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Table of Content
15 February 2020, Volume 22 Issue 2
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Regional Difference and Spatial-termporal Differentiation of Rice Production Efficiency in China —— An Empirical Analysis Based on Main Rice Production Areas
WANG Heng1, GAO Ming2*
2020, 22(2): 1-11. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0636
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Under the background of agricultural structure adjustment, improving rice production efficiency is of great significance for ensuring food security in China. Based on the data of main Indica and Japonica rice producing provinces in China from 1999 to 2015, this paper calculated the DEA-Malmquist index of rice production efficiency in each province of China by data envelopment analysis. The Malmqusit index reflecting total factor productivity of rice production was calculated, and the total factor productivity was decomposed into the change of scale efficiency, change of pure technical efficiency and change of technological progress. The results showed that: ① in terms of regional distribution of main rice producing areas, rice industry distribution might be combined with regional advantages. ② Technology progress had played an important role in improving the input-output efficiency of rice production. In promoting rice cultivation, the agricultural sector should pay full attention to the role of technology progress. ③ Developing moderate scale management, improving scale efficiency and rice production efficiency were the main tasks. In the future, the rice industry will still take destocking, green development and scale operation as the major trend.
Development Trend Analysis of Global Maize Breeding Research from 2013 to 2018
QI Shijie, ZHAO Jingjuan*, ZHENG Huaiguo
2020, 22(2): 12-21. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0488
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Taking Web of Science database as the main data source, based on bibliometrics, citeSpace and VOSviewer visualization tools were used to comprehensively analyze the scientific and technological papers on maize breeding research from 2013 to 2018 in terms of research strength and distribution, research frontiers, research hotspots and theme evolution. The results showed that China and the United States were the leaders of both scientific research strength and influence in the field of Maize Breeding in the world. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service and China Agricultural University were the key research institutes. The international cooperation has gradually changed from intraregional cooperation to cross-regional cooperation. Crop domestication, major quantitative trait locus, genomic selection and radiation hybrid qtl mapping are the research frontiers in Maize breeding. Under current situation, China should attach importance to the quality of scientific research papers, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation,rationally arrange research forces, seize development opportunities, pursue scientific research and innovation, and improve the global influence of China in Maize Breeding.
Advances on the MAPK Cascade Pathway in Response to Abiotic Stress in Plant
ZHOU Miaoyi, REN Wen, ZHAO Bingbing, LI Hanshuai, LIU Ya*
2020, 22(2): 22-29. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0737
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a highly conserved protein kinase, which widely exists in eukaryotes. The MAPK cascade pathway is an important and highly conserved cellular signal transduction pathway, and it mainly includes three kinds of protein kinases, MAPKK, MAPKK and MAPK, which are activated by phosphorylation in turn. The MAPK cascade pathway is involved in plant growth and development, hormone regulation, biological stress and abiotic stress response. This paper presented the structure character and the response to abiotic stress of MAPK cascade members of plant. It would be helpful for understanding the function and regulation of MAPK cascade members of plant in response to abiotic stress.
Regulation of Anthocyanin Metabolism on Colored Leaves of Plants
WAN Dongpu1,2, YU Zhuo1, WU Yanmin3, DING Mengqi2, LI Jinbo2, ZHOU Meiliang2*
2020, 22(2): 30-38. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0233
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With the development of the economy and society, there are greater requirements for the aesthetics of garden plants. The color-leafed plants have gradually become the new favorite of the market. Anthocyanins play important roles in the formation of leaf color. This paper reviewed the metabolic pathway, the key structural genes, and transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin metabolism of leaves, summarized the effects of the external factors on leaf color via the regulation of anthocyanin metabolism, and discussed the way to improve the color-leafed plants by changing anthocyanin content with molecular biological methods in order to provide references for the development and utilization of color-leafed plants.
