哈斯油梨果实炭疽病病原鉴定及杀菌剂敏感性测定

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为鉴定油梨炭疽病病原菌并筛选合适杀菌剂，在海南省儋州收集哈斯油梨在储存期间疑似炭疽病的油梨果实，对病果的病原菌进行分离并鉴定其种类，依据柯赫氏法则对分离菌株进行致病性测定，并采用菌丝生长速率法对9种杀菌剂进行敏感性测定。结果表明，通过形态学与多基因序列分析法鉴定，4个分离菌株均为炭疽菌（Colletotrichum siamense），对油梨果实有强致病力。供试9种杀菌剂中，咪鲜胺对油梨炭疽菌的毒力最强，平均有效抑制中浓度（EC₅₀）值为0.11 mg·L^-1；其次是嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、吡噻菌胺和多菌灵，平均EC₅₀值为2.09~4.29 mg·L^-1，即这6种杀菌剂对油梨炭疽菌有明显抑菌效果，可作为防治油梨炭疽病的候选药剂。以上研究结果将有助于油梨果实炭疽病的管理及防治策略的制订。

关键词: 油梨, 采后病害, 炭疽病, 病菌鉴定, 杀菌剂敏感性

Abstract:

To identify the pathogen of anthracnose in avocado and screen the suitable fungicides， fruit samples of Hass avocado suspected anthracnose disease from Danzhou city， Hainan province were sampled. And the pathogen was isolated and identified. The pathogenicity of strain was confirmed according to Koch’s postulate. And the sensitivity of pathogenic strain to 9 fungicides were evaluated in vitro using mycelium radial growth assay. The results showed that the 4 pathogenic strains were identified as Colletotrichum siamense according to the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences. All of 4 strains showed virulence and high pathogenicity to avocado fruits. Among 9 fungicides， prochloraz was the most effective with the mean effective inhibitory medium concentration （EC₅₀） values of 0.11 mg·L^-1， and azoxystrobin， difenoconazole， pyrazoxystrobin， penthiopyrad and carbendazim followed with mean EC₅₀ values ranged from 2.09 to 4.29 mg·L^-1. So these 6 above-mentioned fungicides exhibited strong inhibitory activities against the mycelial growth of C. siamense， which could be used as candidate agents for the control of avocado anthracnose. Above results should help in developing strategies for the management and control of anthracnose in avocado.

Key words: avocado, postharvest disease, anthracnose, pathogen identification, sensitivity to fungicides

中图分类号:

S432

刘锦霖, 陈莹莹, 蓝晓妹, 陈海永, 李鹏声, 覃碧, 杨叶. 哈斯油梨果实炭疽病病原鉴定及杀菌剂敏感性测定[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 138-146.

Jinlin LIU, Yingying CHEN, Xiaomei LAN, Haiyong CHEN, Pengsheng LI, Bi QIN, Ye YANG. Identification and Sensitivity to Fungicides of Pathogen Species of Hass Avocado Fruit Anthracnose[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 138-146.

图/表 8

参考文献 32

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种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	GenBank 注册号GenBank registration number
种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	ITS	ACT	TUB	CHS-1	GAPDH
炭疽菌 Colletotrichum sp.	SA0016	KP683152.1	KP683093.1	KP852490.1	KP852449.1	KP852469.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC01	OR354391.1	OR365236.1	OR365248.1	OR365240.1	OR365244.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC02	OR354392.1	OR365237.1	OR365249.1	OR365241.1	OR365245.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC03	OR354393.1	OR365238.1	OR365250.1	OR365242.1	OR365246.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC04	OR354394.1	OR365239.1	OR365251.1	OR365243.1	OR365247.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	ICMP18578	JX010171.1	JX009518.1	JX010404.1	JX009865.1	JX009924.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	CBS133251	—	KX093986.1	KX094289.1	KX094109.1	KX094186.1
果生炭疽菌 C. fructicola	ICMP18581	JX010165.1	JX009501.1	JX009866.1	JX010405.1	JX010033.1
果生炭疽菌 C. fructicola	CBS125397	JX010173.1	JX009581.1	—	—	JX010032.1
芭蕉炭疽菌 C. musae	BL01	JQ005777.1	JQ005840.1	JX010413.1	JQ005798.1	JX010050.1
胶孢炭疽菌 C. gloeosporioides	BL22	MN273080.1	MN273208.1	MN273240.1	MN273144.1	MN273112.1
昌平炭疽菌 C. changpingense	MFLUCC15	KY214473.1	KY214470.1	KY214474.1	KY214471.1	KY214472.1
隐秘炭疽菌 C. aenigma	ICMP18608	JX010244.1	JX009443.1	—	—	JX010044.1
长直孢炭疽菌 C. gigasporum	CBS125475	MH863697.1	KF687789.1	KF687874.1	KF687766.1	KF687836.1
龙血树炭疽菌 C. dracaenophilum	CBS119360	MG600711.1	MG600918.1	MG600978.1	MG600834.1	MG600774.1
云南炭疽菌 C. yunnanense	CBS132135	MH865960.1	JX519239.1	JX519248.1	JX519231.1	JX546706.1

