江西省双季稻病虫害绿色防控技术模式探究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0321

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 129-138.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0321

• 动植物健康 • 上一篇

江西省双季稻病虫害绿色防控技术模式探究

王巍¹(), 谢莉娟¹, 肖东芽², 陈根生³, 谢靓³, 吴自明¹, 石绪根¹(), 李辉婕⁴()

^1.江西农业大学农学院, 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330045
^2.新干县农业农村局, 江西新干 331300
^3.峡江县农业农村局, 江西峡江 331409
^4.江西农业大学人文与公共管理学院, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2021-04-15 接受日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-10-11
通讯作者: 石绪根,李辉婕
作者简介:王巍 E-mail：275121346@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301604);国家自然科学基金项目(7196302);“科技+水利”联合计划项目(2022KSG01008)

Research on the Green Control Technology Model of Diseases and Insects in Double-cropping Rice in Jiangxi Province

Wei WANG¹(), Lijuan XIE¹, Dongya XIAO², Gensheng CHEN³, Liang XIE³, Ziming WU¹, Xugen SHI¹(), Huijie LI⁴()

^1.Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
^2.Xingan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jiangxi Xingan 331300, China
^3.Xiajiang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jiangxi Xiajiang 331409, China
^4.College of Humanities and Public Administration, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2021-04-15 Accepted:2021-06-01 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-10-11
Contact: Xugen SHI,Huijie LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为增加水稻种植效益，减少稻田化学农药的施用量，保障稻米品质和稻田生态环境，通过选用抗性品种、优化耕作栽培措施、加强肥水管理、种植蜜源植物、推行性引诱杀虫和频振杀虫灯、结合生物农药和应急化学农药、应用高效植保器械提高农业生产效率等技术措施，评估了江西省水稻病虫害绿色防控技术集成应用的可行性。2019—2020年分别在江西省新干县和峡江县进行了对比试验示范。以5种水稻主要病虫害为例，比较了不同施药方案对病虫害的防治效果，分析了用药成本和经济效益。结果表明，综合应用绿色防控技术可持续控制病虫害，“三虫两病”危害率降低2.62%~47.11%，产量增加0.35%~11.16%；每季药剂成本减少139.1元·hm^-2，降幅为7.84%。该技术模式简单易行、绿色环保、经济省工，应用前景广阔。

关键词: 江西, 水稻病虫害, 绿色防控, 技术模式

Abstract:

In order to increase the benefit of rice planting， minimize the application amount of chemical pesticides in rice fields， ensure the quality of rice and the ecological environment of the rice field， the feasibility of integrated application of green prevention and control technology of rice diseases and insect pests in Jiangxi province was evaluated by selecting resistant varieties， optimizing tillage and cultivation measures， strengthening fertilizer and water management， planting honey-source plants， implementing sex attract insecticidal and frequency vibration insecticidal lamps， combining biological pesticides and emergency chemical pesticides， and applying efficient plant protection equipment to improve agricultural production efficiency. In 2019—2020， comparative experiments were carried out in Xingan and Xiajiang counties of Jiangxi province. Taking 5 major rice diseases and insect pests as examples， the control effects of different pesticide application schemes on pest control were compared， the costs and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that the integrated application of green control technology to sustainable control of diseases and insect pests reduced the hazard rate of “three insects and two diseases” by 2.62%~47.11%； increased rice yield by 0.35%~11.16%； the costs per hectare of the use of chemicals had been reduced by 139.1 yuan·hm^-2 with a decrease of 7.84%. Due to the characteristics of environmental friendly， simply and easily， the green control technology should become a national main technology and have a good prospect to be used widely.

Key words: Jiangxi, rice diseases and insect pests, green control technology, technological model

中图分类号:

S511.4+2

王巍, 谢莉娟, 肖东芽, 陈根生, 谢靓, 吴自明, 石绪根, 李辉婕. 江西省双季稻病虫害绿色防控技术模式探究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(9): 129-138.

Wei WANG, Lijuan XIE, Dongya XIAO, Gensheng CHEN, Liang XIE, Ziming WU, Xugen SHI, Huijie LI. Research on the Green Control Technology Model of Diseases and Insects in Double-cropping Rice in Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(9): 129-138.

