中国油料产业竞争力国际比较和发展思路研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0763

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步提升我国油料产业竞争力，推动我国油料产业高质量发展，选取2000年以来油料生产、消费与贸易数据，从绝对优势、比较优势和企业竞争力3个角度系统分析中国油料产业竞争力，并通过测算油料种植科技贡献率和贸易竞争力指数，对比分析影响中国油料产业竞争力的主要原因。结果表明，中国油料产业在绝对优势、比较优势和企业竞争力3个方面均处于劣势，资源禀赋不足、技术进步贡献偏低、产业链上下游共生发展生态不完善及国内外农业政策环境不利等是制约中国油料产业竞争力提升的主要原因。基于此，从资源开发、技术突破、政策扶持等方面提出针对性建议，以期为国家粮油发展战略的制定提供数据参考和技术支持。

关键词: 油料, 竞争力, 国际比较, 产业发展, 贸易

Abstract:

In order to further enhance the competitiveness of China’s oilseed industry and promote its high-quality development， the data of oilseed production， consumption and trade since 2000 were selected， and the competitiveness of China’s oilseed industry from the perspectives of absolute advantage， comparative advantage and enterprise competitiveness were systematically analyzed， the main reasons affecting the competitiveness of China’s oilseed industry were discussed by calculating the contribution rate of oilseed planting technology and the trade competitiveness index. The results showed that China’s oilseed industry was at a disadvantage in all the aspects of absolute advantage， comparative advantage and enterprise competitiveness， and the limiting factors were insufficient resource endowment， low contribution of technological progress， imperfect symbiotic development of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and unfavorable domestic and foreign agricultural policy environment. Based on this， targeted opinions and suggestions were put forward from multiple perspectives such as resource development， technological breakthrough and policy support， which provided data references and technical supports for the formulation of the national grain and oilseed development strategy.

Key words: oilseed, competitiveness, international comparison, industrial development, trade

中图分类号:

F326

陈畅, 郭丹, 白庆红, 张洋, 严茂林. 中国油料产业竞争力国际比较和发展思路研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 1-11.

Chang CHEN, Dan GUO, Qinghong BAI, Yang ZHANG, Maolin YAN. Research on International Comparison and Development Strategy of Competitiveness of China’s Oilseed Industry[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 1-11.

图/表 6

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类别 Category		产量Production/10⁴ t		差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
类别 Category		2002	2021	差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
油料 Oilseed	大豆 Soybean	1 651.0	1 640.0	-11.0	-0.60
	花生 Peanut	1 481.8	1 830.8	349.0	23.60
	油菜籽 Rapeseed	1 055.2	1 471.4	416.2	39.40
	葵花籽 Sunflower seed	194.6	290.0	95.4	49.00
	芝麻 Sesame	89.5	47.7	-41.8	-46.70
	亚麻籽 Flaxseed	40.9	31.1	-9.8	-24.00
	油茶 Camellia oleifera	85.5	394.0	308.5	360.80
	核桃 Walnut	34.0	540.4	506.4	1 489.40
油脂 Oil	大豆油 Soybean oil	375.8	1 575.2	1 199.4	319.20
	菜籽油 Rapeseed oil	416.3	643.5	227.2	54.60
	花生油 Peanut oil	241.4	320.0	78.6	32.60
	玉米油 Corn oil	4.7	150.0	145.3	3 092.00
	棉籽油 Cottonseed oil	138.3	136.8	-1.5	-1.10
	葵花籽油 Sunflower oil	56.0	44.8	-11.2	-20.00
	芝麻油 Sesame oil	22.4	8.0	-14.4	-64.30
	亚麻籽油 Flaxseed oil	7.2	9.0	1.8	25.00

类别 Category		产量Production/10⁴ t		差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
类别 Category		2002	2021	差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
油料 Oilseed	大豆 Soybean	1 651.0	1 640.0	-11.0	-0.60
	花生 Peanut	1 481.8	1 830.8	349.0	23.60
	油菜籽 Rapeseed	1 055.2	1 471.4	416.2	39.40
	葵花籽 Sunflower seed	194.6	290.0	95.4	49.00
	芝麻 Sesame	89.5	47.7	-41.8	-46.70
	亚麻籽 Flaxseed	40.9	31.1	-9.8	-24.00
	油茶 Camellia oleifera	85.5	394.0	308.5	360.80
	核桃 Walnut	34.0	540.4	506.4	1 489.40
油脂 Oil	大豆油 Soybean oil	375.8	1 575.2	1 199.4	319.20
	菜籽油 Rapeseed oil	416.3	643.5	227.2	54.60
	花生油 Peanut oil	241.4	320.0	78.6	32.60
	玉米油 Corn oil	4.7	150.0	145.3	3 092.00
	棉籽油 Cottonseed oil	138.3	136.8	-1.5	-1.10
	葵花籽油 Sunflower oil	56.0	44.8	-11.2	-20.00
	芝麻油 Sesame oil	22.4	8.0	-14.4	-64.30
	亚麻籽油 Flaxseed oil	7.2	9.0	1.8	25.00

