生态因子对林地参和农田参质量差异的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0081

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 213-223.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0081

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

生态因子对林地参和农田参质量差异的影响

徐哲丰¹(), 刘春铄¹, 廖旭东², 隋佳宏², 陈雨秋¹, 陈长宝¹, 张涛¹^,²(), 魏丽娜³()

^1.长春中医药大学吉林省人参科学研究院, 长春 130117
^2.长春中医药大学药学院, 长春 130117
^3.长春中医药大学附属医院, 长春 130021

收稿日期:2023-02-09 接受日期:2023-04-20 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-13
通讯作者: 张涛,魏丽娜
作者简介:徐哲丰 E-mail：2425747320@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82204556);吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202303CGZH011);吉林省自然科学基金项目(YDZJ202201ZYTS276);长春中医药大学创新创业训练计划项目;吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202101ZYTS012);第五批吉林省青年科技人才托举工程项目(QT202117);吉林省重大科技专项(20200504003YY)

Effects of Ecological Factors on Quality Difference Between Forestland Ginseng and Farmland Ginseng

Zhefeng XU¹(), Chunshuo LIU¹, Xudong LIAO², Jiahong SUI², Yuqiu CHEN¹, Changbao CHEN¹, Tao ZHANG¹^,²(), Lina WEI³()

^1.Jilin Ginseng Academy，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^2.College of Pharmacy，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^3.Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130021，China

Received:2023-02-09 Accepted:2023-04-20 Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-13
Contact: Tao ZHANG,Lina WEI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态环境是导致林地参和农田参质量差异的重要影响因素，以林地参和农田参中人参皂苷含量为指标分析其质量差异，测定根际土壤理化性质，并对测定结果进行相关性、多元逐步回归、变异系数、偏最小二乘法判别和层次分析法综合评价。结果显示，林地参和农田参中人参皂苷含量及其根际土壤理化性质差异显著；变异系数分析显示，农田参中大部分生态因子指标变异系数大于林地参；相关性、多元逐步回归和偏最小二乘法判别分析显示最高气温、最低气温、pH、碱解氮、有效磷等土壤因子与人参皂苷的相关性显著；层次分析结果显示，不同栽培模式的土壤质量差异显著。多项统计结果表明，最高气温、最低气温、pH是影响人参皂苷含量的主要因子，其次为碱解氮、有效磷和土壤含水量。以上结果表明，最高气温、最低气温、pH、碱解氮、有效磷和土壤含水量是影响林地参和农田参质量的重要原因，研究结果为解析人参质量形成和种植生产提供理论依据。

关键词: 林地参, 农田参, 人参皂苷, 生态因子, 质量评价

Abstract:

The ecological environment is an important influencing factor that leads to differences in the quality of forestland ginseng and farmland ginseng. The content of ginsenosides in forestland ginseng and farmland ginseng was used as an indicator to analyze their quality differences， determined the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil， and conducted correlation， multiple stepwise regression， coefficient of variation， partial least squares discriminant analysis， and analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation analysis on the measurement results. The results showed that there were significant differences in ginsenoside content and soil physicochemical properties between forestland ginseng and farmland ginseng. Analysis of coefficient of variation showed that the coefficient of variation of most ecological factor indicators in farmland ginseng was greater than that in forestland ginseng. The results of correlation， multiple stepwise regression， and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed a significant correlation between soil factors such as the highest temperature， the lowest temperature， pH， alkaline nitrogen， and available phosphorus with ginsenosides. The results of the analytic hierarchy process showed significant differences in soil quality among different cultivation modes. Multiple statistical results showed that the highest temperature， the lowest temperature， and pH were the main factors affecting the content of ginsenosides， while alkaline nitrogen， available phosphorus， and soil moisture were secondary factors. Above results indicated that the highest temperature， the lowest temperature， pH， alkaline nitrogen， available phosphorus， and soil moisture were important factors affecting the quality differences between forestland ginseng and farmland ginseng. The results provided a theoretical basis for analyzing the formation of ginseng quality and planting production.

