炭基猪粪肥对叶用甘薯产量及土壤Pb、Cd钝化效果的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0721

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为减轻长期施用猪粪有机肥导致的土壤重金属污染，长期定位试验设置3个有机肥替代化肥的梯度处理，即替代化肥总养分的25%（L）、50%（M）、100%（H），同时设4个生物炭梯度处理，即添加0%（B₀）、3%（B₁）、6%（B₂）、9%（B₃）生物炭，研究有机肥与生物炭配施对叶用甘薯产量、土壤镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）含量及Pb不同形态变化的影响。结果表明，猪粪有机肥和生物炭施用比例对叶用甘薯产量及土壤Pb含量存在显著性交互作用（P<0.05）。L、H用量有机肥处理下，B₃处理的叶用甘薯产量最高； B₁H和B₃L处理分别显著降低叶用甘薯Pb累积含量31.5%和37.6%。M用量有机肥处理中，随着生物炭添加量的增加，叶用甘薯Cd累积含量降低。生物炭配施可促进土壤Pb由生物有效性高的弱酸提取态、可还原态向低生物有效性的可氧化态和残渣态转化。以上结果表明，有机肥与生物炭合理配施可增加叶用甘薯产量，降低长期施用有机肥带来的重金属污染问题，提高土壤质量。

关键词: 农业废弃物, 畜禽粪便, 重金属形态, 土壤修复, 金属钝化

Abstract:

In order to relieve the heavy metal pollution of soil caused by prolonged utilization of organic pig manure fertilizer in vegetable cultivation， a long-term positioning experiment was used to investigate the impact of biochar combined with pig manure organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the accumulation of cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） in both soil and plant biomass， as well as alternations in the speciation of Pb ions within the soil matrix. 3 gradients of organic fertilizer treatments including 25% （L）， 50% （M） and 100% （H）， and 4 biochar treatments including 0%（B₀）， 3%（B₁）， 6%（B₂）， 9%（B₃） were designed. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the organic fertilizer application rate and the proportion of biochar in relation to leaf sweet potato yield and soil Pb content （P<0.05）. The treatments with L and H amount of organic fertilizer with B₃ biochar had the highest yield of leaf sweet potato. The B₁H and B₃L treatments significantly decreased the cumulative Pb content of leaf sweet potato with 31.5% and 37.6%. With the increase of biochar amount， the M treatment decreased the cumulative Cd content of leaf sweet potato. Combined application of organic fertilizer and biochar induced a shift in the chemical forms of Pb within the soil， promoting the transformation of Pb from an acid-extraction and reducible state， which as high bioavailability， to an oxidizable and residue state with reduced bioavailability. In conclusion， combined application of organic fertilizer and biochar could increase the yield of leaf sweet potato， reduce the heavy metal pollution caused by long-term application of organic fertilizer， and improve the soil quality.

Key words: agricultural waste, animal waste, heavy metal form, soil remediation, passivation

中图分类号:

S147.2

刘岑薇, 叶菁, 林怡, 李艳春, 王义祥. 炭基猪粪肥对叶用甘薯产量及土壤Pb、Cd钝化效果的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 169-178.

Cenwei LIU, Jing YE, Yi LIN, Yanchun LI, Yixiang WANG. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Pig Manure Fertilizer Combined with Biochar on Pb、Cd Passivation of Leaf Sweet Potato and Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 169-178.

图/表 6

表1 施肥处理及施用量

Table 1 Fertilization treatments and application amount

处理 Treatment	生物炭 Biochar/%	猪粪有机肥 Organic fertilizer with pig manure/（g·m^-2）	尿素 Urea/（g·m^-2）	过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂·H₂O/ （g·m^-2）	氯化钾 KCl/（g·m^-2）
CK	0	0	0.0	0.0	0
CF	0	0	78.4	186.6	45
B₀L	0	635	58.8	186.6	45
B₀M	0	1 280	39.2	186.6	45
B₀H	0	2 560	0.0	186.6	45
B₁L	3	635	58.8	186.6	45
B₁M	3	1 280	39.2	186.6	45
B₁H	3	2 560	0.0	186.6	45
B₂L	6	635	58.8	186.6	45
B₂M	6	1 280	39.2	186.6	45
B₂H	6	2 560	0.0	186.6	45
B₃L	9	635	58.8	186.6	45
B₃M	9	1 280	39.2	186.6	45
B₃H	9	2 560	0.0	186.6	45

图1 不同施肥处理下叶用甘薯的产量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Yield of leafy sweet potato under different fertilizer treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 双因素方差分析有机肥替代量和生物炭配施比例对作物产量及重金属的交互作用

Table 2 Two-factor variance analysis of organic fertilizer replacement amount and biochar accessory ratio on crop yield and heavy metals

指标 Index	生物炭 Biochar	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	生物炭×有机肥 Biochar × organic fertilizer
叶用甘薯产量 Yield of leaf sweet potato	*	**	**
叶用甘薯Pb Pb of leaf sweet potato	*	ns	ns
叶用甘薯Cd Cd of leaf sweet potato	ns	ns	ns
土壤Pb Pb of soil	**	ns	**
土壤Cd Pb of soil	ns	ns	ns

图2 不同施肥处理下叶用甘薯Pb、Cd的含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Pb and Cd content of leafy sweet potato under different fertilizer treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同施肥处理下土壤Pb、Cd的含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Pb and Cd content of soil under different fertilizer treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters in same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同施肥处理下土壤Pb形态分配率

Fig. 4 Distribution of Pb under different fertilizer treatments

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