中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 177-183.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0862

• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

起垄内嵌基质栽培对日光温室夏季黄瓜根区温度、生长和产量的影响

李宝石(), 刘文科(), 王奇, 邵明杰   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业农村部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-14 接受日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2022-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘文科
  • 作者简介:李宝石 E-mail: lbs1206119@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目(20327211D);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0801001)

Effect of Soil-ridged Substrate-embedded Cultivation on Root Zone Temperature, Growth and Yield of Cucumber in Chinese Solar Greenhouse in Summer

Baoshi LI(), Wenke LIU(), Qi WANG, Mingjie SHAO   

  1. Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Agricultural Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2020-10-14 Accepted:2021-01-05 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-02-22
  • Contact: Wenke LIU

摘要:

为探究起垄内嵌基质栽培(soil-ridge substrate-embedded cultivation,SSC)对夏季蔬菜栽培根区温度和生产性能的影响,以土壤栽培垄+银色反光地膜为对照(SR处理),分别设置SSC(垄高15 cm,宽度20 cm)+银色反光地膜(SSC处理),SSC(垄高10 cm、宽度20 cm)+银色反光地膜(SSCs处理)以及SSC(垄高10 cm、宽度30 cm)+银色反光地膜(SSB处理)共3个处理,在夏季日光温室中研究不同规格SSC的根区温热效应、黄瓜生长及产量情况。结果表明,2019年6月4—8日和7月4—8日,根区白天平均温度均以SSB处理最高,以SSCs处理最低,说明SSCs处理对夏季高温阶段黄瓜根区温度的缓冲能力最强。6月份连续5个昼夜中根区最高温度平均值与最低温度平均值的差值以SSB处理最高,7月份连续5个昼夜中根区最高温度平均值与最低温度平均值的差值以SR处理最高;2个月份根区最高温度平均值与最低温度平均值的差值均以SSCs处理最低,说明SSCs处理的根区温度波动范围小,稳定性强。SSCs和SSB处理黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、叶片数、植株地上部干重和根系干重均显著高于SR处理,又以SSCs处理对黄瓜生长的促进作用最显著。此外, SSC和SSCs处理黄瓜的单果重和产量均显著提高,其中产量较SR处理分别提高了6.4%和7.0%。由此可见,起垄内嵌基质栽培能够有效增强黄瓜根区温度的缓冲能力,进而提高产量,以垄高10 cm、宽20 cm的起垄内嵌基质栽培+银色反光地膜(SSCs处理)在夏季日光温室蔬菜生产中具有较好的应用前景,为起垄内嵌基质栽培方式的推广应用提供了科学的参数支持。

关键词: 日光温室, 黄瓜, 起垄内嵌式基质栽培, 根区温度, 产量

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of soil-ridge substrate-embedded cultivation (SSC) on growth and yield of cucumber and root zone temperature in summer, 4 treatments were set including the traditional soil cultivation ridge+silver reflective film (SR treatment), SSC (ridge with high 15 cm and width 20 cm )+silver reflective film (SSC treatment), SSC (ridge with high 10 cm and width 20 cm)+silver reflective film (SSCs treatment), and SSC (ridge with 10 cm high and 30 cm width)+silver reflective film (SSB treatment). The temperature of root zone, growth and yield of cucumber in different treatments were determined. The results showed that the average temperature of daytime was highest in SSB treatment and was lowest in SSCs treatment during June 4—8 and July 4—8, which indicated that SSCs treatment had the optimal buffering capacity on the temperature of root zone in summer. During June 4—8, the temperature difference in SSB treatment was highest, while the temperature difference in SR treatment was highest during July 4—8, and the temperature difference in SSCs treatment was lowest during June 4—8 and July 4—8. The plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value and leaf number of SSCs and SSB treatments were significantly higher than those of SR treatment, which SSCs treatment had the most significant effect on promoting growth of cucumber. Compared with SR treatment, SSC and SSCs treatment significantly increased cucumber weight per fruit and yield per unit area, which the yields of SSC and SSCs treatments were increased by 6.4% and 7.0%, respectively. To sum up, the soil-ridge substrate-embedded cultivation could effectively enhance the buffer capacity of temperature in the root zone, increase the yield of cucumber. The cultivated patterns of SSC (ridge with 10 cm height and 20 cm width)+silver reflective film (SSCs treatment) had a good application prospect in the vagetable production of Chinese solar greenhouse, which provided scientific theoretical support for the application and popularization of SSC.

Key words: Chinese solar greenhouse, cucumber, SSC, root zone temperature, yield

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