Construction and Functional Characterization of Mutants of Arabidopsis SWEET1/2/3 Genes
XIN Hongjia, LI Pengcheng, TENG Shouzhen, LI Shengyan, WANG Hai, LANG Zhihong*
2020, 22(2): 39-49. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0951
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SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) genes widely present in plants, animals and microorganisms, and form transmembrane channels in the cell membrane or organelle membrane to assist sugar transport across the membrane. Three Arabidopsis SWEET1/2/3 comprise the CladeⅠ subfamily of the SWEET gene family. By expression data analysis, SWEET1 was preferentially expressed in floral organs, SWEET2 was expressed in vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and SWEET3 was expressed in flowers. Although being characterized as active glucose transporters in vitro, their physiological functions were still unclear, probably because of a lack of loss-of-function mutants and functional redundancy. In this study, the targeted mutations in sweet1/2/3 were created by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the sweet1、sweet1/2、sweet3和sweet1/2/3 mutants were identified. All of these mutants did not show obvious phenotypes during vegetative growth, however, interestingly, they displayed significantly shorter siliques than that of wild type (WT). Moreover, the sweet1, sweet1/2, and sweet1/2/3 mutants were more sensitive to glucose, characterized by shorter roots and severely reduced stature under, indicating that SWEET1/2/3 were indispensable components in glucose signaling. Further analysis on the critical genes in glucose signaling pathway found that HXK1, KIN10 and KIN11 did not show any difference of transcriptional and translational expression between WT and the mutants. The results suggested the Arabidopsis SWEET1/2/3 genes played important roles in glucose signaling, especially on regulating siliques development.
Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Physiological Mechanism of Drought Resistance of Tobacco Seedlings
HE Jiahao1, CHEN Jianzhong2, XU Jianqiang3, XIANG Jinyou4, YANG Yide4, ZHANG Xuewei5, NING Shanghui3, WANG Lin6, LIU Yuan7, YANG Yang4, JING Yanqiu1*, CHENG Yuyuan7*
2020, 22(2): 50-57. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0037
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In order to study the effects of exogenous melatonin on tobacco seedlings under different drought stress levels, the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes activities and osmotic regulatory substances contents of tobacco seedlings under drought stress were investigated after sprayed 100 μmol·L-1 melatonin. The results showed that plant growth was inhibited by drought stress; spraying melatonin alleviated the growth of tobacco plants inhibited by drought stress. Melatonin spraying improved the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) of tobacco plant leaves, decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Moreover, melatonin application enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), reduced O-2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and increased the accumulation of osmotic regulation substances significantly. Therefore melatonin application can improve drought stress resistance of tobacco seedling. The present research provided reference for studying the mechanism of effects of melatonin on drought resistance in tobacco seedlings.
Research Progress on Seedless-Induced Production of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape
WANG Sha, CHENG Dawei, LI Ming, GU Hong, LI Zhengyang, QI Shuai, CHEN Jinyong*
2020, 22(2): 58-64. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0742
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The seedless-inducted production of seed grapes is an important source of seedless grape on the market. ‘Shine Muscat’ grape is highly praised by the market for high sweetness and strong aroma, which has developed rapidly in China during recent years. However, the commodity of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape is not high under natural growth owing to the low fruit setting rate and the inconsistent average weight of berries. The seedless-induced and enlargement were treated with plant growth regulators, which resulted in the seedless fruits, crisp flesh and neat fruit grains, and the fruits commodity was greatly improved. This paper reviewed the seedless-induced production technology, especially discussed the suitable concentration and treatment time of gibberellin acid 3, forchlorfenuron, thidiazuron and streptomycin, and the effect on the fruit quality after treatments, so as to provide guidance for the ‘Shine Muscat’ grape seedless high-efficiency cultivation system.
Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa Seedlings
ZOU Miao1, WANG Yuelin2, LI Gangtie1*, FENG Fei1, MA Yunxia1, ZHAO Yuxing3, SHI Lin3, REN Yuyan3
2020, 22(2): 65-72. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0137
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One year seedlings of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa were used as test material, the pot water control method was used, and 4 treatments including 80% (suitable water, CK), 60% (light stress, L), 40% (moderate drought, M), and 20% (severe drought, S) soil moisture content were set up to simulate different levels of drought stress. The relative water content, peroxidation product content, antioxidant enzymes activities and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and other physiological characteristics of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings under different drought stresses were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of drought stress level, the relative water content of leaves of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings generally showed a decreasing trend; the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings showed an increased trend; the free proline (Pro) content increased, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). The photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings were influenced by drought stress significantly. Under the drought stress, the initial fluorescence (Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) increased significantly, while the maximum fluorescence (Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), maximum photochemical efficiency PSII (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were significantly reduced. Drought stress had significant effects on the physiological indexes of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings. The physiological indexes including activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment substances content of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seedlings were regulated in response to the drought stress.
