不同砧木对吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄生长特性及果实品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0016

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 76-87.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0016

不同砧木对吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄生长特性及果实品质的影响

白世践¹(), 户金鸽¹, 吴久赟², 张雯³, 谢辉³, 赵荣华¹, 陈光¹, 蔡军社¹()

^1.新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所，新疆吐鲁番 838200
^2.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所，新疆吐鲁番 838000
^3.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-01-07 接受日期:2022-05-09 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-09-07
通讯作者: 蔡军社
作者简介:白世践 E-mail：594748964@qq.com；
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-29-30);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目(KY2020061)

Effects of Rootstocks on the Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grapes in Turpan Region

Shijian BAI¹(), Jinge HU¹, Jiuyun WU², Wen ZHANG³, Hui XIE³, Ronghua ZHAO¹, Guang CHEN¹, Junshe CAI¹()

^1.Research Institute of Grape and Melon Fruits in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Turpan 838200, China
^2.Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Turpan 838000, China
^3.Research Institute of Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-01-07 Accepted:2022-05-09 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-09-07
Contact: Junshe CAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄砧化栽培的优良砧木，以7个砧木嫁接的‘克瑞森无核’（CS）葡萄及‘克瑞森无核’葡萄自根树为试验材料，测定并分析不同砧穗组合及自根树生长特性和果实品质相关生理指标差异，采用主成分分析法对产量、品质性状进行综合评价。结果表明，砧木嫁接均显著减小了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄单叶质量，5BB、110R显著增大了叶绿素含量，SO4、河岸7号显著减小了叶绿素含量；山河3号和贝达嫁接的‘克瑞森无核’葡萄叶片表现出较强的光能转化效率及耐弱光能力。7个砧木均有效抑制了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄生长势，SO4嫁接的‘克瑞森无核’葡萄新梢长度、夏季生长量相比自根树减幅高达54.60%和99.57%，生长势最弱。7个砧木均显著增大了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果穗质量；山河3号、河岸7号、贝达、SO4、3309M和5BB显著增大了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄单株产量和果穗紧密度，以山河3号、河岸7号和贝达单株产量增幅最大，分别为618.49%、587.39%和534.45%；山河3号、河岸7号、贝达、SO4和5BB显著增大了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果粒质量，降低了葡萄萎蔫率，果粒质量增幅17.58%~69.92%，萎蔫率降幅74.96%~92.63%。山河3号、河岸7号、贝达、SO4和5BB显著降低了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄可溶性固形物含量，河岸7号、贝达、SO4和110R显著降低了‘克瑞森无核’葡萄可滴定酸含量；砧木嫁接的‘克瑞森无核’红色葡萄颜色指数、总花色苷含量均显著减小。对产量、品质相关的12项指标进行主成分分析，综合排序为：CS/贝达>CS/SO4>CS/河岸7号>CS/山河3号>CS/5BB>CS/3309M>CS/110R>自根树。综合分析认为，河岸7号可作为吐鲁番产区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄的优选砧木。

关键词: 砧木, ‘克瑞森无核’葡萄, 生长特性, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to select excellent rootstocks suitable for grafting cultivation of ‘Crimson seedless’ （CS） grapes in Turpan， CS grapes grafted on 7 rootstocks and CS rooting were selected as materials， the growth characteristics， fruit quality and other physiological indexes were measured， yield and quality traits were evaluated by principal component analysis （PCA）. The results showed that rootstock grafting significantly reduced the single leaf mass， 5BB and 110R significantly increased the chlorophyll content， SO4 and Hean 7 significantly reduced the chlorophyll content； the leaves of CS/Shanhe 3 and CS/Beta showed strong efficiency light energy conversion and low light tolerance. The growth potential was effectively inhibited by seven rootstocks， compared with rooting， the new shoot length and growth for CS/SO4 decreased by 54.60% and 99.57% during summer， growth potential of CS/SO4 was the weakest. Cluster mass were significantly increased by grafted； Shanhe 3， Hean 7， Beta， SO4， 3309M and 5BB significantly increased the yield per plant and cluster density， the yield per plant of Shanhe 3， Hean 7 and Beta increased by 618.49%， 587.39% and 534.45%， respectively. Shanhe 3， Hean 7， Beta， SO4 and 5BB significantly increased the berry mass and significantly reduced the grapes wilting rate， the berry mass increased by 17.58% to 69.92%， and the wilting rate decreased by 74.96% to 92.63%. Shanhe 3， Hean 7， Beta， SO4 and 5BB significantly reduced the soluble solid， and Hean 7， Beta， SO4 and 110R significantly reduced the titratable acid content， the coloring index of red grapes and total anthocyanin content were significantly reduced by grafted. Principal component analysis was carried out according to 12 indexes related to yield and quality， the comprehensive evaluation were CS/Beta>CS/SO4>CS/Hean 7>CS/Shanhe 3>CS/5BB>CS/3309M>CS/110R>CS rooting. Taken together， Hean 7 could be used as the preferred rootstock for ‘Crimson seedless’ grapes in Turpan.

