异向双轴香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0799

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有机具作业时存在的秸秆粉碎还田效果差、秸秆抛洒不均匀等问题，设计一种异向双轴香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机，该机具主要由粉碎装置、传动装置、三点悬挂装置组成。以机具前进速度、粉碎刀轴转速和刀片厚度为试验因素，以香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率和抛撒不均匀度作为评价指标，开展三因素三水平田间试验，分析各个试验因素对评价指标的影响。方差分析结果表明，对香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率来说，机具前进速度和粉碎刀轴转速影响极显著，刀片厚度影响显著；对抛撒不均匀度来说，粉碎刀轴转速影响显著。确定了最优工作参数组合为机具前进速度1.4 m·s^-1、粉碎刀轴转速1 600 r·min^-1、刀片厚度10 mm，在此参数下的香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率为96.76%，抛撒不均匀度为8.96%，满足香蕉秸秆粉碎还田要求，达到了预期设计目标要求，为后续的机具升级换代提供了技术支持。

关键词: 香蕉秸秆, 粉碎还田机, 粉碎装置, 模态分析, 方差分析, 田间试验

Abstract:

Aiming at the poor effect of straw crushing and returning on the field and uneven straw throwing and other problems in the operation of the existing machine tools， a kind of double shafts banana straw crushing and returning machine with different rotational directions was designed， which was mainly composed of crushing device， transmission device and three-point suspension device. Taking forward speed of the machine， rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft and thickness of the blade as the test factors， and the qualified rate of banana straw crushing and the unevenness of casting as the evaluation indexes， a three-factor， three-level field test was carried out to analyze the effects of each test factor on the evaluation indexes. The results of ANOVA showed that for the banana straw crushing pass rate， the forward speed of the machine and the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a highly significant effect， and the thickness of the blade had a significant effect； for the unevenness of the throwing， the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a significant effect. The optimal combination of working parameters was determined as the forward speed of machine 1.4 m·s^-1， rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft 1 600 r·min^-1， and thickness of the knife blade 10 mm， under which the qualified rate of banana straw crushing under this parameter was 96.76%， and the unevenness of the casting was 8.96%， which met the requirements of banana straw crushing and returning to the field， and reached the requirements of the expected design goals， and provided technical support for the subsequent upgrading of the machine.

Key words: banana straw, returning machine, crushing device, modal analysis, variance analysis, field trial

中图分类号:

S224.29

黄椿, 李粤, 位士全, 高阳, 吴紫晗, 黄麒润, 魏晨辉. 异向双轴香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 97-106.

Chun HUANG, Yue LI, Shiquan WEI, Yang GAO, Zihan WU, Qirun HUANG, Chenhui WEI. Design and Experiment of Double Shafts Banana Straw Crushing and Returning Machine with Different Rotational Directions[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(11): 97-106.

图/表 14

图1 整机结构注：1—机架；2—粉碎刀盘；3—粉碎刀片；4—变速箱；5—扇叶；6—定刀；7—安全防护板；8—三点悬挂装置；9—悬挂带；10—从传动箱。

Fig. 1 Structure of the machineNote：1—Framework；2—Crushing disc；3—Crushing knife；4—Transmission case；5—Fan blade；6—Fixed blade；7—Safety protection plates；8—Three-point linkage；9—Suspension belt；10—Driven box.

图2 传动系统注：1—变速箱锥齿轮组；2—从传动箱锥齿轮组；3—粉碎刀片；4—粉碎刀盘；5—粉碎刀轴。

Fig. 2 Transmission systemNote： 1—Transmission bevel gear set；2—Driven bevel gear set；3—Crushing knife；4—Crushing disc；5—Knife shaft.

