引进甜荞品种的主要农艺性状分析及优异种质筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0853

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为扩大并优化山西甜荞种质资源，筛选高产优质品种，通过多样性分析、灰色关联度分析、主成分分析和综合D值评价等方法对51份引进的甜荞品种的11个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明，引进品种遗传变异丰富。11个农艺性状的变异系数为9.562%~115.337%，其中，单株粒数、单株粒重、产量、一级侧枝数、主茎节数、株高、茎直径、千粒重的变异系数均大于20%。主成分分析表明，前4个主成分的累计贡献率达83.247%。相关分析表明，产量与株高、茎直径、单株粒重、单株粒数呈极显著正相关，其中与单株粒数的关联度最高。综合相关分析、主成分分析以及灰色关联度分析结果，在对引起甜荞选育时，应着重考虑单株粒数与单株粒重。聚类分析将51个品种聚为8个类群，其中第Ⅶ类群中PI 658426、PI 427236为高产品种；第Ⅷ类群的6个品种为性状优良品种。最后根据综合D值进行评价，初步筛选出11份高产优质甜荞品种。

关键词: 甜荞, 农艺性状, 筛选, 综合D值评价

Abstract:

To increase and optimize the Fagopyrum esculentum Moench germplasm resources in Shanxi， and screen the varieties of high-yield and high-quality， 51 varieties introduced from foreign were used as materials. 11 agronomic traits were determined and evaluated by the diversity analysis， grey correlation analysis， principal component analysis and comprehensive D value. The results indicated that the abundant variations were found in 51 varieties. And the coefficients of variation of the 11 agronomic traits were ranged from 9.562% to 115.337%， which the coefficients of variation of grain number per plant， seed weight per plant， yield， number of first-order lateral branches， main stem section number， plant height， stem diameter and 1 000-grain weight were more than 20%. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four principal components was 83.247%. Correlation analysis indicated that the yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height， stem diameter， grain yield per plant， and grain number per plant， which was the highest correlation coefficient with grain number per plant. The comprehensive results of various analyses showed that the grain number and grain weight per plant might be considered for breeding of buckwheat. Meanwhile， 51 varieties were classified into 8 major groups by cluster analysis， of which PI 658426 and PI 427236 in group Ⅶ were regarded as the high-yield varieties， 6 varieties in group Ⅷ showed excellent traits. Finally， according to the comprehensive D value， 11 sweet buckwheat varieties were identified as high-yield and high-quality.

Key words: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, agronomic traits, screening, comprehensive D value evaluation

中图分类号:

S517

何珊, 韩伟, 周元成, 郝伟丽, 刘志霞, 兰亚飞, 那冬晨, 柴敏, 王祎玲. 引进甜荞品种的主要农艺性状分析及优异种质筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 22-31.

Shan HE, Wei HAN, Yuancheng ZHOU, Weili HAO, Zhixia LIU, Yafei LAN, Dongchen NA, Min CHAI, Yiling WANG. Main Agronomic Characters Analysis and High Quality Germplasm Selection of Introduced Fagopyrum esculentum Moench[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 22-31.

图/表 9

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性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
一级侧枝数 NFLB	4	20	8.64	3.30	38.194
主茎节数 MSN	6	35	16.87	6.05	35.862
株高 PH/cm	58.00	177.33	118.73	26.85	22.614
茎直径 SD/mm	4.47	11.32	7.29	1.61	22.085
单株粒重 YPP/g	0.82	26.09	5.50	6.19	112.545
单株粒数 GNP	4	155	25.95	29.93	115.337
千粒重 TGW/g	12.16	31.80	21.42	4.41	20.588
种子长度 SL/mm	37.68	69.95	53.25	6.07	11.399
种子宽度 SW/mm	26.71	42.06	34.93	3.34	9.562
种子长宽比 SAR	1.05	1.90	1.53	0.16	10.458
产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）	7.49	159.55	33.96	38.04	112.014