Characteristics Analysis of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities of Cotton Based on Different Soil Textures
LIU Songtao 1, TIAN Chunli 1, CAO Wenmei 1, ZHENG Beibei 1, LI Pengcheng 2, DONG Helin 2
2020, 22(2): 73-79. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.
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In order to investigate the effects of soil texture on changes of microbial quantity and enzyme activity in cotton rhizosphere during cotton flowering and bolling-forming stages, cotton variety named ‘Luyan cotton 21’ was used as test material, the quantities of rhizosphere bacteria, fungi and actinomycete, as well as the activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase of three texture soils (sandy soil, loam soil and clay soil) were studied by pool culture. The results indicated that the quantity and enzyme activities of rhizosphere microorganisms were affected by both soil texture and the development of cotton. Both amounts of rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities of three texture soils showed a single peak curve with low-high-low dynamic change with development of cotton during flowering and boll-forming stages. The rhizosphere microorganism quantity and enzyme activity peaked at full-bloom stage and 11 d after full-bloom stage, respectively. Amounts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in sand soil were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in loam soil or clay soil during whole flowering and boll-forming stages. Three kinds of microorganisms amounts in loam soil were higher than those in clay soil during stages except the stage of 11 d after initial flowering. Activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in sand soil were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in loam or clay soil during flowering and boll-forming stages. Three enzymes activities in loam soil were higher than those in clay soil during the period from initial flowering to 22 d after initial flowering, lower during other stages, although there is no statistically significant differences. Sum up, rhizosphere microorganisms activities of cotton during flowering and boll-forming stages were influenced by both development processing of cotton and soil texture. The present research provided refferances for rational arrangment of cotton production areas.
Identification of Blueberry Fruit Maturity Using Hyperspectral Images Technology
MA Hao1, ZHANG Kai1, JIN Xin1*, JI Jiangtao1, ZHU Xu1
2020, 22(2): 80-90. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0543
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During the blueberry harvesting season, the pre-identification of fruit ripeness is of great importance for harvest management and yield assessment. The hyperspectral (HS) imaging technology based on remote sensing which contains abundance of spectral and spatial information, provide great potential for development in target detection from complex background. In this study, HS images of three representative southern highbush blueberry varieties were collected in Citra and Waldo, FL, USA in the 2013 harvesting season. Three maturity stages (mature, intermediate and immature) of blueberry fruit were identified from the images containing different background objects such as leaves, branches, sky, and ground. A joint algorithm (named as ‘SVDD+K’) of blueberry fruit maturity recognition model by support vector data description (SVDD) and K-means clustering was used to discriminate mixed blueberry fruit based on pixels and appearance of different objects. The results showed that the detection accuracies were 96.1% for mature fruit, 94.7% for intermediate fruit and 91.2% for immature fruit. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, other classification methods, i.e., K-nearest neighbor and spectral angle mapping, were used to compare the results. With the highest detection accuracy, the newly developed SVDD+K algorithm was more adaptable to complex backgrounds, especially for small-size objects, which were more accurate in recognition of small-size objects.
Fish Feeding Prediction Method Based on Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System
CHEN Lan1,2, YANG Xinting1,2, SUN Chuanheng2, WANG Yizhong1, XU Daming2, ZHOU Chao2*
2020, 22(2): 91-100. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0599
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In intensive aquaculture, feeding level is directly related to production efficiency and breeding cost. How to achieve precise feeding is the key issue of aquaculture. In this paper, a prediction method of feeding quantity based on adaptive network fuzzy inference system was proposed. Taking the tilapia as research object, 2 factors of water temperature and average weight of fish were selected as input variables, and an adaptive network fuzzy inference system prediction model was established. The temperature sensor and weight scale were used to record the water temperature and the average weight of the fish, respectively. The experiment was carried out for two months. Results showed that the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) from the ANFIS feeding prediction models were 1.18, 0.74 and 0.003 1, respectively, which were far less than the index values of the fuzzy reasoning feeding amount prediction model. The validity and rationality of the feeding forecasting model were proved. It was clear that the ANFIS network forecasting ability was better than the fuzzy reasoning forecasting model. This model not only saved labor costs, but also provided technical support and theoretical support for scientific and reasonable feeding.
