不同保水措施对南方季节性干旱区春玉米的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2011.03.17

›› 2011, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 102-107.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2011.03.17

• 资源环境生物药物生物质转化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同保水措施对南方季节性干旱区春玉米的影响

汤文光1,唐海明1,肖小平1,杨光立1,李茂松2

(1.湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125|2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081)

收稿日期:2011-03-07 修回日期:2011-04-14 出版日期:2011-06-15 发布日期:2011-06-15
通讯作者: 李茂松,研究员,主要从事农业减灾及农业灾害致灾机理研究工作。E-mail:limaos818@sina.com
作者简介:汤文光,副研究员,硕士,主要从事耕作生态学、农作制和节水减灾等方面研究。E-mail:tangwenguang@sina.com。
基金资助:
“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04B07-2);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2009hnnkycx30)资助。

Effects of Different Water-retaining Measures on Spring Maize in South Seasonal Drought Region

TANG Wen-guang1, TANG Hai-ming1, XIAO Xiao-ping1, YANG Guang-li1, LI Mao-song2

(1.Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125|2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

Received:2011-03-07 Revised:2011-04-14 Online:2011-06-15 Published:2011-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为缓解日益严重的南方季节性干旱危害,选取目前生产上相对实用的干旱防控技术措施,通过对春玉米干旱胁迫试验,模拟季节性干旱的发生,研究探讨了南方季节性干旱区域地膜覆盖(FM)、稻草覆盖(SM)、保水剂(SAP)和对照(无处理,CK)对春玉米保水抗旱及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,FM、SM、SAP同期土壤含水量最大分别增加了28.1%、13.55%和11.37%,叶绿素含量分别提高了26.1%、12.8%和10.2%,植株地上部全氮（N）、全钾（K）含量均显著高于CK,产量显著增加了33.80%、25.87%和13.59%。FM还显著提高了土壤温度,加快了玉米的生育进程,生育期缩短了6 d。上述结果说明,地膜覆盖能使玉米提早成熟,有利于避旱减灾,同时3种保水措施均能通过保蓄土壤水分,缓解季节性干旱危害,实现玉米增产增收。

关键词: 季节性干旱;春玉米;地膜覆盖;稻草覆盖;保水剂

Abstract:

In order to alleviate the increasing serious drought harm in south seasonal drought region, the effects of film mulching (FM), straw mulching (SM), super absorbent polymers (SAP) and without any treatment (CK) on yield and mechanism of water-saving, drought-resistant spring maize by simulating the occurrence of seasonal drought in this paper. The results showed that compared with the CK, the soil moisture was increased 28.10%, 13.55% and 11.37% when using FM, SM and SAP, respectively. Meanwhile the chlorophyll contents of corn leaves were increased 26.10%, 12.80%, 10.20%, respectively. The acumination of plant nutrients, such as the total nitrogen and potassium, were significantly higher under FM, SM and SAP conditions than the control. The yields of spring maize were increased by 33.80%, 25.87% and 13.59%, respectively. As a result, the soil temperature was increased and the whole growing period of spring maize was shortened with 6d by using FM. The above results indicated that the spring maize was of early maturity, thus could avoid drought harm by using FM. At the same time, the increased soil moisture could relieve the hazard of seasonal drought, so the yield of spring maize was promoted by FM, SM and SAP.

Key words: seasonal drought, spring maize, film mulching, straw mulching, super absorbent polymer

中图分类号:

S318
S513

汤文光1,唐海明1,肖小平1,杨光立1,李茂松2. 不同保水措施对南方季节性干旱区春玉米的影响[J]. , 2011, 13(3): 102-107.

TANG Wen-guang1, TANG Hai-ming1, XIAO Xiao-ping1, YANG Guang-li1, LI Mao-song2. Effects of Different Water-retaining Measures on Spring Maize in South Seasonal Drought Region[J]. , 2011, 13(3): 102-107.

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不同保水措施对南方季节性干旱区春玉米的影响

Effects of Different Water-retaining Measures on Spring Maize in South Seasonal Drought Region

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