Key words: rootstock, ‘Crimson seedless’ grapes, growth characteristics, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

白世践, 户金鸽, 吴久赟, 张雯, 谢辉, 赵荣华, 陈光, 蔡军社. 不同砧木对吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄生长特性及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 76-87.

Shijian BAI, Jinge HU, Jiuyun WU, Wen ZHANG, Hui XIE, Ronghua ZHAO, Guang CHEN, Junshe CAI. Effects of Rootstocks on the Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grapes in Turpan Region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 76-87.

图/表 9

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砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	单叶质量 Single leaf mass/g	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g^-1）	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/（mg·g^-1）
CS/5BB	3.97±0.09 f	1.83±0.10 a	0.71±0.05 a	0.45±0.03 a	2.58±0.05 c	2.53±0.15 a
CS/SO4	4.04±0.06 f	1.12±0.12 f	0.36±0.04 d	0.29±0.04 d	3.17±0.05 a	1.48±0.17 f
CS/3 309M	5.04±0.05 d	1.60±0.05 bc	0.56±0.02 bc	0.38±0.02 bc	2.84±0.01 b	2.17±0.07 bc
CS/110R	6.12±0.06 b	1.65±0.04 b	0.60±0.02 b	0.42±0.00 ab	2.76±0.05 bc	2.25±0.05 b
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	5.53±0.09 c	1.54±0.04 bcd	0.55±0.02 bc	0.39±0.01 bc	2.79±0.03 b	2.12±0.05 bcd
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	4.96±0.07 d	1.31±0.06 e	0.41±0.03 d	0.29±0.01 d	3.22±0.05 a	1.71±0.08 e
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	4.73±0.07 e	1.41±0.06 de	0.51±0.02 c	0.37±0.01 c	2.79±0.19 b	1.92±0.04 d
自根树 CS rooting	8.33±0.11 a	1.48±0.06 cd	0.52±0.04 c	0.35±0.01 c	2.83±0.10 b	2.00±0.10 cd

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	单叶质量 Single leaf mass/g	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g^-1）	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/（mg·g^-1）
CS/5BB	3.97±0.09 f	1.83±0.10 a	0.71±0.05 a	0.45±0.03 a	2.58±0.05 c	2.53±0.15 a
CS/SO4	4.04±0.06 f	1.12±0.12 f	0.36±0.04 d	0.29±0.04 d	3.17±0.05 a	1.48±0.17 f
CS/3 309M	5.04±0.05 d	1.60±0.05 bc	0.56±0.02 bc	0.38±0.02 bc	2.84±0.01 b	2.17±0.07 bc
CS/110R	6.12±0.06 b	1.65±0.04 b	0.60±0.02 b	0.42±0.00 ab	2.76±0.05 bc	2.25±0.05 b
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	5.53±0.09 c	1.54±0.04 bcd	0.55±0.02 bc	0.39±0.01 bc	2.79±0.03 b	2.12±0.05 bcd
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	4.96±0.07 d	1.31±0.06 e	0.41±0.03 d	0.29±0.01 d	3.22±0.05 a	1.71±0.08 e
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	4.73±0.07 e	1.41±0.06 de	0.51±0.02 c	0.37±0.01 c	2.79±0.19 b	1.92±0.04 d
自根树 CS rooting	8.33±0.11 a	1.48±0.06 cd	0.52±0.04 c	0.35±0.01 c	2.83±0.10 b	2.00±0.10 cd