Research on Changes of Main Components and Antibacterial Properties During Honey Ripening Process
OU Aiqun1,2, GUO Nana2, LIU Fuhai3, LIU Ran3, PENG Wenjun2, LI Jianghong1*
2020, 22(2): 101-106. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0039
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In order to explore the changes of main components and antibacterial properties of honey during natural ripening and provide a theoretical basis for the production of mature honey, the amylase value was determined by spectrophotometry, the components of honey were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with low- and high-concentration and caps of honey, and the antibacterial activities of honey against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were tested by plate colony counting method. The results showed that the water content of low-concentration honey was (241.12±11.02)mg·g-1, which was significantly higher than high-concentration honey and capping honey (P<0.05). With the increasing of of honey maturity, the content of proline, fructose and amylase increased significantly (P<0.05), but the content of sucrose decreased significantly (P<0.05). In vitro bacteriostasis results showed that all three honey samples displayed strong antibacterial effects on the 3 pathogens, and the inhibition rate reached more than 85%, and high concentration honey and capped honey had the better antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans especially (P<0.05). In conclusion, the water content, amylase activity and proline content could be used as indicators to characterize the ripe degree of honey. Honey generally had strong bacteriostatic ability, which was enhanced with the improvement of honey-ripening.
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Storage Quality of Purple Sweet Potato
GUO Lianghu1, WANG Zhen1, LI Nan1, LU Lahu1, GAO Wei1, GUO Yaxian1, WU Zongxin2*
2020, 22(2): 107-114. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0145
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In order to explore the nutrients changes of purple sweet potato during storage, so as to further select its best storage condition. Variety ‘Ziluolan’ was selected as material; 9 treatments including 7 ℃+75% RH(T1), 7 ℃+85% RH(T2), 7 ℃+95% RH(T3), 12 ℃+75% RH(T4), 12 ℃+85% RH(T5), 12 ℃+95% RH(T6), 16 ℃+75% RH(T7), 16 ℃+85% RH(T8), and 16 ℃+95% RH(T9) were carried out; water content, soluble sugar content, starch content and anthocyanin content of purple sweet potato tuber under different treatments were detected. The results showed that water content, starch content and anthocyanin content of purple sweet potato tuber all decreased during the stored period, while soluble sugar content increased firstly then decreased. The water content of purple sweet potato tuber increased with the increasing of stored temperature but decreased with the increasing of stored humidity. The soluble sugar content of purple sweet potato increased with the increasing of stored temperature but decreased with the increasing of humidity; however the starch content showed a reverse variation trend. The decline rate of anthocyanin content in T5 treatment was the slowest, despite there is no statistically significant difference between different treatments. Therefore, it was considered that the optimum storage conditions for purple sweet potato were 12 ℃+85% RH. The present research provided theoretical basis for improving the development potential of purple sweet potato industry.
Study on Utilization Efficiency and Matching Features of Agricultural Soil and Water Resources in Inland River Basin of Gansu Province Based on Malmquist DEA
XU Na1, ZHANG Jun2*, ZHANG Renzhi2
2020, 22(2): 115-122. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0028
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Soil and water are the core resources of agricultural production. The matching degree in space and time and their utilization efficiency are directly related to the sustainable utilization of resources and the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Based on the data of agricultural water resources, cultivated land area and water-saving irrigation area in the inland river basin of Gansu Province from 2001 to 2016, this paper used the Malmquist DEA model of data envelopment analysis and the method of agricultural water and soil resources matching coefficient to analyze the utilization efficiency and matching characteristics of agricultural water and soil resources in the inland river basin. The results showed that: ① from 2001 to 2016, the utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources and the matching degree of water and soil resources in the Inland River Basin showed a trend of rising and stabilizing in general; ② from the watershed space, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources was as follows: Hei river > Shiyang river > Shule river, and the matching degree was as follows: Shule river > Hei river > Shiyang river; ③ technological advancement played an obvious role in the utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources. Scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency had a certain compensating effect on technological progress. They also promoted the matching degree and production efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources in inland river basins. The matching degree of water and land resources in the inland river basin of Hexi Corridor had much to improve. Based on the characteristics of water and land resources utilization and management in each river basin, taking specific measures to optimize the limiting factors could promote the development of regional comparative advantages, and guide the rationalization of regional agricultural economic space, and ultimately achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development.
