2000—2020年新疆阿克苏地区土地覆被变化的研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解析阿克苏地区土地覆被变化及其影响因素，采用土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局分析法，通过解译遥感影像绘制了不同年份的土地覆被变化现状图。结果表明，阿克苏地区的土地利用类型发生了显著变化。2000—2020年，阿克苏地区的耕地和城乡、居民工矿用地明显增多，其他类型的用地逐渐减少；同期气候呈暖干特点。相关性分析表明，不同年份的景观格局指数与6类用地面积的相关性存在一定差异：斑块数量与地类面积的相关性由2000年的0.6下降至2020年的0.3；景观分割指数与不同类型用地面积的相关性由2000年的0.6上升至2020年的0.9。草地向未利用地转移6 255 hm²，耕地向草地转移最多为3 706.16 hm²，未利用地向草地转移11 848.8 hm²。景观格局分析表明，该区域景观呈现破碎化，土地承载力下降，抵抗生态风险的能力减弱。

关键词: 土地覆被变化, 土地利用类型, 景观格局, 降水

Abstract:

To analyze the land cover change and its influencing factors in the Aksu region， the land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern analysis methods were used to interpret remote sensing images and draw a map of the current situation of land cover change in different years. The results showed that the land use types in the Aksu region had undergone significant changes. From 2000 to 2020， there had been a significant increase in arable land， urban and rural land in the Aksu region， while other land types had been decreasing. During the same period， the climate had shown a warm and dry characteristic. The correlation analysis showed that there were certain differences in the correlation between the landscape pattern index and the areas of 6 land types in different years. And the correlation between the number of patches and the area of land types decreased from 0.6 in 2000 to 0.3 in 2020， the correlation between the landscape segmentation index and land type area increased from 0.6 in 2000 to 0.9 in 2020. The transfer of grassland to unused land was 6 255 hm²， while the maximum transfer of arable land to grassland was 3 706.16 hm²， and the transfer of unused land to grassland was 11 848.8 hm². The landscape pattern analysis showed that the landscape in the Aksu area was fragmented， with a decrease in land carrying capacity and a weakened ability to resist ecological risks.

Key words: land cover change, land use type, landscape pattern, precipitation

中图分类号:

李云, 罗长莲, 武红旗, 柴仲平, 盛建东, 冯雷. 2000—2020年新疆阿克苏地区土地覆被变化的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 172-179.

Yun LI, Changlian LUO, Hongqi WU, Zhongping CHAI, Jiandong SHENG, Lei FENG. Land Cover Change in Aksu Region of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 172-179.

图/表 6

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类型Type	年份 Year
类型Type	2000	2020	变幅Range
耕地Plough	835 762.0	1 343 820.0	508 058.0
林地Forestland	465 385.0	543 679.0	78 294.0
草地Grassland	3 588 080.0	2 595 150.0	992 930.0
水域Water area	465 785.0	223 699.0	242 086.0
城乡居民工矿用地Urban and rural land	40 111.5	66 688.6	26 577.1
未利用地Unutilized land	7 378 710.0	8 002 850.0	624 140.0

类型Type	年份 Year
类型Type	2000	2020	变幅Range
耕地Plough	835 762.0	1 343 820.0	508 058.0
林地Forestland	465 385.0	543 679.0	78 294.0
草地Grassland	3 588 080.0	2 595 150.0	992 930.0
水域Water area	465 785.0	223 699.0	242 086.0
城乡居民工矿用地Urban and rural land	40 111.5	66 688.6	26 577.1
未利用地Unutilized land	7 378 710.0	8 002 850.0	624 140.0

类型 Type	草地Grassland	城乡工矿居民用地 Urban and rural land	耕地 Plough	林地 Forestland	水域 Waters	未利用地Unutilized land	总计 Total
草地Grassland	16 980.70	49.37	3 706.16	2 906.60	355.57	11 848.80	35 847.20
城乡居民工矿用地Urban and rural land	8.83	102.35	264.31	15.70	2.15	7.77	401.12
耕地Plough	417.27	333.72	7 067.34	308.82	57.45	171.67	8 356.26
林地Forestland	1615.29	14.85	800.19	1 546.95	90.12	579.90	4 647.30
水域Water area	629.02	2.82	128.13	135.71	1 454.87	2 273.86	4 624.41
未利用地Unutilized land	6 255.00	163.79	1 464.86	519.88	261.85	65 078.70	73 744.08
总计Total	25 906.10	666.89	13 431.00	5 433.67	2 222.01	79 960.70	127 620.37

类型 Type	草地Grassland	城乡工矿居民用地 Urban and rural land	耕地 Plough	林地 Forestland	水域 Waters	未利用地Unutilized land	总计 Total
草地Grassland	16 980.70	49.37	3 706.16	2 906.60	355.57	11 848.80	35 847.20
城乡居民工矿用地Urban and rural land	8.83	102.35	264.31	15.70	2.15	7.77	401.12
耕地Plough	417.27	333.72	7 067.34	308.82	57.45	171.67	8 356.26
林地Forestland	1615.29	14.85	800.19	1 546.95	90.12	579.90	4 647.30
水域Water area	629.02	2.82	128.13	135.71	1 454.87	2 273.86	4 624.41
未利用地Unutilized land	6 255.00	163.79	1 464.86	519.88	261.85	65 078.70	73 744.08
总计Total	25 906.10	666.89	13 431.00	5 433.67	2 222.01	79 960.70	127 620.37

年份Year	类型 Type	斑块密度PD	最大斑块指数 LPI	景观分割指数 DIVISION	分离度指数 SPLIT	景观聚集度指数 AI	斑块数量 NP	香农多样性指数SHDI
2000	水域Water area	0.002 7	1.711 5	0.999 7	3 165.665 3	63.274 9	351	1.117 2
	未利用地Unutilized land	0.005 6	23.093 8	0.909 9	11.096 0	91.723 7	719
	草地Grassland	0.006 2	12.907 8	0.979 5	48.878 5	77.375 7	798
	林地Forestland	0.004 7	0.291 9	1.000 0	28 726.412 6	53.223 3	597
	耕地Plough	0.001 9	2.107 5	0.999 1	1 172.776 9	69.470 1	249
	城乡居民工矿用地 Urban and rural land	0.002 5	0.017 2	1.000 0	10 393 695.160 0	15.177 6	324
2020	水域Water area	0.004 2	0.183 1	1.000 0	105 639.755 8	41.720 0	537	1.096 8
	未利用地Unutilized land	0.003 7	26.104 5	0.893 9	9.425 5	93.075 2	477
	草地Grassland	0.007 9	10.472 8	0.988 5	87.014 5	76.240 7	1 006
	林地Forestland	0.006 6	1.191 7	0.999 8	5 118.454 7	50.425 8	843
	耕地Plough	0.002 6	4.722 3	0.996 6	295.019 0	74.489 2	332
	城乡居民工矿用地 Urban and rural land	0.003 0	0.053 2	1.000 0	1 315 849.888 0	28.968 3	381