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	表观量子效率 AQY/（µmol·mol^-1）	最大净光合速率 P_nmax/（µmol·m^-2·s^-1）	光补偿点 LCP/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	暗呼吸速率 R_d/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CS/5BB	0.12±0.01 cd	13.17±1.28 b	45.05±3.34 bc	3.85±0.28 a
CS/SO4	0.07±0.01 e	6.86±0.68 d	83.24±5.71 a	2.97±0.09 d
CS/3309M	0.06±0.02 e	9.28±0.62 c	77.45±10.09 a	3.14±0.05 cd
CS/110R	0.10±0.01 d	9.02±0.78 c	47.53±5.46 b	3.21±0.20 cd
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	0.18±0.01 a	16.18±1.47 a	25.88±2.24 e	3.55±0.29 abc
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	0.15±0.02 b	10.53±0.42 c	39.18±4.12 cd	3.66±0.24 ab
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	0.13±0.01 bc	16.18±0.80 a	31.77±1.96 de	3.14±0.22 cd
自根树 CS rooting	0.15±0.02 b	13.99±1.62 b	33.82±2.79 d	3.32±0.33 bcd

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	表观量子效率 AQY/（µmol·mol^-1）	最大净光合速率 P_nmax/（µmol·m^-2·s^-1）	光补偿点 LCP/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	暗呼吸速率 R_d/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CS/5BB	0.12±0.01 cd	13.17±1.28 b	45.05±3.34 bc	3.85±0.28 a
CS/SO4	0.07±0.01 e	6.86±0.68 d	83.24±5.71 a	2.97±0.09 d
CS/3309M	0.06±0.02 e	9.28±0.62 c	77.45±10.09 a	3.14±0.05 cd
CS/110R	0.10±0.01 d	9.02±0.78 c	47.53±5.46 b	3.21±0.20 cd
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	0.18±0.01 a	16.18±1.47 a	25.88±2.24 e	3.55±0.29 abc
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	0.15±0.02 b	10.53±0.42 c	39.18±4.12 cd	3.66±0.24 ab
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	0.13±0.01 bc	16.18±0.80 a	31.77±1.96 de	3.14±0.22 cd
自根树 CS rooting	0.15±0.02 b	13.99±1.62 b	33.82±2.79 d	3.32±0.33 bcd

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	初始荧光值F_o	最大荧光值F_m	PSⅡ潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o	PSⅡ最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	实际光化学效率Φ_PSⅡ	非光化学猝灭系数NPQ	PSⅡ电子传递速率ETR
CS/5BB	6.57±0.16 b	77.00±8.00 ab	10.73±0.42 b	0.92±0.01 a	0.72±0.02 cd	0.70±0.05 a	3.11±0.18 c
CS/SO4	6.00±0.09 c	77.60±12.99 a	12.13±0.51 ab	0.92±0.01 a	0.72±0.02 cd	0.47±0.04 d	3.65±0.22 ab
CS/3309M	5.53±0.20 d	62.42±7.93 abc	10.43±0.20 bc	0.91±0.01 ab	0.68±0.02 d	0.70±0.05 a	3.08±0.12 c
CS/110R	5.50±0.38 d	60.08±9.47 bc	10.11±0.28 bc	0.91±0.02 ab	0.73±0.02 c	0.67±0.10 ab	3.25±0.13 c
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	5.55±0.22 d	73.64±5.63 ab	12.26±0.43 a	0.93±0.01 a	0.76±0.02 b	0.54±0.02 cd	3.35±0.29 bc
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	5.04±0.24 e	46.25±6.06 c	8.24±0.22 e	0.89±0.01 bc	0.71±0.01 cd	0.58±0.05 bc	3.25±0.19 c
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	7.08±0.22 a	76.78±12.12 ab	9.82±0.15 cd	0.91±0.02 ab	0.84±0.03 a	0.35±0.02 e	3.84±0.19 a
自根树 CS rooting	5.53±0.25 d	51.22±6.67 c	9.44±0.36 d	0.88±0.02 c	0.72±0.01 cd	0.64±0.02 ab	3.22±0.17 c

