	F：CGGATGGGTTACTTACTTAGGATG	R：CGCAACTCCATTTCAGAATCATT
	Xwmc385	F：GAAATGGCAATGGACTCAC	R：CCATCATATCCCTAGCACAA
	Xwmc170	F：ACATCCACGTTTATGTTGTTGC	R：TTGGTTGCTCAACGTTTACTTC
	Xbarc201	F：GCGTTACTAGCCCAGGATTTACATT	R：GCGTCGATGTGAGTAGCGGGAAAC
SSR标记 SSR marker	Xbarc78	F：CTCCCCGGTCAAGTTTAATCTCT	R：GCGACATGGGAATTTCAGAAGTGCCTAA
	Xwmc420	F：ATCGTCAACAAAATCTGAAGTG	R：TTACTTTTGCTGAGAAAACCCT
	Xbarc106	F：GCCCTCAAATAATTACGCCAATCCCTATG	R：GCGTCAAGATCAGAAGGCATCCTATTATTG
	Xbarc64	F：GCGGAGTCTGCAATTAGTATAGGTAT	R：GCATCCACCTCCGCAGTCAGT
	Xgpw2107	F：CGTGAGGCATGTGAGAAGAA	R：TTGAGGAACATGGCTAAGGG
	Xbarc80	F：GCGAATTAGCATCTGCATCTGTTTGAG	R：CGGTCAACCAACTACTGCACAAC
	Xwmc627	F：GATCCGAGAAGGGCAATGGTAG	R：AGCAACAGCAGCGTACCATAAA
	Xwmc54	F：TATTGTGCAATCGCAGCATCTC	R：TGCGACATTGGCAACCACTTCT
	Xcfd54	F：TCGTTCCAAAATGCATGAAA	R：AAGGGCCAGAAATCTGTGTG
	Xbarc198	F：CGCTGAAAAGAAGTGCCGCATTATGA	R：CGCTGCCTTTTCTGGATTGCTTGTCA
	Xbarc137	F：GGCCCATTTCCCACTTTCCA	R：CCAGCCCCTCTACACATTTT
	Xbarc114	F：GGGTATCACGCATTGTAAAATCCGAAA	R：GCTGACTTCCGCAAATGCCATTCGCTGAT
	Xbarc160	F：GGTTGTTCCTAGGAAATTTCTATAATAACTG	R：GCGACTTTCATGATCAAGATGGCATC
	Xgwm144	F：TTTGCTGTGGTACGAAACATAC	R：ACTCACAAATGTCTAATAAAAC
	Xwmc657	F：CGGGCTGCGGGGGTAT	R：CGGTTGGGTCATTTGTCTCA
	XbarcM172	F：GCGAAATGTGATGGGGTTTATCTA	R：GCGATTTGATTTAACTTTAGCAGTGAG
	Xbarc61	F：TGCATACATTGATTCATAACTCTCT	R：TCTTCGAGCGTTATGATTGAT
	XbarcM156	F：CGCATCGAGGTCTTCCCCGCTGTCCAA	R：CGCACCCACACATGTATCTGAGTTTCCTA
	XbarcM160	F：GGTTGTTCCTAGGAAATTTCTATAATAACTG	R：GCGACTTTCATGATCAAGATGGCATC
	Xcfb3530	F：TTGTGCTTGTGCTACTATTACC	R：CAACATCTTACTGCTAACGTCC
	Xcfb53	F：CACGATACAACACATAAGAGGG	R：TGTGACATGTATACAGTG
	XbarcM174	F：TGGCATTTTTCTAGCACCAATACAT	R：GCGAACTGGACCAGCCTTCTATCTGTTC
	Xbarc79	F：GCGTTGGAAAGGAGGTAATGTTAGATAG	R：TCGTGGGTTACAAGTTTGGGAGGTCA
	Xgwm344	F：CAAGGAAATAGGCGGTAACT	R：ATTTGAGTCTGAAGTTTGCA
	Xbarc1073	F：GCGGGCACAATATTCTAATGGACAAAGT	R：GCGCAGATGCAGAGGCCAGGGGTCA
	Xbarc77	F：GCGTATTCTCCCTCGTTTCCAAGTCTG	R：GTGGGAATTTCTTGGGAGTCTGTA
	Xbarc102	F：GGAGAGGACCTGCTAAAATCGAAGACA	R：GCGTTTACGGATCAGTGTTGGAGA
	Xmag799	F：TCGAGGAAGGAAACGGAGTA	R：GGTCGGAAACGTAAACCAGA
	Xbarc152	F：CTTCCTAAAATCGGGCAACCGCTTGTTG	R：GCGTAATGATGGGAGTGGCTATAGGGCAGTT
	Xcfd50	F：TTCTGCAACATTTTGTCCCA	R：CGTATGATCCTAACGAGGGC
	XbarcM121	F：ACTGATCAGCAATGTCAACTGAA	R：CCGGTGTCTTTCCTAACGCTATG
	Xgdm8	F：TTCTCCAACGCACGTTAGC	R：CCCAAATGATGGCAGCTACT
	Xbarc93	F：GCCGGACGGATTTAGGTGGAGGAGA	R：CGCAACCTCACCATCACCGCCTCATC
	Xgpw2220	F：TGACACCCCTTTCTTATCCG	R：TAGCGAGGGGGTTAAGTGTG
	Xgpw5210	F：CAGCGGACCTAAGCATCATA	R：CGCTAAAGATGAAGTGAAGACA