Research Progress on Effects of Common Fertilizers on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Crops and Its Mechanism
ZHANG Lei, LI Yang, ZHANG Yang*
2020, 22(2): 123-131. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0793
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Large quantity and various types of fertilizer in China, with different heavy metal content and complex mechanism on metal accumulation in crops of fertilizer cause an urgency to carry out safety assessment about fertilizer. This paper expounded the research progress of heavy metal safety evaluation of fertilizer from three aspects: heavy metal content of common fertilizer, the influence of fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in crops and its mechanism. Heavy metal pollution in organic fertilizer and solid waste compost was serious, and heavy metal pollution in inorganic fertilizers and other new fertilizers could not be ignored either. On the one hand, fertilizer could cause heavy metal pollution to soil and crops as a pollution source. On the other hand, it could also affect heavy metal content in crops by changing the form of heavy metals in the soil, affecting the absorption of heavy metals by roots and metal-translocation from roots to shoot. Based on the review of heavy metal pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation behavior and bioaccumulation mechanism in common fertilizers, the research prospect about metal-safety assessment of fertilizer was put forward.
Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen Supply in Maize Growing Season of No-tillage Plastic Film and Stubbles With Residues in Dryland
ZHANG Jianjun, DANG Yi, ZHAO Gang, FAN Tinglu*, WANG Lei, CHENG Wanli, LI Shangzhong, WANG Shuying, LEI Kangning
2020, 22(2): 132-139. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0265
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In order to clarify the effect of no-tillage plastic film and stubble with residues on soil nitrogen supply in dryland maize growing season. The differential distribution of total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen(NO-3-N), ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N) and nitrate nitrogen in the 0~100 cm soil layer were analyzed of two cultivation modes include double-bed and fur-row-sowing with full plastic film mulching (CK), no-tillage plastic film and stubble with residues (T). The results showed that: NO-3-N and NH+4-N gradually decreased from the surface to bottom of the soil, and the main changes was in 0~20 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, T treatment decreased NO-3-N by 24.7%~59.9%, and decreased NH+4-N by 4.4%~46.8% in 0~10 cm soil layer of whole growth period. In 0~20 cm soil layer of T, the decrease of NO-3-N and NH+4-N were 20.5%~58.0% and 8.7%~31.7%, respectively. After maize jointing stage, there was a significant cumulative effect of NO-3-N and NH+4-N of T in 20~100 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen gradually decreased from the surface to bottom of the soil. The tillage modes had an impact on the vertical distribution characteristics of total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen content. Compared with CK, T decreased the alkali nitrogen by 0.3%~26.0% in 0~20 cm soil layer and by 17.7%~23.8% in 10~20 cm soil layer after flowering stage. Therefore, the supply of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the 0~20 cm soil layer in T was significantly lower than that of CK, and resulting in insufficient supply of alkali nitrogen after maize jointing stage. This was the reason for maize premature aging in the late growth stage of no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues cultivation.