类别 Category		产量Production/10⁴ t		差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
类别 Category		2002	2021	差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
油料 Oilseed	大豆 Soybean	3 529.0	10 840.0	7 311.0	207.20
	花生 Peanut	1 372.4	1 863.8	491.4	35.80
	油菜籽 Rapeseed	1 059.9	1 701.0	641.1	60.50
	葵花籽 Sunflower seed	188.9	225.0	36.1	19.10
	棉籽 Cottonseed	986.7	1 080.0	93.3	9.50
	芝麻 Sesame	83.9	164.7	80.8	96.30
	亚麻籽 Flaxseed	40.7	73.7	33.0	81.10
油脂 Oil	大豆油 Soybean oil	638.9	1 620.0	981.1	153.60
	菜籽油 Rapeseed oil	365.8	800.0	434.2	118.70
	棕榈油 Palm oil	352.5	450.0	97.5	27.70
	花生油 Peanut oil	223.9	335.5	111.6	49.80
	棉籽油 Cottonseed oil	111.6	123.0	11.4	10.20
	葵花籽油 Sunflower oil	31.3	104.5	73.2	233.90
	棕榈仁油 Palm kernel oil	13.9	52.3	38.4	276.30

类别 Category		产量Production/10⁴ t		差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
类别 Category		2002	2021	差值 Difference/10⁴ t	变幅 Range/%
油料 Oilseed	大豆 Soybean	3 529.0	10 840.0	7 311.0	207.20
	花生 Peanut	1 372.4	1 863.8	491.4	35.80
	油菜籽 Rapeseed	1 059.9	1 701.0	641.1	60.50
	葵花籽 Sunflower seed	188.9	225.0	36.1	19.10
	棉籽 Cottonseed	986.7	1 080.0	93.3	9.50
	芝麻 Sesame	83.9	164.7	80.8	96.30
	亚麻籽 Flaxseed	40.7	73.7	33.0	81.10
油脂 Oil	大豆油 Soybean oil	638.9	1 620.0	981.1	153.60
	菜籽油 Rapeseed oil	365.8	800.0	434.2	118.70
	棕榈油 Palm oil	352.5	450.0	97.5	27.70
	花生油 Peanut oil	223.9	335.5	111.6	49.80
	棉籽油 Cottonseed oil	111.6	123.0	11.4	10.20
	葵花籽油 Sunflower oil	31.3	104.5	73.2	233.90
	棕榈仁油 Palm kernel oil	13.9	52.3	38.4	276.30

指标Index	油料/油脂 Oilseed/oil	年份 Year
指标Index	油料/油脂 Oilseed/oil	2001	2011	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
国际市场占有率 MS	大豆Soybean	0.008	0.004	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.001
	花生Peanut	0.341	0.103	0.070	0.082	0.115	0.088	0.054	0.049
	油菜籽Rapeseed	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	大豆油Soybean oil	0.008	0.006	0.009	0.015	0.025	0.022	0.011	0.007
	花生油Peanut oil	0.068	0.071	0.038	0.055	0.064	0.052	0.042	0.045
	菜籽油Rapeseed oil	0.020	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.000
贸易竞争力TC	大豆Soybean	-0.947	-0.989	-0.994	-0.995	-0.995	-0.995	-0.996	-0.997
	花生Peanut	0.999	0.603	-0.245	0.106	0.412	-0.099	-0.606	-0.707
	油菜籽Rapeseed	-1.000	-0.999	-0.999	-1.000	-1.000	-1.000	-0.999	-0.999
	大豆油Soybean oil	-0.820	-0.894	-0.671	-0.589	-0.352	-0.522	-0.752	-0.838
	花生油Peanut oil	0.337	-0.643	-0.714	-0.753	-0.764	-0.846	-0.884	-0.910
	菜籽油Rapeseed oil	-0.783	-0.983	-0.980	-0.942	-0.975	-0.985	0.374	0.137
显示性比较优势RCA	大豆Soybean	0.174	0.034	0.016	0.012	0.013	0.013	0.008	0.007
	花生Peanut	7.925	0.993	0.531	0.642	0.902	0.668	0.367	0.321
	油菜籽Rapeseed	0.000 3	0.000 3	0.000 8	0.000 2	0.000 2	0.000 2	0.000 3	0.000 3
	大豆油Soybean oil	0.196	0.059	0.074	0.120	0.196	0.171	0.073	0.045
	花生油Peanut oil	1.657	0.681	0.293	0.433	0.501	0.395	0.287	0.298
	菜籽油Rapeseed oil	0.493	0.007	0.006	0.023	0.018	0.012	0.003	0.002
显示性竞争力RC	大豆Soybean	-3.600	-5.211	-6.041	-6.262	-6.054	-6.125	-6.573	-6.579
	花生Peanut	7.682	1.312	-0.820	0.061	0.819	-0.429	-1.676	-1.935
	油菜籽Rapeseed	-9.883	-7.677	-7.621	-9.420	-9.351	-8.536	-8.254	-8.080
	大豆油Soybean oil	-2.393	-3.000	-1.962	-1.595	-1.035	-1.491	-2.321	-2.984
	花生油Peanut oil	0.655	-1.423	-2.539	-2.071	-1.893	-2.445	-3.002	-2.922
	菜籽油Rapeseed oil	-2.253	-4.903	-4.919	-3.731	-4.467	-5.060	0.566	0.111