图/表 9

参考文献 23

1	夏敬源.我国重大农业生物灾害暴发现状与防控成效[J].中国植保导刊,2008,28(1):5-9.
	XIA J Y. Outbreaks of major agricultural pests and the control achievements in China [J]. China Plant Prot., 2008,28(1):5-9.
2	SIDDIQUE K H M, JOHANSEN C, TURNER N C, et al.. Innovations in agronomy for food legumes. a review [J]. Agron. Sustain. Develop., 2012,32(1):45-64.
3	BRUCE T J A, SMART L E, BIRCH A N E, et al.. Prospects for plant defence activators and biocontrol in IPM-concepts and lessons learnt so far [J]. Crop Prot., 2017, 97:128-134.
4	关晓溪,杨柳,曾远榆,等.贵州省水稻害虫绿色防控措施与思考[J].中国植保导刊,2020,40(12):92-94.
	GUAN X X, YANG L, ZENG Y Y, et al.. Measures on green control of rice pest in Guizhou province [J]. China Plant Prot., 2020, 40(12):92-94.
5	徐国峰.豫南稻区2018年水稻病虫害绿色防控集成技术示范与推广[J].种业导刊,2019(11):18-19.
	XU G F.Demonstration and promotion of integrated technology for green control of rice pest and pest in south henan rice region in 2018 [J]. J. Seed Ind. Guide, 2019(11):18-19.
6	贺雄,丁朝辉,胡立冬,等.生物与化学农药对早稻主要病害绿色防控技术初探[J].农药, 2020,59(1):68-73.
	HE X, DING C H, HU L D, et al.. Preliminary study on green control technology of biological and chemical pesticides on main diseases of early rice [J]. Agrochemicals, 2020, 59(1):68-73.
7	游世奇.福建长汀水稻二化螟绿色防控效果评价及效益分析[J].中国植保导刊,2020,40(5):65-66.
	YOU S Q. Evaluation and benefit analysis of Fujian Changting rice double borer [J]. China Plant Prot. 2020, 40(5):65-66.
8	何剑,苟红敏,李永平,等.城固县水稻病虫害绿色防控技术集成示范成效[J].中国植保导刊,2019,39(4):89-93.
	HE J, GOU H M, LI Y P, et al.. Integrated demonstration achievements of green prevention and control technology in Chenggu County [J]. China Plant Prot., 2019, 39(4):89-93.
9	GURR G M, LU Z X, ZHENG X S, et al.. Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture [J/OL]. Nat. Plants, 2016, 2:16014 [2021-02-02]. .
10	MATSON P A, PARTON W J, POWER A G, et al.. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties [J]. Science, 1997, 277(5325):1-2.
11	WOOD S A, KARP D S, DE CLERCK F, et al.. Functional traits in agriculture: agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services [J]. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2015, 30(9):531-539.
12	BOMMARCO R, KLEIJN D, POTTS S G. Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security [J]. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2013, 28(4):230-238.
13	农业部农药检定所. 农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治水稻叶部病害: [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
14	农业部农药检定所. 农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治水稻纹枯病: [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
15	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 粮谷中486种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法: [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
16	国家市场监督管理总局,国家卫生健康委员会. 食品中阿维菌素残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱/质谱法: [S].北京:中国标准出版社 2016.
17	赵正洪,戴力,黄见良,等.长江中游稻区水稻产业发展现状、问题与建议[J].中国水稻科学,2019,33(6):553-564.
	ZHAO Z H, DAI L, HUANG J L, et al.. Status, problems and solutions in rice industry development in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river [J]. Chin. J. Rice Sci., 2019, 33(6):553-564.
18	樊胜根.借鉴国际经验防范疫情带来的食物安全问题[N].中国科学报,2020-03-03(003).
19	周泉,黄国勤.江西省水稻绿色生产的问题与对策研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2020,41(2):9-15.
	ZHOU Q, HUANG G Q. Research on green development of rice in Jiangxi province [J]. Chin. J. Agric. Resour. Regional Planning, 2020, 41(2):9-15.
20	黄水金,刘剑青,秦文婧,等.二化螟越冬幼虫在稻株内的分布及其控制技术研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(11):91-93.
	HUANG S J, LIU J Q, QIN W J, et al.. Studieson distribution of over wintering larvae of chilo suppressalis (walker) in rice stemandlts control technique [J]. Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis, 2010, 22(11):91-93.
21	王国荣,韩尧平,沈蔷,等.施肥调节对水稻病虫害发生和产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(6):94-97.
	WANG G R, HAN Y P, SHEN Q, et al.. Effects of modified fertilizer application on rice pests, diseases and yields [J]. China Rice, 2015, 21(6):94-97.
22	莫晓畅,娄永根.水稻害虫化学生态调控研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):435-445.
	MO X C, LOU Y G. Review of the use of naturally occurring, ecologically active chemicals to regulate insect pests in rice crops [J]. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol., 2016, 53(3):435-445.
23	薛新宇,秦维彩,孙竹,等.N-3型无人直升机施药方式对稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟防治效果的影响[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(3):273-278.
	XUE X Y, QING W C, SUN Z, et al.. Effects of N-3 UAV spraying methods on the efficiency of insrcticides against planthoppers and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis [J]. J. Plant Prot., 2013, 40(3):273-278.

