不同秸秆还田方式对土壤水分特征曲线的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为选择有效的秸秆还田方式，通过长期定位试验和室内分析相结合的方式探究不同秸秆还田方式下土壤水分特征曲线变化。设置常规耕作（CK）、秸秆翻埋（SO）、秸秆轮耕还田（SR）、秸秆碎混还田（SCM）、秸秆覆盖还田（SM）、秸秆留高茬还田（HSR）、秸秆条带还田（SP）共7个处理，通过水分特征曲线适宜模型的筛选、土壤水分常数及比水容量等的测定，研究秸秆还田方式对土壤持水性能的影响。结果表明，利用Gardner、Rational和指数模型将实测的数据进行拟合，Gardner方程拟合效果好，均方根误差、绝对平均误差、相对误差较小，决定系数（R²）均大于0.990 0，可以作为适宜的土壤水分曲线模型。通过土壤水分特征曲线方程发现，土壤水吸力在压力膜仪内低吸力时土壤含水量最高，随着压力值的不断增大，土壤水分含量呈降低趋势，曲线的高度代表土壤持水能力的大小，各处理在0—20 cm耕层表现为SO>SR>SCM>SM>HSR>SP>CK，在20—40 cm犁底层表现为SO>SCM>SR>SM>HSR>SP>CK，秸秆还田处理与CK相比均有增大，SO处理在各土层的持水性较高。秸秆还田可以提升土壤持水性能，其中，SO处理水分特征曲线较高，土壤持水能力最好，可作为适合东北西部地区适宜的秸秆还田方式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 土壤水分常数, 土壤水分特征曲线, 黑钙土

Abstract:

To select targeted and effective straw returning methods， a combination of long-term positioning experiments and indoor analysis were conducted to explore the changes in soil moisture characteristic curves under different straw returning methods. 7 treatments were set up including conventional tillage （CK）， straw tillage （SO）， straw rotation tillage （SR）， straw mixture returning （SCM）， straw cover returning （SM）， straw high stubble returning （HSR） and straw strip returning （SP）. By screening suitable models for moisture characteristic curves， studying soil moisture constants and specific water capacity， the influence of straw returning methods on soil water holding capacity was elucidated. The results showed that using Gardner， Rational and exponential models to fit the measured data， it was found that the Gardner equation had a good fitting effect， with small root mean square error， absolute mean error and relative variance. The determination coefficients （R²） were all greater than 0.990 0， making it a suitable soil moisture curve model. Through the soil moisture characteristic curve equation， it was found that the soil moisture content was highest when the suction of soil water was low in the pressure film instrument. As the pressure value continued to increase， the soil moisture content showed a decreasing trend. The height of the curve represented the size of the soil water holding capacity，and the results of each treatment in the 0 to 20 cm cultivation layer were SO>SR>SCM>SM>HSR>SP>CK， and the results of 20 to 40 cm were SO>SCM>SR>SM>HSR>SP>CK. The straw returning treatment increased compared to CK， indicating that the water holding capacity of the SO treatment was higher. Returning straw to the field could improve soil water holding capacity. The moisture characteristic curve of SO treatment was relatively high， and the soil water holding capacity was the best. It could be used as a suitable straw returning method for the western region of Northeast China.

Key words: straw returning method, soil moisture constant, soil moisture characteristic curve, chernozem

中图分类号:

S152.7

米洋辰, 赵政, 王呈玉, 闫丽娜, 冯秋苹, 刘淑霞, 刘世杰. 不同秸秆还田方式对土壤水分特征曲线的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 172-182.

Yangchen MI, Zheng ZHAO, Chengyu WANG, Lina YAN, Qiuping FENG, Shuxia LIU, Shijie LIU. Influence of Straw Returning Method on Soil Moisture Curve[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 172-182.

图/表 9

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土层 Soil layer/cm		参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment
土层 Soil layer/cm		参数 Parameter	CK	SO	SR	SCM	SM	HSR	SP
0—20	a		0.200 3	0.437 4	0.372 0	0.404 9	0.325 1	0.251 3	0.237 3
	b		0.361 2	0.123 3	0.215 4	0.240 0	0.390 7	0.321 4	0.326 0
	决定系数R²		0.987 0	0.997 6	0.998 1	0.995 6	0.980 7	0.986 8	0.975 6
20—40	a		0.173 4	0.444 4	0.360 4	0.324 7	0.289 2	0.279 9	0.216 0
	b		0.409 9	0.164 3	0.232 8	0.347 9	0.370 8	0.387 5	0.330 2
	决定系数R²		0.943 3	0.963 7	0.976 7	0.998 2	0.981 0	0.967 6	0.944 8

