基于多维指标对不同来源蜂蜜的比较分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蜂蜜是一种成分复杂的天然食品，其成分组成和营养价值因蜜源植物、产地、蜂种等不同而异。为实现对不同来源蜂蜜的评价和区别，采用常规理化指标检测和高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用（high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometer，HPLC-Q-TOF/MS）分析等多维指标对其进行比较分析。结果表明，不同蜂蜜样品的淀粉酶值、果糖、葡萄糖、总酚酸和总黄酮含量等有明显差异；其中，油菜蜜淀粉酶值最低，为（3.42±0.70）mL·g^-1·h^-1；洋槐蜜（沁水）淀粉酶值最高，为（12.66±2.44） mL·g^-1·h^-1；中蜂蜜的总酚酸和总黄酮含量均高于其他蜂蜜样品。脯氨酸-组氨酸-半胱氨酸和羟基酪醇1-O-葡萄糖苷可能有助于区分蜂蜜的蜜源植物种类，倍半萜化合物在洋槐蜜的产地区分中起到重要作用。研究结果为蜂蜜的特征性评价提供了一定的方法性指导，即借助多维指标可实现不同来源蜂蜜的区分与鉴别。

关键词: 蜂蜜, 多维指标, HPLC-Q-TOF/MS, 特征性鉴别

Abstract:

Honey is a natural product with complex composition and characteristics， which vary depending on the botanical source， origin， bee species and so on. In order to evaluate， differentiate and identify honey samples， a comparative analysis of honey from different sources using multidimensional indicators， including conventional physicochemical analysis and high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometer （HPLC-Q-TOF/MS） technique were conducted. The results showed significant differences in amylase activity， fructose， glucose， phenolic acid and flavonoid contents among different honey samples. Among them， rape honey exhibited the lowest amylase activity with a value of （3.42±0.70） mL·g^-1·h^-1， while acacia honey （Qinshui） had the highest amylase activity with a value of （12.66±2.44） mL·g^-1·h^-1. The total phenolic acid and total flavonoid contents of Apis cerana honey were higher than other honey samples. Pro-His-Cys and hydroxytyrosol 1-O-glucoside might be useful in distinguishing honey from nectar plant species. Palustrine played an important role in differentiating acacia honey from different regions. Above results provided methodological guidance for the characterization and authenticity assessment of honey， that was， the multidimensional index method could be used as a valuable tool for comparative analysis of honey samples from different sources.

Key words: honey, multidimensional indicators, HPLC-Q-TOF/MS, characteristic identification

中图分类号:

TS207.3

张铭, 车苗苗, 霍新丽, 王雪, 郑星, 赵磊磊, 赵亚周. 基于多维指标对不同来源蜂蜜的比较分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(2): 170-179.

Ming ZHANG, Miaomiao CHE, Xinli HUO, Xue WANG, Xing ZHENG, Leilei ZHAO, Yazhou ZHAO. Comparative Analysis of Honey from Different Sources Based on Multidimensional Indicators[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 170-179.

图/表 7

表1 样品采集及蜜源信息

Table 1 Sample collection and nectar sources information

样品

Sample

蜜源植物

Nectar plant

地点信息

Sampling site

样品数量

Sample quantity

采样时间

Sampling time

油菜蜜

Rape honey

油菜

Brassica rapa

河北省石家庄市赞皇县

Zanhuang county， Shijiazhuang city， Hebei province

2022年4月

April 2022

荆条蜜

Chaste honey

荆条

Vitex negundo var. heterophylla

北京市密云区

Miyun district， Beijing

2022年7月

July 2022

枣花蜜

Jujube honey

枣花

Ziziphus jujuba

河北省保定市阜平县

Fuping county， Baoding city， Hebei province

2022年6月

June 2022

中蜂蜜

Apis cerana honey

杂花（中蜂）

Multiflora （Apis cerana cerana）

山西省晋城市沁水县

Qinshui county， Jincheng city， Shanxi province

2022年5月

May 2022

洋槐蜜（沁水）

Acacia honey （Qingshui）

洋槐（沁水）

Robinia pseudoacacia L. （Qingshui）

山西省晋城市沁水县

Qinshui county， Jincheng city， Shanxi province

2022年5月

May 2022

洋槐蜜（宜川）

Acacia honey （Yichuan）

洋槐（宜川）

Robinia pseudoacacia L. （Yichuan）

陕西省延安市宜川县

Yichuan county， Yan’an city， Shaanxi province

2022年5月

May 2022

图1 不同样品淀粉酶活性分析注：不同小写字母表示不同样品间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Analysis of amylase activity of different samplesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different samples at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同样品中主要成分含量注：不同小写字母表示不同样品间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Contents of the main components in different samplesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different samples at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同来源蜂蜜样品的PLS-DA分析

Fig. 3 PLS-DA analysis of honey samples from different origins

图4 不同来源蜂蜜样品的随机森林预测分析

Fig. 4 Random forest prediction analysis of honey samples from different origins

图5 不同产地洋槐蜜的PLS-DA分析

Fig. 5 PLS-DA analysis of locust honey from different regions

图6 不同产地洋槐蜂蜜样品的随机森林预测分析

Fig. 6 Random forest prediction analysis of Locust honey from different regions

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