不同砧木对吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄生长特性及果实品质的影响

Effects of Rootstocks on the Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grapes in Turpan Region

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砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	新梢长度 Shoot length/cm	新梢叶片数 Leaf number of shoot	夏季生长量 Summer growth/ （kg·plant^-1）	新梢粗度 Shoot thickness/mm	接穗径粗 Scion thickness/mm	砧木径粗 Rootstock thickness/mm	穗砧粗度比 Ratio of rootstock to scion thickness
CS/5BB	226.5±23.33 d	35.75±3.35 abc	1.35±0.05 c	13.09±0.13 c	58.38±3.81 a	42.14±2.68 a	1.37±0.03 bc
CS/SO4	163.00±19.91 e	32.00±4.51 bc	0.05± 0.04 d	12.46±0.17 d	46.62±8.06 bc	32.07±7.77 bc	1.46±0.15 abc
CS/3309M	232.5±21.41 d	30.75±2.39 c	1.59±0.07 c	11.38±0.14 f	51.96±4.97 ab	36.57±2.48 ab	1.42±0.12 abc
CS/110R	283.00±19.79 bc	40.50±3.20 a	1.60±0.11 c	11.28±0.16 f	39.69±6.19 c	29.65±6.15 c	1.35±0.11 c
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	302.05±15.17 b	38.00±6.96 ab	2.78±0.21 b	12.06±0.20 e	57.96±9.24 a	38.06±4.54 ab	1.51±0.11 a
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	246.75±19.14 cd	35.25±2.28 abc	1.21±0.12 c	10.78±0.29 g	44.57±5.59 bc	36.84±6.01 ab	1.22±0.08 d
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	310.75±29.06 b	34.75±2.28 abc	3.37±0.15 b	13.76±0.21 b	49.39±0.56 b	33.18±1.29 bc	1.49±0.07 ab
自根树 CS rooting	359.00±29.14 a	39.75±2.05 a	11.62±1.03 a	16.03±0.20 a	51.2±5.83 ab	—	—

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	果穗质量 Cluster mass/g	果粒质量 Berry mass/g	果穗紧密度Cluster density	萎蔫率 Wilting rate/%	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	横径 Transverse diameter/ mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	色泽指数CIRG	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg
CS/5BB	370.05±64.81 bc	3.01±0.09 d	3.95±0.29 c	3.87±0.67 de	22.72±0.65 bc	15.02±0.34 bc	1.51±0.05 ab	2.34±0.36 cd	4.27±0.74 bc
CS/SO4	443.33±98.10 bc	4.35±0.16 a	5.03±13 b	3.01±0.65 de	25.61±1.32 a	16.50±0.69 a	1.55±0.04 a	2.40±0.21 cd	3.71±0.63 bc
CS/3309M	426.67±44.97 bc	2.62±0.08 e	3.71±0.14 c	31.32±2.18 a	20.11±0.94 e	13.32±0.95 d	1.51±0.04 ab	3.58±0.27 b	4.84±0.41 b
CS/110R	290.00±99.33 c	2.56±0.05 e	1.77±0.44 d	27.96±1.80 b	20.26±1.11 de	13.55±1.27 d	1.50±0.09 abc	3.91±0.39 ab	2.75±0.21 cd
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	506.67±81.79 b	3.26±0.09 c	5.10±0.11 b	1.53±0.74 e	21.69±0.51 cd	15.05±0.58 bc	1.44±0.05 bcd	2.34±0.50 cd	8.55±0.46 a
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	420.00±35.59 bc	3.63±0.10 b	6.33±0.10 a	5.20±0.79 d	23.34±1.40 b	15.55±0.82 ab	1.50±0.04 abc	2.69±0.09 c	8.18±1.55 a
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	710.69±69.77 a	3.74±0.07 b	6.04±0.15 a	1.59±0.49 e	22.75±1.25 bc	16.22±0.35 a	1.40±0.09 d	2.14±0.10 d	7.55±0.88 a
自根树 CS rooting	123.33±32.99 d	2.56±0.13 e	1.96±0.14 d	20.77±1.23 c	20.26±0.97 de	14.34±0.64 cd	1.41±0.06 cd	4.03±0.26 a	1.19±0.05 d