标记类型 Marker type	编号Code	引物序列Sequence of primer （5’-3’）
SRAP标记 SRAP marker	Me1-Em14	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGT
	Me1-Em55	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTC
	Me2-Em3	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC
	Me2-Em26	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACA
	Me2-Em42	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCCT
	Me3-Em2	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT
	Me3-Em3	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC
	Me3-Em9	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTCT
	Me3-Em23	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTC
	Me4-Em16	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGG
	Me4-Em24	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTG
	Me6-Em19	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTAC
	Me5-Em53	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTA
	Me5-Em56	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTG
	Me5-Em62	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGGT
	Me7-Em14	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGT
	Me7-Em16	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGG
	Me7-Em44	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCCG
	Me9-Em21	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTA
	Me9-Em27	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTCC
	Me10-Em11	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACG
	Me10-Em12	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTAG
	Me10-Em54	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTT
	Me12-Em26	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACA
	Me12-Em38	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTT

标记类型 Marker type	编号Code	引物序列Sequence of primer （5’-3’）
SRAP标记 SRAP marker	Me1-Em14	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGT
	Me1-Em55	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTC
	Me2-Em3	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC
	Me2-Em26	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACA
	Me2-Em42	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCCT
	Me3-Em2	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT
	Me3-Em3	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC
	Me3-Em9	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTCT
	Me3-Em23	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTC
	Me4-Em16	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGG
	Me4-Em24	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTG
	Me6-Em19	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTAC
	Me5-Em53	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTA
	Me5-Em56	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTG
	Me5-Em62	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGGT
	Me7-Em14	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGT
	Me7-Em16	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTAGG
	Me7-Em44	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATC	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCCG
	Me9-Em21	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTTA
	Me9-Em27	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTCC
	Me10-Em11	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACG
	Me10-Em12	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTTAG
	Me10-Em54	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTGTT
	Me12-Em26	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTACA
	Me12-Em38	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACG	—	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTT

性状类型 Trait type	性状 Trait	变异幅度 Variation rang	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
农艺性状Agronomic trait	分蘖数 Tiller number	1.00～12.00	4.19	1.75	3.06	41.77
	株高 Plant height/cm	44.60～167.00	89.43	21.17	448.13	23.67
	穗下茎长 Ear stem length/cm	11.00～68.50	34.45	8.84	78.18	25.66
	穗长 Ear length/cm	3.50～18.10	9.70	2.18	4.74	22.44
	小穗数 Spikelet number	12.00～38.00	19.10	2.76	7.60	14.43
	结实数 Fertile spikelet	11.00～38.00	18.25	2.60	6.77	14.25
	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	9.00～118.00	46.31	12.54	157.23	27.08
	穗粒重 Grain weight per spike/g	0.10～4.90	1.90	0.69	0.48	36.58
	千粒重 Thousand kernels weight/g	20.00～61.50	37.81	6.73	45.31	17.80
	经济系数 Economic coefficient	0.02～0.93	0.37	0.10	0.01	26.43
品质性状 Quality trait	水分含量 Moisture content/%	10.21～12.99	11.54	0.46	0.21	3.99
	粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content/%	12.60～21.22	15.56	1.39	1.93	8.94
	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content/%	25.65～45.88	33.25	3.04	9.26	9.15
	出粉率 Flour yield/%	55.13～69.15	63.99	2.04	4.14	3.18
	吸水率 Water absorption/%	47.53～68.93	59.70	3.09	9.54	5.17
	降落值 Falling number/s	210.51～544.60	421.35	38.87	1 510.97	9.23
	沉降值 Sedimentation value/mL	20.11～57.85	36.50	5.63	31.70	15.42
	容重 Volume weight/（g·L^-1）	726.94～832.45	787.97	17.63	310.70	2.24
	硬度指数 Hardness index	44.35～80.85	67.83	5.15	26.57	7.60