表1 香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机主要技术参数

Table 1 Main technical parameters of banana straw crushing and returning machine

技术参数

Technical parameter

取值

Value

整体尺寸（长×宽×高）

Overall size （L×W×H）/mm×mm×mm

1 850×1 100×400

总质量

Total mass/kg

550

配套动力

Auxiliary power/kW

机具行驶速度

Machine travel speed/（m·s^-1）

0.8~3.0

刀轴转速

Knife shaft speed/（r·min^-1）

1 200~2 000

粉碎刀片数量

Number of crushing knife

防缠定刀数量

Number of anti-tangle fixed blade

工作幅宽

Working width/mm

1 500

刀轴数量

Number of knife shaft

表2 试验因素编码

Table 2 Code of experimental factors and levels

编码

Code

A：机具前进速度

Forwardspeed of implement/（m·s^-1）

B：粉碎刀轴转速

Knife shaft speed/（r·min^-1）

C：刀片厚度

Blade thickness/mm

图3 粉碎刀片结构参数

Fig. 3 Structural parameters of crushing blade

图4 定刀的结构注：1—刀身；2—刀座；3—刀刃；4—连接孔.

Fig. 4 Structure of fixed knifeNote： 1—Blade；2—Knife bed；3—Edge；4—Connection hole.

图5 粉碎刀轴结构

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of crushing knife shaft model

图6 粉碎刀片运动轨迹

Fig. 6 Trajectory of crushing blade

图7 香蕉秸秆剪切力-位移曲线

Fig. 7 Banana straw shear force-displacement curve

图8 香蕉秸秆压力-位移曲线

Fig. 8 Banana straw pressure-displacement curve

图9 香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机机架三维模型

Fig.9 3D model of banana straw crushing and returning machine frame

图10 优化后的机架注：1—支撑板；2—固定挡板；3—安全挡板。

Fig. 10 Improved frame structureNote： 1—Support plate；2—Retaining plate；3—Safety plate.

表3 正交试验结果

Table 3 Orthogonal experimental results

试验序号 No.	A：机具前进速度 Forwardspeed of implement /（m·s^-1）	B：粉碎刀轴转速 Knife shaft speed/（r·min^-1）	C：刀片厚度 blade thickness /mm	$Q$ ：粉碎合格率 Crushing qualification rate/％	F_b ：抛撒不均匀度 Uneven degree of scattering/％
1	1.0	1 200	8	87.59	16.91
2	1.0	1 400	10	91.21	15.64
3	1.0	1 600	12	93.06	10.82
4	1.4	1 200	8	89.23	15.12
5	1.4	1 400	12	91.18	13.56
6	1.4	1 600	10	96.76	8.96
7	1.8	1 200	12	85.92	14.04
8	1.8	1 400	8	88.78	16.35
9	1.8	1 600	10	93.28	11.50

表3 正交试验结果

Table 3 Orthogonal experimental results

试验序号 No.	A：机具前进速度 Forwardspeed of implement /（m·s^-1）	B：粉碎刀轴转速 Knife shaft speed/（r·min^-1）	C：刀片厚度 blade thickness /mm	$Q$ ：粉碎合格率 Crushing qualification rate/％	F_b ：抛撒不均匀度 Uneven degree of scattering/％
1	1.0	1 200	8	87.59	16.91
2	1.0	1 400	10	91.21	15.64
3	1.0	1 600	12	93.06	10.82
4	1.4	1 200	8	89.23	15.12
5	1.4	1 400	12	91.18	13.56
6	1.4	1 600	10	96.76	8.96
7	1.8	1 200	12	85.92	14.04
8	1.8	1 400	8	88.78	16.35
9	1.8	1 600	10	93.28	11.50

表 4 方差分析

Table 4 Variance analysis

指标 Index	方差来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
$Q$	A	14.190	2	7.095	108.531	0.009^**
	B	30.242	2	15.121	231.311	0.004^**
	C	3.663	2	1.831	28.015	0.034^*
	误差 Pure error	0.131	2	0.065
F_b	A	5.898	2	2.949	6.099	0.141
	B	23.585	2	11.792	24.387	0.039
	C	5.000	2	2.500	5.170	0.162
	误差 Pure error	0.967	2	0.484

表 4 方差分析

Table 4 Variance analysis

指标 Index	方差来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
$Q$	A	14.190	2	7.095	108.531	0.009^**
	B	30.242	2	15.121	231.311	0.004^**
	C	3.663	2	1.831	28.015	0.034^*
	误差 Pure error	0.131	2	0.065
F_b	A	5.898	2	2.949	6.099	0.141
	B	23.585	2	11.792	24.387	0.039
	C	5.000	2	2.500	5.170	0.162
	误差 Pure error	0.967	2	0.484

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