土壤含水率对豫中植烟土壤微生物群落多样性及氮循环功能基因丰度的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0810

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示豫中典型浓香型烤烟产区植烟土壤氮素矿化动态变化、土壤微生物多样性以及氮素循环功能基因对水分条件的响应特征，通过室内培养法研究50%（H-50%）、65%（H-65%）和80%（H-80%））持水量条件下，河南许昌植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落功能多样性的差异。结果表明，H-65%处理土壤的无机氮矿化量及矿化速率均高于其他处理。在土壤细菌中，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）为优势菌门（相对丰度>3%），其中，H-80%处理中变形菌门的相对丰度显著高于其他处理，而厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著低于其他处理；H-50%处理中放线菌门、绿弯菌门的相对丰度显著高于其他处理。在土壤真菌中，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）占土壤真菌总OTU（operational taxonmic units）数的90%以上，其相对丰度随土壤含水率增加呈倒“V”的变化趋势。LEfSe（LDA effect size）分析结果表明，各处理在细菌属水平共检测出6种活性生物标志物（LDA值>3.5）。细菌群落具有丰富的功能多样性，一级功能层表现为代谢方面较活跃，二级功能层的功能基因丰度在不同含水率条件下发生明显变化；与固氮过程相关的固氮酶基因nifK、nifD、nifH的相对丰度在不同处理中表现为H-50%>H-65%>H-80%，反硝化过程相关基因norB、nirK、nosZ的相对丰度均在H-65%处理最高。综合来看，合理调控土壤含水率可以有效调节豫中烟区土壤氮素矿化动态、土壤微生物群落功能多样性以及氮循环相关功能基因的丰度。

关键词: 氮素矿化, 土壤含水率, 氮素循环, 功能基因, 土壤微生物群落结构

Abstract:

To investigate the dynamic changes of nitrogen mineralization of tobacco-planting soil in central Henan and explore the response characteristics of soil microbial diversity and nitrogen cycle function genes to soil moisture condition， the tobacco-planting soil from Xuchang were cultured under 50% （H-50%）， 65% （H-65%）， 80% （H-80%） water conditions to analyze the difference of functional diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. The results showed that the mineralization amount and mineralization rate of soil inorganic nitrogen in H-65% treatment were higher than those in other treatments. Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Firmicutes， Acidobacteria， Planctomycotes， and Germatimonades were the dominant bacteria at phylum level （relative abundance >3%）. The relative abundance of Proteus in H-80% treatment was significantly higher than other treatments， while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was vice versa. The relative abundances of Actinomyces and Curvularia in H-50% treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments. Ascomycota accounted for more than 90% of the fungal OTUs（operational taxonmic units）， and its relative abundance showed an inverted “V” trend with the increasing of soil moisture content. The results of LEfSe （LDA effect size） analysis for bacterial showed that 6 active biomarkers （LDA value >3.5） were detected at the genus level. The bacterial community showed abundant functional diversity， the primary functional layer was more active in metabolism， and the functional gene abundance of the secondary functional layer changed obviously under different water content conditions. The relative abundances of nifK， nifD， nifH genes involved nitrogen fixation process showed H-50%>H-65%>H-80%， and the relative abundances of norB， nirK， nosZ genes involved denitrification process were the highest in H-65% treatment. Collectively， the reasonable regulation of soil moisture content might effectively regulate the dynamic change of soil nitrogen mineralization， the functional diversity of soil microbial community and the change of functional genes relating to nitrogen cycle in central Henan tobacco growing areas.

Key words: nitrogen mineralization, soil moisture content, nitrogen cycling, functional genes, soil microbial community structure

中图分类号:

S153

刘威, 赵园园, 陈小龙, 史宏志. 土壤含水率对豫中植烟土壤微生物群落多样性及氮循环功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(1): 214-225.

Wei LIU, Yuanyuan ZHAO, Xiaolong CHEN, Hongzhi SHI. Effects of Soil Moisture Content on Microbial Community Diversity and Abundance of Nitrogen Cycling Genes in Central Henan Tobacco-growing Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(1): 214-225.

