Abstract: Aerobic composting, as one of the technologies for treating organic solid waste, can simultaneously realize the safe disposal, minimisation and recycling of wastes. The abundant contents and complex structure of lignin in composting materials is an important factor limiting the rapid humification rate. The stable humus formed during composting is a good soil remediation and amendment. Enhancing lignin degradation, while promoting rapid humus formation is the key to improve composting efficiency and compost quality. This paper reviewed the effects of microorganism, pretreatment methods and additives on lignin degradation; summarized the characteristics and forming process of humus, appling studies on humus and relationship between humus formation and lignin degradation. The paper also put forward the following aspects for research: ① ligninase catalyzing mechanism, gene structure and expression regulation mechanism of ligninase; ② pretreatment technology of lignocellulose with high efficiency and low consumption; ③ structural characteristics of compost humus and its mechanism of soil nutrition regulation, so as to provide references for achieving rapid organic matter humification and compost humus resource utilization.

Key words: organic matter, composting, lignin, humus

摘要： 好氧堆肥化作为处理有机固体废物的技术之一，可同时实现废物的无害化、减量化和资源化。堆肥原料中含量丰富且结构复杂的木质素是限制快速腐殖化速率的重要因素，堆肥化过程中形成的稳定腐殖质是良好的土壤修复剂和调理剂。强化木质素的降解，同时促进腐殖质的快速形成是提高堆肥效率和堆肥质量的关键。综述了微生物、预处理方法和添加剂对木质素降解的影响，总结了堆肥腐殖质的特征与形成过程、腐殖质的应用研究、以及腐殖质形成与木质素降解的关系。提出应从以下几个方面开展研究：①木质素酶催化机理、降解酶基因结构和表达调控机理；②木质纤维素的高效、低耗破壁预处理技术；③堆肥腐殖质的结构特征及其对土壤营养调控的作用机理。为有机物的快速腐殖化及堆肥腐殖质的资源化利用提供参考和依据。

关键词: 有机物, 堆肥化, 木质素, 腐殖质