关键词: 花生, 种植方式, 密植, 开花结实

Abstract: Taking peanut variety Yuanza 6 as material and adopting a split plot experiment, this paper investigated the changes in multiple indexes of summer-planting peanuts under different planting densities and planting modes, including group flowering phenology, group pod pegs formation and pod formation, yield traits etc., and discussed the effects of rational close planting on peanut group reproductive growth and yield. The results showed that comparing to planting density of 1.80×105 holes/hm2, the first flowering of peanuts grown at 2.25×105 holes/hm2 planting density would delay 1~2 d. The number of nodes on the first pair of lateral branches within 10 cm from base decreased by 10.29%; while, effective branching ratio increased by 8.50%; full fruit ratio and kernel percentage increased by 3.81% and 2.25%, respectively. The flowering time of peanuts grown in wide/narrow-row-spacing planting mode was 2~3 d ahead than that of equal-row-spacing planted peanuts, and the full fruit ratio and kernel percentage increased 3.03% and 1.58%, respectively. Comparing to single-seed planting, double-seed planting increased the effective branching ratio, full fruit ratio and kernel percentage by 10.60%, 3.70% and 1.43%, respectively. Under the condition of double-seed planting, wide/narrow-row-spacing planting mode with plant density of 2.25×105 holes/hm2, the peanuts had the highest amount of total group flowering (1 873.31×104 flowers/hm2). The numbers of group gynophores and groupfruit were also the most, reaching 1 365×104/hm2 and 488×104/hm2, respectively. Yuanza 6 was highly tolerant to compact planting. Therefore, in summer-planting appropriately increasing the planting density could effectively improve yield and perfect pod commodity.

Key words: peanut, planting pattern, close planting, flowering and fruiting