处理 Treatment	每季施药次数 Application times per season	药剂名称 Name of drugs	用药量 Appication dosage/（mL·hm^-2）
CK：农户自防Farmer's control	第1次First	5%阿维菌素 5% abamectin	2 250
	第1次First	20%辛硫酸20% lipoic acid	1 500
	第2次Second	5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		30%苯甲·丙环唑30% benzyl-propiazole	300
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
	第3次Third	40%水胺硫磷40% isocarbophos	1 500
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		80%杀虫单80% molosultap	1 500
		10%井冈·蜡芽菌10% Validamycin-Bacillus cereus	6 000
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
G：绿色防控Green control technology	第1次First	20%氯虫苯甲酰胺 20% chlorantraniliprole	225
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	225
		75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇75% NATIVO	150
	第2次Second	12%氟唑菌酰胺 12% fluxapyroxad	240
		20%呋虫胺 20% dinotefuran	150
		32 000 iu·mg^-1苏云金芽孢杆菌	1 500
		32 000 iu·mg^-1Bacillus thuringiensis	1 500
		10%四氯虫酰胺 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole	600

处理 Treatment	每季施药次数 Application times per season	药剂名称 Name of drugs	用药量 Appication dosage/（mL·hm^-2）
CK：农户自防Farmer's control	第1次First	5%阿维菌素 5% abamectin	2 250
	第1次First	20%辛硫酸20% lipoic acid	1 500
	第2次Second	5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		30%苯甲·丙环唑30% benzyl-propiazole	300
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
	第3次Third	40%水胺硫磷40% isocarbophos	1 500
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		80%杀虫单80% molosultap	1 500
		10%井冈·蜡芽菌10% Validamycin-Bacillus cereus	6 000
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
G：绿色防控Green control technology	第1次First	20%氯虫苯甲酰胺 20% chlorantraniliprole	225
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	225
		75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇75% NATIVO	150
	第2次Second	12%氟唑菌酰胺 12% fluxapyroxad	240
		20%呋虫胺 20% dinotefuran	150
		32 000 iu·mg^-1苏云金芽孢杆菌	1 500
		32 000 iu·mg^-1Bacillus thuringiensis	1 500
		10%四氯虫酰胺 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole	600

年 Year	季别Season	示范地Locality	处理Treatment	有效穗数 Panicle number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Filled grain percentage/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-²）
2019	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	324.33±10.81 ab	131.09±21.71 a	81.38±0.09 a	28.63±0.26 a	7 545.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	352.12±9.57 a	113.11±24.71 b	82.06±0.13 a	27.99±0.16 b	7 272.60 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	319.60±7.11 ab	147.11±42.05 a	80.47±0.08 a	27.54±0.18b	7 788.15 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	342.67±9.54 a	131.51±37.26 b	77.56±0.10 a	28.57±0.24 a	7 309.05 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	594.74±11.53 a	164.71±33.43 ab	85.31±0.05 a	21.17±2.06 a	8 628.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	557.78±12.31 ab	172.52±17.18 a	82.89±0.06 b	19.93±0.97 b	8 023.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	555.83±14.45 a	111.57±15.09 a	82.22±0.07 a	19.62±1.73 a	8 304.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	516.93±10.45 b	102.79±16.57 ab	81.93±0.02 a	17.44±0.97 b	7 321.05 b
2020	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	416.88±9.42 a	120.89±16.89a	83.21±0.06 a	21.34±0.21 a	8 361.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	411.32±11.84 a	117.39±14.26 a	82.28±0.05 a	21.45±0.69 a	7 861.50 b
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	344.62±10.80 a	111.63±14.89 a	85.27±0.06 a	22.38±0.53 a	7 252.65 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	305.71±9.58 a	125.04±45.15 a	80.00±0.09 b	22.13±0.26 a	6 651.40 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	389.08±10.82 a	115.77±10.25 a	64.28±0.10 a	20.17±1.24 a	6 081.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	379.91±10.47 a	113.11±24.71 a	61.57±0.03 a	19.33±0.84 b	5 800.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	287.09±9.47 a	166.87±10.25 a	79.27±0.13 a	16.56±1.67 a	7 098.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	294.04±10.65 a	151.62±15.88 a	77.19±0.14 a	15.87±0.62 a	6 274.63 b

