新疆天然草地时空变化及其对气候因子的响应

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0931

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于植被净初级生产力（net primary productivity，NPP）、归一化植被指数（normal difference vegetation index， NDVI）、气候因子（气温和降水量）等遥感数据，并借助于一元线性回归模型、相关性分析等方法，对新疆天然年草地NPP、NDVI的时空变化及其对气候因子的响应进行了分析。结果表明，新疆草地NPP和NDVI的年均值呈上升趋势，其中草地NPP的多年空间分布呈北高南低的趋势；草地NDVI由西北向东南呈逐渐降低的趋势。1985—2015年年均气温和降水量均呈上升趋势，总体表现为盆地年均气温高于山区，而山区年均降水量多于盆地。从空间分布来看，草地NPP和NDVI均表现为与降水量呈正相关的草地面积大于与气温呈正相关的草地面积，且与降水量的相关系数均高于与气温的相关系数。由此表明，降水量是新疆草地植被的主要影响因子，为应对气候变化提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 新疆草地, NPP, NDVI, 气候因子, 时空变化

Abstract:

Based on remote sensing data such as net primary productivity （NPP）， normal difference vegetation index （NDVI） and climate factors （temperature and precipitation）， the temporal and spatial variation of grassland NPP and grassland NDVI in Xinjiang and their responses to climate factors were analyzed by the unary linear regression model， correlation analysis and other methods. The results showed that the annual average values of grassland NPP and NDVI both showed an upward trend. The spatial distribution of grassland NPP over the years showed a trend of high in the north and low in the south， and the spatial distribution of grassland NDVI showed a trend of gradually decreasing from northwest to southeast. From 1985 to 2015， the average annual temperature and precipitation both showed an upward trend. Overall， the average annual temperature in the basin was higher than that in the mountainous area， and the average annual precipitation in the mountainous area was more than that in the basin. From the perspective of spatial correlation， whether it was grassland NPP or grassland NDVI， the area of grassland positively correlated with precipitation was larger than that of grassland positively correlated with temperature， and the correlation coefficient with precipitation was higher than that with temperature. It showed that precipitation was the main influencing factor of grassland vegetation in Xinjiang， which deepened the understanding of Xinjiang grassland’s response to climate factors and provided data support for the response to climate change.

Key words: Xinjiang grassland, NPP, NDVI, climate factors, temporal and spatial variation

中图分类号:

S812

赵苇康, 井长青, 陈宸. 新疆天然草地时空变化及其对气候因子的响应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 197-206.

Weikang ZHAO, Changqing JING, Chen CHEN. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Xinjiang Natural Grassland and Their Responses to Climate Factors[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 197-206.

图/表 6

图1 研究区位置

Fig. 1 Location of the study area

图2 1985—2015年新疆年均气温、年均降水量空间分布及时空变化A：年均气温的空间分布；B：年均降水的空间分布；C：年均气温的时间变化；D：年均降水的时间变化；E：气温变化率的空间分布；F：降水变化率的空间分布

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution and spatial variation of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2015A： Spatial distribution of mean annual temperature； B： Spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation； C： Temporal variation of mean annual temperature； D： Temporal variation of mean annual precipitation； E： Spatial distribution of temperature change rate； F： Spatial distribution of precipitation change rate

图3 新疆草地NPP、NDVI均值空间分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of mean NPP and NDVI of Xinjiang grassland

图4 新疆草地NPP、NDVI的时空变化A：NPP的时间变化；B：NDVI的时间变化；C：NPP变化的空间分布； D：NDVI变化的空间分布

Fig. 4 Temporal and spatial variation of NPP and NDVI of Xinjiang grasslandA： Temporal variation of NPP； B： Temporal variation of NDVI； C： Spatial distribution of NPP change； D： Spatial distribution of NDVI change

图 5 1985—2015年新疆草地NPP与气温、降水量相关性的空间分布

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of correlation between NPP and temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang grassland from 1985 to 2015

图6 1998—2015年新疆草地NDVI与气温、降水量的相关性空间分布

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of correlation between NDVI and temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang grassland from 1998 to 2015

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