Study on Soil Water Storage Performance of Different Forest Types at the North Piedmont of Yinshan Mountains
FANG Fei, QIN Fucang*, LI Long, YANG Zhenqi
2020, 22(2): 140-148. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0252
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In order to analyze the water holding capacity of the forest land and the ability to hold water and soil in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia, five typical plantation types such as Caragana korshinskii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Pinus tabulaeformis × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest and Hippophae rhamnoides × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest were taken as the research object to determine the soil physical properties, soil water infiltration and analyze the water storage capacity. The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil physical properties among different forest types (P<0.05). The bulk density of Hippophae rhamnoides was the largest (1.452 g·cm-3) and the Pinus tabulaeformis was the smallest (1.042 g·cm-3). The order of noncapillary porosity was Pinus tabulaeformis > Pinus tabulaeformis× Caragana korshinskii mixed forest > Hippophae ×Caragana korshinskii mixed forest > Hippophae rhamnoides > Caragana korshinskii. The order of solid permeability coefficients was consistent with the order of noncapillary porosity. Solid permeability coefficients were between 0.47~1.32 mm·min-1. The solid permeability coefficients regression equation showed that equation analog effect was good. Only the Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest was closer to the coefficient 1/2 in the Koctrkob model. The water storage capacity of mixed forest was higher than that of pure forest, while the maximum waterholding capacity of Pinus tabulaeformis × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest was 112.8 t·hm-2 higher than that of Hippophae rhamnoides × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest. It was more suitable for planting Pinus tabulaeformis × Caragana korshinskii mixed forest in the northern foot of Yinshan. The mixed forest of arbor and shrub could improve the water holding capacity more effectively.
Effect of Film Mulching Period on Growth and Yield of Rape
WANG Dan1, TIAN Xiaoqin1, LI Zhuo1*, ZHUANG Wenhua1,2, LIU Yonghong1, JING Shuzhong1,3, LI Haojie1
2020, 22(2): 149-157. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0025
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Furrow sowing on side of film mulch is an effective technology for yield increase of dry cultivated, which can significantly improve the ecological conditions of soil water and temperature. Based on field experiments, the effects of different periods of mulching (sowing stage, seedling stage, bolting stage, initial flowering stage and ending flowering stage) on agronomic characters, yield and quality of rapeseed planted by furrow sowing were analyzed. The results indicated that the furrow sowing on side of film mulch could effectively increase the accumulation of chlorophyll and dry matter of rapeseed, and improve the distribution of stem and branch in rapeseed population. With the decrease of mulching time, the branches position, length of main inflorescence and 1 000-grain weight increased, the plant height, effective branch number, effective pod number, seeds number per pod and yield per plant decreased. Compared with the non-mulched treatment, mulched rapeseed yield increased by 4.40%~26.18%, the oil content and protein content increased by 0.18%~2.48%, and erucic acid and sulfuric glucoside content decreased by 0.21%~12.65%. Furrow sowing on side of film mulch can not only improve the yield and quality of rapeseed, but also facilitate the formation of high-yield, high-quality rapeseed plants through plastic film mulching in the earlier growth stage.
Optimization of Tobacco Upper Six Leaves Cultivation Measures in Central Henan Based on Output Value and Sensory Indexes
LIU Kouzhu1, GAO Zhenzhen1, XIA Susu1, LI Jianhua2, DUN Songyang2, LI Hongliang2, WANG Jing2, DUAN Weidong3, SHI Hongzhi1*
2020, 22(2): 158-165. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0066
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To establish “shangliupian” flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical index system in central Henan region, this paper took Zhongyan-100 as test material; set 3 cultivation factors including nitrogen application rate as 30~66 kg·hm-2, planting density as 13 500~18 000 plant·hm-2 and residual leaves number as 16~22 piece·plant-1; adopted L9(34) orthogonal experiment design; and studied the effects of 3 cultivation factors and their interaction on the output value and sensory indexes of upper 6 tobacco leaves. Single factor effect analysis indicated that within the scope of this experiment, the output value of upper 6 leaves showed a trend of single peak curve with the increase of nitrogen application rate and planting density. The sensory score decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and decreased first then increased with the increase of planting density and number of leaves. Two-factor interaction analysis showed that the interaction between nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on the output value, sensory total score and aroma quality score. The interaction between nitrogen application rate and residual leaf numbers mainly affected the aroma amount score. Based on the single factor and two-factor analysis, mathematical models for output value and sensory indexes were used to simulate and optimize the parameters separately. The results showed that when nitrogen application quantity was 45.928 5~50.169 0 kg·hm-2, planting density was 15 720~16 045 plant·hm-2 and number of residual leaves were 19~22 leaves·plant-1, respectively, the output value and sensory quality could reach their maximum for upper 6 leaves in central Henan tobacco region. This was the optimized combination for quality upper six leaves in central Henan tobacco region.