种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	GenBank 注册号GenBank registration number
种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	ITS	ACT	TUB	CHS-1	GAPDH
炭疽菌 Colletotrichum sp.	SA0016	KP683152.1	KP683093.1	KP852490.1	KP852449.1	KP852469.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC01	OR354391.1	OR365236.1	OR365248.1	OR365240.1	OR365244.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC02	OR354392.1	OR365237.1	OR365249.1	OR365241.1	OR365245.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC03	OR354393.1	OR365238.1	OR365250.1	OR365242.1	OR365246.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	HNPC04	OR354394.1	OR365239.1	OR365251.1	OR365243.1	OR365247.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	ICMP18578	JX010171.1	JX009518.1	JX010404.1	JX009865.1	JX009924.1
暹罗炭疽菌 C. siamense	CBS133251	—	KX093986.1	KX094289.1	KX094109.1	KX094186.1
果生炭疽菌 C. fructicola	ICMP18581	JX010165.1	JX009501.1	JX009866.1	JX010405.1	JX010033.1
果生炭疽菌 C. fructicola	CBS125397	JX010173.1	JX009581.1	—	—	JX010032.1
芭蕉炭疽菌 C. musae	BL01	JQ005777.1	JQ005840.1	JX010413.1	JQ005798.1	JX010050.1
胶孢炭疽菌 C. gloeosporioides	BL22	MN273080.1	MN273208.1	MN273240.1	MN273144.1	MN273112.1
昌平炭疽菌 C. changpingense	MFLUCC15	KY214473.1	KY214470.1	KY214474.1	KY214471.1	KY214472.1
隐秘炭疽菌 C. aenigma	ICMP18608	JX010244.1	JX009443.1	—	—	JX010044.1
长直孢炭疽菌 C. gigasporum	CBS125475	MH863697.1	KF687789.1	KF687874.1	KF687766.1	KF687836.1
龙血树炭疽菌 C. dracaenophilum	CBS119360	MG600711.1	MG600918.1	MG600978.1	MG600834.1	MG600774.1
云南炭疽菌 C. yunnanense	CBS132135	MH865960.1	JX519239.1	JX519248.1	JX519231.1	JX546706.1

种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	GenBank 注册号GenBank registration number
种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	ITS	ACT	TUB	CHS-1	GAPDH
C. coelogynes	CBS 132504	MG600713.1	MG600920.1	MG600980.1	MG600836.1	MG600776.1
C. cattleyicola	CBS 17049	MG600758.1	MG600963.1	MG601025.1	MG600866.1	MG600819.1
大豆炭疽菌C. sojae	CBS 128510	MG600751.1	MG600956.1	MG601018.1	MG600862.1	MG600812.1
芭蕉生炭疽菌C. musicola	CBS 127557	MG600737.1	MG600943.1	MG601004.1	MG600854.1	MG600799.1
C. panamense	CBS 125386	MG600766.1	MG600970.1	MG601033.1	MG600873.1	MG600826.1
C. merremiae	CBS 124955	MG600765.1	MG600969.1	MG601032.1	MG600872.1	MG600825.1
短孢炭疽菌C. brevisporum	CBS 129958	MG600763.1	MG600967.1	MG601030.1	MG600870.1	MG600823.1
甘薯毛链孢Monilochaetes infuscans	CBS 869.96	JQ005780.1	JQ005843.1	JQ005864.1	JQ005801.1	JX546612.1

种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	GenBank 注册号GenBank registration number
种 Speices	菌株标号 Strain No.	ITS	ACT	TUB	CHS-1	GAPDH
C. coelogynes	CBS 132504	MG600713.1	MG600920.1	MG600980.1	MG600836.1	MG600776.1
C. cattleyicola	CBS 17049	MG600758.1	MG600963.1	MG601025.1	MG600866.1	MG600819.1
大豆炭疽菌C. sojae	CBS 128510	MG600751.1	MG600956.1	MG601018.1	MG600862.1	MG600812.1
芭蕉生炭疽菌C. musicola	CBS 127557	MG600737.1	MG600943.1	MG601004.1	MG600854.1	MG600799.1
C. panamense	CBS 125386	MG600766.1	MG600970.1	MG601033.1	MG600873.1	MG600826.1
C. merremiae	CBS 124955	MG600765.1	MG600969.1	MG601032.1	MG600872.1	MG600825.1
短孢炭疽菌C. brevisporum	CBS 129958	MG600763.1	MG600967.1	MG601030.1	MG600870.1	MG600823.1
甘薯毛链孢Monilochaetes infuscans	CBS 869.96	JQ005780.1	JQ005843.1	JQ005864.1	JQ005801.1	JX546612.1

杀菌剂Fungicide	剂量Dosage/（mg·L^-1）	溶剂Solvent
吡噻菌胺Penthiopyrad	0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0	丙酮Acetone
多菌灵Carbendazim	0.02、0.10、0.50、2.50、12.50	0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.50	丙酮Acetone
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0	丙酮Acetone
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0	丙酮Acetone
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0	丙酮Acetone
咯菌腈Fludioxonil	16、32、48、64、80	丙酮Acetone
百菌清Chlorothalonil	10、20、40、50、60	丙酮Acetone
溴菌腈Bromothalonil	50、75、100、150、200	丙酮Acetone