性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
一级侧枝数 NFLB	4	20	8.64	3.30	38.194
主茎节数 MSN	6	35	16.87	6.05	35.862
株高 PH/cm	58.00	177.33	118.73	26.85	22.614
茎直径 SD/mm	4.47	11.32	7.29	1.61	22.085
单株粒重 YPP/g	0.82	26.09	5.50	6.19	112.545
单株粒数 GNP	4	155	25.95	29.93	115.337
千粒重 TGW/g	12.16	31.80	21.42	4.41	20.588
种子长度 SL/mm	37.68	69.95	53.25	6.07	11.399
种子宽度 SW/mm	26.71	42.06	34.93	3.34	9.562
种子长宽比 SAR	1.05	1.90	1.53	0.16	10.458
产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）	7.49	159.55	33.96	38.04	112.014

类群Type	种质数量 Number of species	一级侧枝数NFLB	主茎节数 MSN	株高 PH/cm	茎直径 SD/mm	单株粒重 YPP/g	单株粒数 GNP	千粒重 TGW/g	种子长度 SL/mm	种子宽度 SW/mm	长宽比 SAR	产量Y/（kg·hm^-2）
Ⅰ	10	6.30±1.43 c	13.70±4.82	102.78±14.76 d	6.77±1.22 cd	3.68±0.70 c	9.60±3.23 b	20.98±4.56 a	52.28±3.10 abc	34.13±3.22	1.54±0.16	115.29±4.87 c
Ⅱ	5	6.00±1.44 c	14.00±4.20	92.00±21.79 d	6.07±0.92 de	2.66±0.96 c	9.60±5.93 b	21.21±4.18 a	47.45±8.51 bc	34.94±3.21	1.36±0.20	101.59±8.38 c
Ⅲ	9	9.22±2.80 abc	15.67±4.61	112.76±22.74 cd	6.76±1.20 cd	4.67±1.57 c	10.78±7.92 b	20.71±2.76 a	54.63±7.16 ab	35.51±4.10	1.55±0.22	112.32±12.47 c
Ⅳ	6	7.50±1.71 abc	15.33±2.67	110.83±16.16 cd	7.11±0.55 bcd	5.14±2.02 c	15.17±9.68 b	25.55±3.74 a	58.41±3.95 a	37.87±3.25	1.55±0.10	122.57±11.74 c
Ⅴ	2	7.00±0.17 bc	15.00±1.17	92.50±0.17 d	4.48±0.01 e	1.63±0.80 c	11.00±5.83 b	14.57±0.43 b	45.58±3.16 c	31.91±1.32	1.43±0.04	99.38±0.45 c
Ⅵ	11	10.73±2.65 ab	21.91±6.51	143.59±19.24 ab	8.14±1.36 abc	6.59±7.06 bc	42.55±40.51 ab	19.47±3.38 ab	52.48±6.00 abc	33.90±3.41	1.55±0.13	125.03±42.60 bc
Ⅶ	2	11.50±1.50 a	21.50±3.83	163.00±3.67 a	9.32±0.22 a	9.15±3.82 b	42.00±16.72 ab	24.40±0.61 a	56.67±5.30 a	36.72±1.32	1.54±0.09	152.38±28.92 ab
Ⅷ	6	11.67±4.49 a	17.67±6.88	132.83±13.34 bc	8.86±1.58 ab	9.68±4.58 a	69.33±21.36 a	13.51±3.83 a	55.26±3.14 ab	34.76±1.79	1.59±0.09	131.82±50.91 a