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	可溶性固形物TSS/（°Brix）	可滴定酸TA/%	固酸比 TSS/TA	维生素C Vc/（mg·kg^-1）	总类黄酮 Total flavonoids/ （mg·g^-1）	总花色苷 Total anthocyanins/（mg·g^-1）	口感 Taste
CS/5BB	19.23±0.47 d	0.70±0.03 ab	27.51±0.85 c	33.72±0.28 de	7.45±0.22 f	0.10±0.00 d	肉脆、酸甜 Crisp， sour-sweet
CS/SO4	19.15±0.31 d	0.53±0.04 d	36.29±3.16 b	33.09±0.39 e	8.86±0.10 e	0.09±0.01 d	肉脆、酸甜适中 Crisp， sweet and sour moderate
CS/3309M	24.28±0.13 a	0.64±0.00 bc	38.09±0.24 ab	39.27±0.44 b	10.06±0.14 d	0.27±0.05 c	肉软、甜 Soft， sweet
CS/110R	24.11±0.37 a	0.58±0.04 cd	42.13±4.03 a	35.49±0.49 c	9.00±0.10 e	0.56±0.10 b	肉软、甜 Soft， sweet
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	20.42±0.37 c	0.71±0.05 a	28.84±3.05 c	3.42±0.04 d	12.03±0.13 b	0.17±0.02 d	肉脆、酸甜 Crisp， sour-sweet
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	23.13±0.28 b	0.61±0.02 c	37.79±0.84 b	35.94±0.27 c	11.25±0.11 c	0.16±0.03 d	肉脆、酸甜适中 Crisp， sweet and sour moderate
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	20.78±0.49 c	0.61±0.02 c	33.97±2.09 b	33.53±0.41 de	12.59±0.12 a	0.11±0.01 d	肉脆、酸甜适中 Crisp， sweet and sour moderate
自根树 CS rooting	24.04±0.13 a	0.71±0.03 a	33.81±1.89 b	41.05±0.59 a	11.81±0.25 b	0.75±0.05 a	肉软、酸甜适中 Soft， sweet and sour moderate

主成分 Principle component	特征值 Eigrnvalue	贡献率 Contribution ratio/%	累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio/%
P₁	6.946	57.886	57.886
P₂	2.059	17.156	75.042
P₃	1.777	14.808	89.850

指标 Index	主成分Principle component
指标 Index	P₁	P₂	P₃
果穗质量 Cluster mass	0.819	0.104	0.361
果粒质量 Berry mass	0.829	0.367	0.029
果穗紧密度 Cluster density	0.893	0.024	0.367
萎蔫率 Wilting rate	0.904	-0.211	-0.143
单株产量 Yield per plant	0.741	-0.192	0.532
可溶性固形物 TSS	-0.823	0.077	0.525
可滴定酸 TA	0.170	0.977	0.064
固酸比 TSS/TA	-0.456	0.797	0.382
维生素 C Vc	-0.826	-0.259	0.304
总类黄酮 Total flavonoids	0.091	-0.387	0.823
CIRG	-0.990	0.093	0.097
总花色苷 Total anthocyanins	-0.917	-0.106	0.049

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	主成分得分 Principle component score				排名 Ranking
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	F₁	F₂	F₃	F	排名 Ranking
CS/5BB	1.19	-1.12	-2.50	0.14	5
CS/SO4	2.05	2.08	-1.17	1.53	2
CS/3309M	-2.08	0.29	0.90	-1.14	6
CS/110R	-3.09	1.68	-0.33	-1.72	7
CS/山河3号 CS/Shanhe 3	1.99	-1.87	0.41	0.99	4
CS/河岸7号 CS/Hean 7	1.15	0.43	1.43	1.06	3
CS/贝达 CS/Beta	2.80	0.01	1.30	2.02	1
自根树 CS rooting	-4.00	-1.50	-0.04	-2.87	8

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