年 Year	季别Season	示范地Locality	处理Treatment	有效穗数 Panicle number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Filled grain percentage/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-²）
2019	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	324.33±10.81 ab	131.09±21.71 a	81.38±0.09 a	28.63±0.26 a	7 545.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	352.12±9.57 a	113.11±24.71 b	82.06±0.13 a	27.99±0.16 b	7 272.60 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	319.60±7.11 ab	147.11±42.05 a	80.47±0.08 a	27.54±0.18b	7 788.15 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	342.67±9.54 a	131.51±37.26 b	77.56±0.10 a	28.57±0.24 a	7 309.05 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	594.74±11.53 a	164.71±33.43 ab	85.31±0.05 a	21.17±2.06 a	8 628.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	557.78±12.31 ab	172.52±17.18 a	82.89±0.06 b	19.93±0.97 b	8 023.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	555.83±14.45 a	111.57±15.09 a	82.22±0.07 a	19.62±1.73 a	8 304.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	516.93±10.45 b	102.79±16.57 ab	81.93±0.02 a	17.44±0.97 b	7 321.05 b
2020	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	416.88±9.42 a	120.89±16.89a	83.21±0.06 a	21.34±0.21 a	8 361.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	411.32±11.84 a	117.39±14.26 a	82.28±0.05 a	21.45±0.69 a	7 861.50 b
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	344.62±10.80 a	111.63±14.89 a	85.27±0.06 a	22.38±0.53 a	7 252.65 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	305.71±9.58 a	125.04±45.15 a	80.00±0.09 b	22.13±0.26 a	6 651.40 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	389.08±10.82 a	115.77±10.25 a	64.28±0.10 a	20.17±1.24 a	6 081.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	379.91±10.47 a	113.11±24.71 a	61.57±0.03 a	19.33±0.84 b	5 800.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	287.09±9.47 a	166.87±10.25 a	79.27±0.13 a	16.56±1.67 a	7 098.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	294.04±10.65 a	151.62±15.88 a	77.19±0.14 a	15.87±0.62 a	6 274.63 b

检测项目Test item	检测结果Test result	检出限Detection limit/ （mg·kg^-1）	检测方法参考标准Test method
阿维菌素 Abamectin	未检出 Not detect	0.007	GB 23200.20—2016^［16］
氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	未检出 Not detect	0.005	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
四氯虫酰胺 Tetrachlorantraniliprole	未检出 Not detect	0.003	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
呋虫胺 Dinotefuran	未检出 Not detect	0.002	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
氟唑菌酰胺 Fluxapyroxad	未检出 Not detect	0.005	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］

江西省双季稻病虫害绿色防控技术模式探究

Research on the Green Control Technology Model of Diseases and Insects in Double-cropping Rice in Jiangxi Province

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 23

相关文章 7

编辑推荐

Metrics

项目 Item	绿色防控区 Green control technology	农户自防区Farmer’s field	减少量Reduced	降幅 Decreased range/%
用药次数/（次·季^-1） Number of drugs/（frequency·quarterly^-1）	2	3	1	33.33
平均用药成本/（元·hm^-2） Average medication cost/（yuan·hm^-2）	785.25	1 099.35	141.60	12.88
振频杀虫灯、性诱剂成本/（元·hm^-2） Cost of vibration insecticidal lamps and sex attractants/（yuan·hm^-2）	610	—	—	—
施药费/（元·hm^-2） Drug cost/（yuan·hm^-2）	240	675	375	55.55
药工本费合计/（元·hm^-2） Cost of work/（yuan·hm^-2）	1 635.25	1 774.35	139.10	7.84

[1]	伏荣桃,陈诚,王剑,陈雪娟,卢代华*. 植保无人机对水稻病虫害防治条件与防效的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(4): 103-109.
[2]	江新凤, 孙永明, 童忠飞, 王新民, 黄尚书, 李阜光, 李琛, 江亮辉, . 菜籽饼肥施用深度对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(12): 172-178.
[3]	占俊文1,2,沈雪婷3,何宽信4,梁淑平1,李立新4,焦绍赫4,于建军2*. 江西烤烟柔软度与物理特性的关系分析及适宜区间研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(1): 131-137.
[4]	韩余,肖宏儒*,宋志禹,丁文芹. 我国茶园机械化作业模式研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(3): 74-81.
[5]	喻大昭[1] 曹雅忠[2] 杨小军[1] 杨立军[1] 王少南[1]. 农业结构调整与水稻病虫害的持续治理[J]. , 2007, 9(5): 68-72.
[6]	田晓莉李召虎段留生王保民何钟佩. 作物化学控制的研究进展及前景[J]. , 2004, 6(5): 11-15.
[7]	黄国勤. 江西粮食生产与粮食安全[J]. , 2004, 6(4): 28-32.