土层 Soil layer/cm		参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment
土层 Soil layer/cm		参数 Parameter	CK	SO	SR	SCM	SM	HSR	SP
0—20	a		0.200 3	0.437 4	0.372 0	0.404 9	0.325 1	0.251 3	0.237 3
	b		0.361 2	0.123 3	0.215 4	0.240 0	0.390 7	0.321 4	0.326 0
	决定系数R²		0.987 0	0.997 6	0.998 1	0.995 6	0.980 7	0.986 8	0.975 6
20—40	a		0.173 4	0.444 4	0.360 4	0.324 7	0.289 2	0.279 9	0.216 0
	b		0.409 9	0.164 3	0.232 8	0.347 9	0.370 8	0.387 5	0.330 2
	决定系数R²		0.943 3	0.963 7	0.976 7	0.998 2	0.981 0	0.967 6	0.944 8

土层 Soil layer/cm	压力 Pressure/Pa	相对误差 Relative error/%
土层 Soil layer/cm	压力 Pressure/Pa	CK	SO	SR	SCM	SM	HSR	SP
	0.0	1.17	0.03	1.95	1.98	2.35	2.83	4.79
	1.0×10⁵	0.91	0.05	0.48	0.73	1.97	1.51	2.10
0—20	3.0×10⁵	1.23	1.09	0.96	1.37	7.96	3.54	7.38
	5.0×10⁵	6.51	0.13	0.79	0.45	0.58	3.91	0.55
	1.0×10⁶	7.06	0.08	1.14	1.06	3.40	2.08	4.16
	1.5×10⁶	1.71	0.65	0.52	0.68	8.02	6.48	4.73
	0.0	1.37	0.04	4.18	1.68	3.11	1.39	6.62
	1.0×10⁵	3.17	1.79	0.33	0.25	1.63	2.22	1.74
20—40	3.0×10⁵	3.68	3.32	5.50	1.80	8.03	10.98	10.09
	5.0×10⁵	8.93	3.13	2.41	2.08	3.19	3.56	9.40
	1.0×10⁶	2.52	2.28	2.42	0.58	3.52	5.90	5.71
	1.5×10⁶	24.34	2.97	2.25	0.18	2.47	3.40	6.30

土层 Soil layer/cm	压力 Pressure/Pa	相对误差 Relative error/%
土层 Soil layer/cm	压力 Pressure/Pa	CK	SO	SR	SCM	SM	HSR	SP
	0.0	1.17	0.03	1.95	1.98	2.35	2.83	4.79
	1.0×10⁵	0.91	0.05	0.48	0.73	1.97	1.51	2.10
0—20	3.0×10⁵	1.23	1.09	0.96	1.37	7.96	3.54	7.38
	5.0×10⁵	6.51	0.13	0.79	0.45	0.58	3.91	0.55
	1.0×10⁶	7.06	0.08	1.14	1.06	3.40	2.08	4.16
	1.5×10⁶	1.71	0.65	0.52	0.68	8.02	6.48	4.73
	0.0	1.37	0.04	4.18	1.68	3.11	1.39	6.62
	1.0×10⁵	3.17	1.79	0.33	0.25	1.63	2.22	1.74
20—40	3.0×10⁵	3.68	3.32	5.50	1.80	8.03	10.98	10.09
	5.0×10⁵	8.93	3.13	2.41	2.08	3.19	3.56	9.40
	1.0×10⁶	2.52	2.28	2.42	0.58	3.52	5.90	5.71
	1.5×10⁶	24.34	2.97	2.25	0.18	2.47	3.40	6.30

土层 Soil layer/cm	参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment
土层 Soil layer/cm	参数 Parameter	CK	SO	SR	SCM	SM	HSR	SP
0—20	a	0.256 17	0.583 23	0.523 40	0.548 29	0.456 86	0.392 38	0.305 60
	b	0.006 46	0.441 44	0.208 50	0.141 64	0.108 88	0.266 58	0.014 06
	c	0.335 32	1.327 67	0.951 50	0.699 74	0.726 52	1.570 95	0.387 55
	决定系数R²	0.993 61	0.999 04	0.999 80	0.997 60	0.998 10	0.999 89	0.973 01
20—40	a	0.230 00	0.603 28	0.528 40	0.487 77	0.402 64	0.355 00	0.267 27
	b	0.029 80	0.979 93	0.199 40	0.088 77	0.036 10	-0.012 50	-0.004 31
	c	0.552 48	2.542 92	1.003 60	0.768 47	0.517 19	0.253 09	0.237 93
	决定系数R²	0.995 90	0.996 36	0.992 50	0.999 49	0.994 72	0.993 02	0.978 50