类群Type	种质数量 Number of species	一级侧枝数NFLB	主茎节数 MSN	株高 PH/cm	茎直径 SD/mm	单株粒重 YPP/g	单株粒数 GNP	千粒重 TGW/g	种子长度 SL/mm	种子宽度 SW/mm	长宽比 SAR	产量Y/（kg·hm^-2）
Ⅰ	10	6.30±1.43 c	13.70±4.82	102.78±14.76 d	6.77±1.22 cd	3.68±0.70 c	9.60±3.23 b	20.98±4.56 a	52.28±3.10 abc	34.13±3.22	1.54±0.16	115.29±4.87 c
Ⅱ	5	6.00±1.44 c	14.00±4.20	92.00±21.79 d	6.07±0.92 de	2.66±0.96 c	9.60±5.93 b	21.21±4.18 a	47.45±8.51 bc	34.94±3.21	1.36±0.20	101.59±8.38 c
Ⅲ	9	9.22±2.80 abc	15.67±4.61	112.76±22.74 cd	6.76±1.20 cd	4.67±1.57 c	10.78±7.92 b	20.71±2.76 a	54.63±7.16 ab	35.51±4.10	1.55±0.22	112.32±12.47 c
Ⅳ	6	7.50±1.71 abc	15.33±2.67	110.83±16.16 cd	7.11±0.55 bcd	5.14±2.02 c	15.17±9.68 b	25.55±3.74 a	58.41±3.95 a	37.87±3.25	1.55±0.10	122.57±11.74 c
Ⅴ	2	7.00±0.17 bc	15.00±1.17	92.50±0.17 d	4.48±0.01 e	1.63±0.80 c	11.00±5.83 b	14.57±0.43 b	45.58±3.16 c	31.91±1.32	1.43±0.04	99.38±0.45 c
Ⅵ	11	10.73±2.65 ab	21.91±6.51	143.59±19.24 ab	8.14±1.36 abc	6.59±7.06 bc	42.55±40.51 ab	19.47±3.38 ab	52.48±6.00 abc	33.90±3.41	1.55±0.13	125.03±42.60 bc
Ⅶ	2	11.50±1.50 a	21.50±3.83	163.00±3.67 a	9.32±0.22 a	9.15±3.82 b	42.00±16.72 ab	24.40±0.61 a	56.67±5.30 a	36.72±1.32	1.54±0.09	152.38±28.92 ab
Ⅷ	6	11.67±4.49 a	17.67±6.88	132.83±13.34 bc	8.86±1.58 ab	9.68±4.58 a	69.33±21.36 a	13.51±3.83 a	55.26±3.14 ab	34.76±1.79	1.59±0.09	131.82±50.91 a

性状 Trait	一级侧枝数NFLB	主茎节数 MSN	株高 PH	茎直径 SD	单株粒重 YPP	单株粒数 GNP	千粒重 TGW	种子长度 SL	种子宽度 SW	长宽比 SAR	产量 Y
一级侧枝数NFLB		0.725^**	0.332^*	0.027	0.321^*	0.370^**	-0.390^**	-0.070	-0.214	0.124	0.249
主茎节数MSN	0.719^**		0.411^**	-0.027	0.229	0.359^*	-0.470^**	-0.260	-0.377^**	0.056	0.083
株高PH	0.382^**	0.404^**		0.591^**	-0.068	-0.062	-0.192	-0.014	-0.105	0.071	0.398^**
茎直径SD	0.136	0.014	0.661^**		-0.058	-0.095	0.078	0.225	0.105	0.147	0.456^**
单株粒重YPP	0.349^*	0.161	0.336^*	0.404^**		0.879^**	-0.207	-0.065	-0.211	0.126	0.932^**
单株粒数GNP	0.398^**	0.252	0.304^*	0.351^*	0.967^**		-0.473^**	-0.275	-0.409^**	0.086	0.866^**
千粒重TGW	-0.317^*	-0.441^**	-0.091	0.162	0.118	-0.052		0.483^**	0.705^**	-0.139	0.206
种子长度SL	-0.061	-0.255	0.023	0.226	0.022	-0.094	0.480^**		0.548^**	0.599^**	0.059
种子宽度SW	-0.247	-0.385^**	-0.146	0.024	-0.222	-0.338^*	0.648^**	0.535^**		-0.335^*	-0.152
长宽比SAR	0.164	0.071	0.147	0.220	0.228	0.212	-0.092	0.598^**	-0.350^*		0.201
产量Y	0.253	0.085	0.386^**	0.454^**	0.932^**	0.867^**	0.206	0.050	-0.157	0.197