Abstract: Under the background of agricultural structure adjustment, improving rice production efficiency is of great significance for ensuring food security in China. Based on the data of main Indica and Japonica rice producing provinces in China from 1999 to 2015, this paper calculated the DEA-Malmquist index of rice production efficiency in each province of China by data envelopment analysis. The Malmqusit index reflecting total factor productivity of rice production was calculated, and the total factor productivity was decomposed into the change of scale efficiency, change of pure technical efficiency and change of technological progress. The results showed that: ① in terms of regional distribution of main rice producing areas， rice industry distribution might be combined with regional advantages. ② Technology progress had played an important role in improving the input-output efficiency of rice production. In promoting rice cultivation, the agricultural sector should pay full attention to the role of technology progress. ③ Developing moderate scale management, improving scale efficiency and rice production efficiency were the main tasks. In the future, the rice industry will still take destocking, green development and scale operation as the major trend.

Key words: rice industry, production efficiency, regional distribution, Malmquist index

摘要： 农业结构调整的背景下，提高稻谷的生产效率对于保障我国口粮安全具有重要意义。采用1999—2015年全国籼稻和粳稻主产省的数据，利用数据包络分析法对我国各省份各年度稻谷生产效率的DEA-Malmquist指数进行了测算，通过测算得出反映稻谷全要素生产率的Malmqusit指数，并将全要素生产率分解为规模效率变化、纯技术效率变化和技术进步变化。结果表明：①稻谷主产区区域布局方面，水稻产业可以结合地区优势布局。②技术进步在稻谷的投入产出效率的提高中发挥了重要作用。在推广水稻种植中，农业部门应充分重视技术进步的作用。③发展适度规模经营，提高规模效率，提高稻谷生产效率。未来稻谷产业仍以去库存、绿色发展、规模化经营为主要趋势。

关键词: 水稻产业, 生产效率, 区域布局, Malmquist指数