Abstract: In order to study the effect of fertilizer cultivation and disease prevention and control of soil in different land fertilities, using the field nursery community experiment, the organic fertilizer of different straw dosage was conducted on high, medium and low land fertility black soil, the effects of different treatment on the main fertility indexes of soil were studied, and a preliminary exploration of the occurrence of corn stem decay disease was made in this paper. The results showed that: compared with the amount of straw stubble amount return to the field, the full amount of straw was more conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon and humus contents and the improvement of soil enzyme activity. The organic carbon content of the high land fertility was increased by 9.87% and 19.29% compared with the middle and low land fertilities respectively; the content of humin increased by 11.12%, 11.56%; humic acid was increased by 10.91%, 19.37%; the content of fulvic acid was increased by 11.42%,12.85%; water soluble substance was increased by 4%, 8%; sucrose activity was increased by 1.83% and 6.92%; catalase activity was decreased by 1.78% and 580%; the incidence of corn stem rot  was decreased by 2.3%, 2.79% and disease index was decreased by 23.97%, 20.80%. The effect of straw returning on three kinds of land force fertilization was as follow: high land fertility > medium land fertility > low land fertility; and the incidence and disease index of corn stem rot were as follow: low land fertility > medium land fertility > high land fertility. Pearson correlation analysis and PCA analysis showed that soil fertility indicators were significantly negative correlated with the occurrence of corn stem（P<0.01）rot occurred. Therefore, straw returning to the field could improve the fertility of high, medium and low black soil fertility, and reduce the incidence and damage degree of corn stem rot, and the effect on high land force was more obvious.

Key words: cultivated land fertility, humus, corn stem rot, straw returning, black soil

摘要： 为研究秸秆还田对不同地力耕层土壤的培肥效应与病害防治的影响，利用田间病圃小区试验对高、中、低地力黑土进行不同秸秆用量的有机培肥处理，研究不同处理对土壤主要肥力指标的影响，并对不同处理玉米茎腐病病害发生情况进行了初步探究。结果表明，与秸秆根茬量还田相比，秸秆全量还田更有利于土壤有机碳和腐殖质组分的积累及酶活性的提升。秸秆全量还田后，高地力区的土壤有机碳含量较中、低地力区的分别显著提高9.87%和19.29%；胡敏素含量提高11.12%和11.56%；胡敏酸含量提高10.91%和19.37%；富里酸含量提高11.42%和12.85%；水溶性物质含量提高4%和8%；蔗糖酶活性分别提高1.83%、6.92%；过氧化氢酶活性分别降低1.78%、5.80%；茎腐病发病率分别降低2.3%、2.79%；病情指数降低23.97%、20.80%。秸秆还田对3种地力培肥效果表现为：高地力＞中地力＞低地力；玉米茎腐病发病率与病情指数表现为：低地力＞中地力＞高地力。Pearson相关性分析与主成分分析显示，土壤各肥力指标与玉米茎腐病病害发生情况呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。因此，秸秆还田对高、中、低地力黑土的肥力均有提升，且具有降低玉米茎腐病发病率及危害程度的作用，对高地力土壤的效果更明显。

关键词: 耕地地力, 腐殖物质, 玉米茎腐病, 秸秆还田, 黑土