Key words: forestland ginseng, farmland ginseng, ginsenoside, ecological factors, quality evaluation

中图分类号:

S567.5+1

徐哲丰, 刘春铄, 廖旭东, 隋佳宏, 陈雨秋, 陈长宝, 张涛, 魏丽娜. 生态因子对林地参和农田参质量差异的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 213-223.

Zhefeng XU, Chunshuo LIU, Xudong LIAO, Jiahong SUI, Yuqiu CHEN, Changbao CHEN, Tao ZHANG, Lina WEI. Effects of Ecological Factors on Quality Difference Between Forestland Ginseng and Farmland Ginseng[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 213-223.

图/表 16

图1 青椅山镇、太平哨镇、下露河和镇江镇2021年5—10月气候因子注：红色代表最高气温（℃），蓝色代表最低气温（℃），黑色代表平均气温（℃），绿色代表平均相对湿度（%），紫色代表平均降水量（mm）。

Fig. 1 Climate factors of Qingyishan town， Taipingshao town， Xialu river and Zhenjiang town from May to October of 2021Note： Red represents the highest temperature （℃）， blue represents the lowest temperature （℃）， black represents the average temperature （℃）， green represents the average relative humidity （%）， and purple represents the average precipitation （mm）.

表 1 林地参与农田参相关信息

Table 1 Related information of tested sample

类别 Category	编号 No.	采收地址 Sampling address	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude
林地参 Forestland ginseng	L1	镇江镇杨林村 Yanglin village， Zhenjiang town	40°40′43.58″N	124°37′17.81″E
	L2	太平哨镇乔家沟 Qiaojiagou， Taipingshao town	40°44′10.04″N	125°18′5.86″E
	L3	下露河二道阳岔 Erdaoyangcha， Xialu river	40°52′21.32″N	125°09′54.44″E
农田参 Farmland ginseng	N1	青椅山镇大沟子村 Dagouzi village， Qingyishan town	40°53′42.14″N	125°30′48.56″E
	N2	青椅山镇青椅山村对面 Opposite to Qingyishan village， Qingyishan town	40°40′43.11″N	124°37′14.56″E
	N3	青椅山镇梨树园 Lishu garden， Qingyishan town	40°39′16.68″N	124°42′53.44″E

表 2 人参皂苷含量和生态因子的变异系数 (%)

Table 2 Variation coefficients of ginsenoside content and ecological factors

评价指标 Evaluation Index	林地参 Forestland ginseng	农田参 Farmland ginseng	评价指标 Evaluation Index	林地参 Forestland ginseng	农田参 Farmland ginseng
Rg1	6.24	6.50	Ti	10.23	42.55
Re	4.63	3.36	Fe	15.58	41.09
Rb1	2.05	5.86	Mo	29.55	33.25
总皂苷Total saponins	3.66	7.29	V	23.48	31.66
Li	19.32	29.84	Cr	31.50	49.89
Co	29.85	44.92	Mn	8.11	33.24
Ni	29.70	66.29	Pb	24.15	28.65
Cu	21.13	39.01	Cd	15.12	55.45
As	9.65	24.10	Hg	9.67	26.74
Sn	13.10	26.01	水分Moisture content	18.53	28.16
Sb	16.81	26.91	pH	3.10	6.43
Mg	11.92	5.75	电导率Conductivity	82.04	60.47
Si	47.14	96.56	容重Bulk density	40.87	16.69
Ca	13.20	58.18	有机质Organic matter	47.18	27.08
Zn	9.56	32.40	最高气温The highest temperature	0.73	0.00
N	9.47	26.10	最低气温The lowest temperature	11.32	0.00
P	15.36	48.96	平均气温Average temperature	4.92	0.00
Ba	2.05	22.12	平均相对湿度Average relative humidity	3.77	0.00
K	0.21	4.75	平均降水量Average precipitation	24.56	0.00
Al	9.28	4.54

