长期秸秆还田对稻麦轮作区土壤有机碳组分构成的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0545

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究长期秸秆还田对太湖地区稻麦轮作土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon， SOC）含量的影响，依托10 a田间定位试验，以无秸秆还田为对照（CK），设置稻秸秆不还田+麦秸秆全量还田（W）、稻秸秆全量还田+麦秸秆不还田（R）、稻麦秸秆均半量还田（HRW）、稻麦秸秆均全量还田（ARW）4个秸秆还田处理，分析5种处理下SOC含量及其组分构成。结果表明，秸秆类型和还田量对SOC含量及其组分有显著影响。与2007年相比，2017年各处理SOC、重组分有机碳（heavy fraction organic carbon，HFOC）和轻组分有机碳（light fraction organic carbon，LFOC）含量的增速分别为0.18~0.46、0.15~0.42和-0.03~0.02 g·kg^-1·a^-1；R、HRW和ARW处理下SOC和HFOC含量显著增加；所有处理轻组分有机质中的碳含量均显著下降，其中，ARW处理的降幅最大；HFOC占比均大于80%，是SOC的主要组分，其中，W和HRW处理HFOC占比增加，其他处理HFOC占比下降；秸秆还田降低了SOC及其组分含量与水稻产量的相关性，LFOC对水稻产量影响更大。综上所述，稻麦秸秆均全量还田可增加SOC含量及稳定性，是太湖地区较为理想的秸秆还田模式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 土壤有机碳, 碳组分, 产量, 稻麦轮作区

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of long-term straw returning on content of soil organic carbon （SOC） in Taihu Lake rice-wheat rotation region， based on 10 years field positioning experiments， 4 treatments were set including no rice straw+all wheat straw returning （W）， all rice straw+no wheat straw returning （R）， half of rice straw and wheat straw returning （HRW） and all rice straw and wheat straw returning （ARW）， and no straw returning was control （CK）. The contents and components of SOC in different treatments were determined. The results showed that straw types and returning amounts significantly influenced the contents and compositions of SOC in rice-wheat rotation system. Compared with 2007， the growth rates of SOC， heavy fraction organic carbon （HFOC） and light fraction organic carbon （LFOC） were 0.18~0.46， 0.15~0.42 and -0.03~0.02 g·kg^-1·a^-1， respectively； the content of SOC and HFOC significantly increased in R， HRW and ARW treatments， and the carbon contents in light fraction organic matter （LFOM-C） decreased significantly in all treatments， which the decreased range of ARW treatment was more than other treatments. HFOC was the main component and accounted for more than 80% of SOC in all treatments， which the proportions of HFOC increased in W and HRW and decreased in CK， R and ARW treatments. Straw returning reduced the relationship between rice yield and the contents of SOC or components， and LFOC had more influence on rice yield than HFOC. In conclusion， all amount of rice and wheat straw returning could increase the content and stability of SOC， which could be considered as an ideal straw returning model in Taihu Lake region.

Key words: straw returning, soil organic carbon, carbon fraction, yield, rice-wheat ratation ecosystem

中图分类号:

S318

董林林, 查金芳, 沈明星, 王海候, 施林林, 陶玥玥, 周新伟, 陆长婴. 长期秸秆还田对稻麦轮作区土壤有机碳组分构成的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(3): 166-175.

Linlin DONG, Jinfang ZHA, Mingxing SHEN, Haihou WANG, Linlin SHI, Yueyue TAO, Xinwei ZHOU, Changying LU. Effect of Long-term Straw Returning on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Composition in Rice-Wheat Rotation Ecosystem[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(3): 166-175.

图/表 10

图1 不同处理下土壤有机碳含量注：不同英文字母表示同一处理不同年份间差异在P<0.05水平显著；不同希腊字母表示同一年份不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 1 Soil organic carbon content under different treatmentsNote： Different English letters indicate significant differences between 2007 and 2017 of the same treatment at P<0.05 level； different Greek letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same year at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同处理的土壤有机碳变化速率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Variation of soil organic carbon under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表1 不同处理下土壤有机碳的构成

Table 1 Composition of soil organic carbon components under different treatments

处理 Treatment	LFOC /%		HFOC /%
处理 Treatment	2007	2017	2007	2017
CK	11.44±2.16 aα	15.69±4.56 aβ	88.56±2.16 aα	84.31±4.56 aαβ
W	11.92±0.65 aα	10.96±1.67 aαβ	88.08±0.65 aα	89.00±1.67 aβ
R	10.22±0.71 aα	11.36±2.18 aαβ	89.78±0.71 aα	88.64±2.18 aαβ
HRW	14.25±3.54 aα	13.70±2.88 aαβ	85.75±3.54 aα	86.30±2.88 aαβ
ARW	11.47±1.79 bα	17.37±1.62 aα	93.41±3.33 aα	82.63±1.62 bα

图3 不同处理下土壤LFOC及LFOM?C含量注：不同英文字母表示同一处理不同年份间差异在P<0.05水平显著；不同希腊字母表示同一年份不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 LFOC and LFOM?C content under different treatmentsNote： Different English letters indicate significant differences between 2007 and 2017 of the same treatment at P<0.05 level； different Greek letters indicate significantly differences between different treatments in same year at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同处理的LFOC变化速率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Variation of LFOC under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下土壤HFOC含量注：不同英文字母表示同一处理不同年份间差异在P<0.05水平显著；不同希腊字母表示同一年份不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 5 HFOC content under different treatmentsNote： Different English letters indicate significant differences between 2007 and 2017 of the same treatment at P<0.05 level； different Greek letters indicate significantly differences between different treatments in same year at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同处理的HFOC变化速率注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 6 Variation of HFOC under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 土壤有机碳与碳组分之间的关系注：X1和Y1代表2007年数据；X2和Y2代表2017年数据。

Fig.7 Relationship between the contents of soil organic carbon and its fractionsNote：X1 and Y1represent data of 2007；X2 and Y2 represent data of 2017.

表2 不同处理下水稻的产量

Table 2 Rice yield under different treatments

处理Treatment	千粒重 Thousand seed weight/g		结实率 Seed setting rate/%		产量 Yield/（t·hm^-2）
处理Treatment	2007	2017	2007	2017	2007	2017
CK	24.9±0.13 aα	25.9±0.03 aα	91.1±2.73 aα	82.4±2.99 aα	8.5±0.36 aα	8.8±0.32 aαβ
W	25.8±0.49 aα	26.0±0.04 aα	93.6±2.26 aα	84.2±4.43 aα	8.5±0.26 aα	8.0±0.10 bβ
R	25.5±0.20 aα	26.0±0.20 aα	95.4±1.34 aα	79.3±3.42 aα	8.1±0.17 aα	8.90±0.23 aαβ
HRW	25.2±0.17 aα	26.0±0.03 aα	92.8±1.29 aα	81.2±3.27 aα	8.4±0.17 aα	8.53±0.13 bαβ
ARW	24.8±0.56 aα	25.7±0.20 aα	94.6±0.31 aα	76.7±1.82 aα	8.1±035 aα	9.03±0.25 aα

图8 土壤有机碳组分与水稻产量间的关系注：XL、XH和XS代表 LFOC，HFOC和SOC，YL、YH和YS代表由LFOC，HFOC和SOC拟合的水稻产量.

Fig.8 Relationship between the content of soil organic carbon fractions and rice yieldNote：XL， XH and XSrepresent contents of LFOC， HFOC and SOC， YL， YH and YS represent fitting data of rice yield from LFOC， HFOC and SOC.

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