2022年度全球转基因作物产业化发展现状及趋势分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0756

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自1996年转基因作物开始商业化种植以来，全球转基因产业化应用迅猛发展，种植面积和作物种类逐年增加，经济效益与社会效益日益显著。分析了2022年全球转基因作物种植概况及主要转基因作物种植国家和地区的发展态势，2022年转基因作物种植面积约占总耕地面积的12%，同比增长3.3%，批准种植转基因作物的国家数量增至29个，批准转基因产品商业化应用的国家和地区已达71个。从转基因作物种植面积来看，转基因玉米和大豆占据主导地位，同时复合性状转基因作物的种植面积也在不断扩大。随着生物育种技术的迭代升级，转基因作物的应用范围和效果必将持续提高，转基因生物育种产业将成为农业生产和经济发展的新动能。

关键词: 转基因技术, 转基因作物, 种植面积, 产业化

Abstract:

Since the commercialization of genetically modified （GM） crops in 1996， their industrial applications have developed rapidly in worldwide with increasing planting area and crop types， which have significant economic and social benefits. This paper analyzed the global situation of GM crops cultivation in 2022， and the development trends of major countries and regions planting GM crops. In 2022， the planting area of GM crops accounted for about 12% of the total arable land area with an increase of 3.3%. The number of the countries approved to cultivate GM crops increased to 29， and 71 countries and regions approved the commercial application of GM products. Based on the planting area of GM crops， the GM corn and soybean were dominant， and the planting area of the GM crops with multiple traits was also constantly expanding. The industrial applications of GM crops will become new growth driver for agricultural production and economic development， and the applications and effects of GM crops will continuously increase with the iterative upgrading of bioengineering breeding technologies.

Key words: GM technology, GM crops, acreage, industrialization

中图分类号:

李浩辉, 刘彩月, 张海文, 王旭静, 唐巧玲, 王友华. 2022年度全球转基因作物产业化发展现状及趋势分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(12): 6-16.

Haohui LI, Caiyue LIU, Haiwen ZHANG, Xujing WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Youhua WANG. Global Genetically Modified Crop Industrialization Trends in 2022[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(12): 6-16.

图/表 8

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排名 Rank	国家 Country	转基因作物种植面积 Genetically modified planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	年际变化 Change from year to year/%	占比 Percentage/%
1	美国America	7 470	-1.0	36.9
2	巴西Brazil	6 320	10.4	31.3
3	阿根廷Argentina	2 350	0.4	11.6
4	印度India	1 240	4.8	6.1
5	加拿大Canada	1 130	-3.0	5.6
6	巴拉圭Paraguay	370	8.4	1.9
7	南非South Africa	320	8.8	1.6
8	中国China	290	-3.2	1.4
9	巴基斯坦Pakistan	170	-10.0	0.8
10	澳大利亚Australia	150	74.6	0.7
	其他国家Other countries	420	2.6	2.1
	总计Total	20 220	3.3	100.0

排名 Rank	国家 Country	转基因作物种植面积 Genetically modified planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	年际变化 Change from year to year/%	占比 Percentage/%
1	美国America	7 470	-1.0	36.9
2	巴西Brazil	6 320	10.4	31.3
3	阿根廷Argentina	2 350	0.4	11.6
4	印度India	1 240	4.8	6.1
5	加拿大Canada	1 130	-3.0	5.6
6	巴拉圭Paraguay	370	8.4	1.9
7	南非South Africa	320	8.8	1.6
8	中国China	290	-3.2	1.4
9	巴基斯坦Pakistan	170	-10.0	0.8
10	澳大利亚Australia	150	74.6	0.7
	其他国家Other countries	420	2.6	2.1
	总计Total	20 220	3.3	100.0

物种 Species	转基因作物种植面积 Genetically modified planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	总种植面积 Total planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	占比 Percentage/%
棉花Cotton	2 540	3 160	80.4
大豆Soybean	9 890	13 420	73.7
玉米Maize	6 620	20 120	32.9
油菜Canola	990	4 160	23.8
甜菜Sugarbeet	50	440	11.4
苜蓿Alfalfa	110	3 500	3.1
茄子Brinjal	3	200	1.5
甘蔗Sugarcane	10	2 630	0.4
小麦Wheat	10	22 060	0.1
水稻Rice	2	16 510	0.0
总计Total	20 220	86 200	23.5

物种 Species	转基因作物种植面积 Genetically modified planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	总种植面积 Total planting area/（10⁴ hm²）	占比 Percentage/%
棉花Cotton	2 540	3 160	80.4
大豆Soybean	9 890	13 420	73.7
玉米Maize	6 620	20 120	32.9
油菜Canola	990	4 160	23.8
甜菜Sugarbeet	50	440	11.4
苜蓿Alfalfa	110	3 500	3.1
茄子Brinjal	3	200	1.5
甘蔗Sugarcane	10	2 630	0.4
小麦Wheat	10	22 060	0.1
水稻Rice	2	16 510	0.0
总计Total	20 220	86 200	23.5

名称 Name	研发单位 R & D unit	物种 Species	获得性状 Gain trait
PRLR-SLICK	Acceligen	肉牛Beef	可生出极短光滑的毛发以抵御高温 Grow extremely short， smooth hair to withstand the heat
NS-B5ØØ27-4	Nuseed Americas Inc.	油菜Canola	耐草铵膦、产生Ω-3长链脂肪酸 Tolerant to glufosinate ammonium and produce Ω-3 long chain fatty acids
LBFLFK	BASF	油菜Canola	耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂、产生Ω-3长链脂肪酸 Resistant to imidazolinone herbicides and production of ω-3 long chain fatty acids
GMB 151	BASF	大豆Soybean	抗大豆胞囊线虫、耐HPPD-4除草剂 Resistant to soybean cyst nematode and HPPD-4 herbicide
HB4	Bioceres	小麦Wheat	抗旱、耐草铵膦 Resistant to drought and glufosinate ammonium
MON 87429	Bayer	玉米Maize	耐麦草畏、草铵膦、草甘膦，FOPs、2，4-D，雄性不育 Resistant to wheatgrass dichlorvos， glufosinate ammonium， glyphosate， FOPs and 2，4-D， male sterility
DP23211	AMVAC	玉米Maize	耐草铵膦、抗玉米根虫 Tolerant to oxalophosphorus and resistant to corn root worm
MON 94100	BAYER	油菜Canola	耐麦草畏Tolerant to wheat grass
Zynteglo	Bluebird bio		产生功能性β珠蛋白 Produce functional beta-globin