图2 林地参和农田参

Fig. 2 Forestland ginseng and farmland ginseng

图3 林地参和农田参人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和总皂苷含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.3 Contents of ginsenosides Rg1， Re， Rb1 and total saponins in forestland ginseng and farmland ginsengNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 农田参与林地参根际土壤含水量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Moisture content of rhizosphere soil in farmland ginseng and forestland ginsengNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 农田参与林地参根际土壤容重注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P <0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Bulk density of rhizosphere soil in farmland ginseng and forestland ginsengNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 农田参与林地参根际土壤pH注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 pH of rhizosphere soil in farmland ginseng and forestland ginsengNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 农田参与林地参根际土壤电导率和有机质含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 Conductivity and organic matter content of rhizosphere soil in farmland ginseng and forestland ginsengNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图8 农田参与林地参根际土壤元素含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 8 Contents of elements in farmland ginseng rhizosphere soil and forestland ginseng rhizosphere soilNote： Different lowercase letters in same measurement index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图9 生态因子与人参皂苷含量的相关性分析注：WC—土壤含水量；C—电导率；BD—容重；OM—有机质；HT—最高气温；LT—最低气温；AT—平均气温；ARH—平均相对湿度；AP—平均降水量. *和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著相关。

Fig. 9 Correlation analysis between ecological factors and ginsenoside contentNote：WC—Soil moisture content； C—Conductivity； BD—Bulk density； OM—Organic matter； HT—The highest temperature； LT—The lowest temperature； AT—Average temperature； ARH—Average relative humidity； AP—Average precipitation. * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

表3 人参皂苷与气候和根际土壤因子的逐步回归分析

Table 3 Stepwise regression analysis of ginsenoside， climate factors and rhizosphere soil factors

指标 Index	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R²	F值 F value	P值 P value
Rg1	y=-0.906-0.417X32-0.008X25-0.000 066X13-0.000 044X16	1.000	395 264.034	0.000
Re	y=-6.673+0.498X32+0.542X31	0.999	889.742	0.000
Rb1	y=5.807+0.432X32	0.953	39.275	0.003
总皂苷 Total saponins	y=-91.106+4.405X31	0.947	34.836	0.004

表 4 人参皂苷与气候和根际土壤因子的通径分析

Table 4 Path analysis of ginsenoside， climate factors and rhizosphere soil factors

成分 Component	变量 Variable	直接系数 Direct coefficient	通过X13 Through X13	通过X16 Through X16	通过X25 Through X25	通过X32 Through X32	通过X35 Through X35	通过X36 Through X36
Rg1	X13	-0.854	—	-0.178	-0.006	0.024
	X16	-0.416	-0.299	—	-0.036	0.002
	X25	-0.089	-0.038	-0.175	—	0.015
	X32	0.044	0.467	-0.262	-0.031	—
Re	X31	0.622	—					0.490
Re	X32	0.410		—			0.323
Rb1	X32	0.953
总皂苷 Total saponins	X31	0.947

图 10 农田参与林地参根际土壤的PLS-DA得分图及VIP图A： PLS-DA得分图； B： VIP图。HT—最高气温；LT—最低气温；WC—土壤含水量；OM—有机质；AP—平均降水量；ARH—平均相对湿度；C—电导率；AT—平均气温；BD—容重

Fig. 10 PLS-DA score plot and VIP plot for samples obtained by farmland ginseng rhizosphere soil and forestland ginseng rhizosphere soilA： PLS-DA score plot； B： VIP plot. HT—The highest temperature； LT—The lowest temperature； WC—Soil moisture content； OM—Organic matter； AP—Average precipitation； ARH—Average relative humidity； C—Conductivity； AT— Average temperature； BD—Bulk density

表5 土壤中各评价指标成对比较判断优先矩阵

Table 5 Comparative judgement priority matrix of evaluation indexes of soil

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

表 6 层次分析综合评分

Table 6 Analytic hierarchy process comprehensive score

样地类型 Plot type	综合评分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
L1	0.171 6	3
L2	0.170 9	4
L3	0.182 3	2
N1	0.166 4	5
N2	0.149 8	6
N3	0.201 3	1

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生态因子对林地参和农田参质量差异的影响

Effects of Ecological Factors on Quality Difference Between Forestland Ginseng and Farmland Ginseng

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类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1

类别 Category	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
T1	1	3	5	7	9
T2	1/3	1	5/3	7/3	3
T3	1/5	3/5	1	7/5	9/5
T4	1/7	3/7	5/7	1	9/7
T5	1/9	1/3	5/9	7/9	1