图/表 12

图1 不同含水率下的土壤无机氮矿化量注：同一培养时间不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Mineralization of soil inorganic nitrogen under different soil contentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same incubation time indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level．

图2 不同含水率下的土壤无机氮的硝化速率和矿化速率

Fig. 2 Nitrification rate and mineralization rate of soil inorganic nitrogen under different water contents

图3 不同含水率下的土壤细菌和真菌群落的OTUs数量A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 3 OTUs number of soil bacterial and fungal communities under different water contentsA： Bacterium； B： Fungus

图4 不同含水率下的土壤细菌和真菌在门水平的群落组成A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 4 Community composition of soil bacteria and fungi at phylum level under different water contentsA： Bacterium； B： Fungus

表1 不同含水率下的土壤细菌、真菌在门水平的物种相对丰度

Table 1 Relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi at phylum level under different water contents

微生物类别 Class of microorganism	门水平 Phylum level	相对丰度Relative abundame/%
微生物类别 Class of microorganism	门水平 Phylum level	H-50%	H-65%	H-80%
细菌 Bacterium	放线菌门Actinobacteria	27.57±0.58 a	18.95±0.98 b	17.49±0.55 b
	变形菌门Proteobacteria	29.10±0.84 c	37.31±1.57 b	41.30±0.58 a
	绿弯菌门Chloroflexi	14.83±0.46 a	11.91±0.18 b	8.53±0.29 c
	厚壁菌门Firmicutes	9.94±1.39 a	9.89±0.36 a	7.01±0.49 b
	浮霉菌门Planctomycetes	6.90±0.29 b	7.76±0.28 ab	7.78±0.46 a
	酸杆菌门Acidobacteria	4.97±0.15 c	8.28±0.06 b	12.03±0.12 a
	芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes	3.47±0.31 a	3.26±0.05 a	3.40±0.27 a
真菌 Fungus	子囊菌门Ascomycota	96.50±1.27 a	96.88±1.74 a	94.14±1.22 a
	绿藻门Chlorophyta	2.01±0.81 a	1.26±0.75 ab	3.12±0.53 a
	担子菌门Basidiomycota	1.14±0.40 a	1.58±0.90 a	2.10±0.61 a

图5 不同含水率下的土壤细菌群落LEfSe分析A：土壤细菌物种层级树图；B：LDA判别柱形图

Fig. 5 LEfSe analysis of soil bacterial community under different water contentsA： Hierarchy dendrogram of soil bacterial species； B： Histogram of LDA discrimination

图6 不同含水率下的土壤细菌和真菌的稀释曲线A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 6 Dilution curve of soil bacteria and fungi under different water contentsA： Bacterium； B： Fungus

图7 不同含水率下的土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度及多样性A：细菌；B：真菌。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著

Fig. 7 Abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi under different water contentsA： Bacterium； B： Fungus. Different lowercase letters in figure indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level

图8 不同含水率下的土壤细菌和真菌的主坐标分析A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 8 Principal coordinate analysis diagram of soil bacteria and fungi under different water contentsA： Bacterium； B： Fungus

图9 不同含水率下的土壤微生物功能预测图注：L1~L5表示一级功能层；L1 表示细胞过程，L2 表示环境信息处理，L3 表示遗传信息处理，L4 表示代谢，L5 表示生物体系统。

Fig. 9 Prediction map of soil microbial function under different water contentsNote： L1~L5 represent the primary functional layer； L1 represents cell process， L2 represents environmental information processing， L3 represents genetic information processing， L4 represents metabolism， L5 represents biological system.

图10 氮代谢途径通路图及相关基因注：图中①⑥⑦ 为硝化反应过程（Ⅰ）；⑧为同化硝酸盐还原过程（Ⅱ）；⑩为异化硝酸盐还原过程（Ⅲ）；⑤为固氮过程（Ⅳ）；②③④⑨为反硝化过程（Ⅴ）。

Fig. 10 Pathways of nitrogen metabolism and related genesNote：①⑥⑦ in the figure are the nitrification reaction process（Ⅰ）； ⑧ is the assimilation nitrate reduction process （Ⅱ）； ⑩ is the dissimilation nitrate reduction process （Ⅲ）； ⑤ is the nitrogen fixation process （Ⅳ）； ②③④⑨ are the denitrification process（Ⅴ）.

图11 不同含水率下的土壤氮循环相关功能基因丰度

Fig. 11 Abundance of functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycle under different water contents

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