Effect of Microbial Inoculants and Lime Addition on Composting Maturity and Nutrient Content of Sisal Residue
TAN Shibei1, XI Jingen1*, CHEN Helong2, ZHENG Jinlong1, HUANG Xing1, HE Chunping1, WU Weihuai1, LIANG Yanqiong1, ZHANG Shiqing2, GAO Jianming2, LI Rui1, YI Kexian1*
2020, 22(2): 166-172. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0791
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In order to improve the fertilizer utilization effect of sisal residue, this paper conducted an experiment of adding microbial agent and lime to the sisal residue and studied the maturation effect and mineral nutrient loss rate. The results showed that 125 d after composting, the compost smell of sisal residue treated with bacterial agent alone presented mud fragrant, and germination index of sisal residue fermentation broth was significantly increased by 4.1 times than that of the control, and the effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents and loss rate of compost was not significantly different from that of the control. Adding lime alone also had deodorizing effect, and there was no remarkable influence on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contents and loss rate of compost. The compost mass loss rate and potassium loss rate were significantly reduced. But the compost germination index was lower, only 1%. When the microbial agent was mixed with low level lime(lime: sisal residue=1∶300)adding, the germination index of compost was significantly improved, being 2.3 times of that of the control. Meanwhile, the compost total potassium content was outstandingly increased, reaching 3.3 g·kg-1, 10% higher than that of the control. The compost mass loss rate and potassium loss rate were also significantly reduced. Therefore, the initial conclusion was that microorganism inoculants could be added alone as maturation agent to promote maturation of sisal residue. When it was added and mixed with low level lime, the maturation effect of sisal flax residue compost was the best, the microorganism inoculants was a most suitable maturation agent for sisal flax residue.
Establishment and Testing of Genetically Modified T25 Maize Digital PCR Method
LI Xiaying1, WU Yuhua2, LI Jun2, XIAO Xiaolin1, ZHANG Feiyan1, LIANG Jingang1, WANG Haoqian1, ZHANG Xudong1, ZHANG Xiujie1*
2020, 22(2): 173-178. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0154
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The implementation of genetically modified organism (GMO) safety management and labeling system requires standardized testing methods and GMO testing standard substances, which guarantee the acquirement of accurate, reliable and comparable testing results. GMO maize T25 was approved for import as processing raw material in China. In order to strengthen the supervision of T25, the present work took the T25 matrix standard substance as the research object and established the digital PCR method. Eight laboratories were selected and the digital PCR combined quantitative determination were adopted. The results showed that the T25/Adh1 dual digital PCR system had good amplification specificity. Stable and reliable detection results could be obtained between 100 and 10 000 copies·μL-1 of the initial template. The method of T25/Adh1 dual digital PCR was proved to be accurate and reliable through multi-laboratory collaborative evaluation. The quantitative value of T25 matrix standard substance was 1.001 2 and the relative uncertainty was 0.001 6. It was established that T25/Adh1 dual digital PCR method could be used for the quantitative evaluation of genetically modified corn T25, which provided material basis and technical guarantee for the quantitative detection of genetically modified components.
Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride in Crystal of Phellodendron chinensis by HPLC and Evaluation of Bacteriostatic Activity
LIU Yang, RAN Cong, YOU Guixiang, HE Jingzhi, WU Wei, HOU Kai*
2020, 22(2): 179-186. DOI:
10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0030
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To establish an optimized method for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in the crystals of Phellodendron chinensis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to evaluate the inhibitory activity of P. chinense against drug-resistant bacteria, a new method was determined by optimizing the mobile phase and the detection conditions, and the antibacterial activity of the drug-resistant strain was evaluated by the antibacterial test in vitro. The results showed that the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (50∶50) (0.1 g sodium dodecyl sulfate per 100 mL phosphoric acid solution), the detection wavelength was 265 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1, column temperature was 30 ℃. When the concentration of berberine hydrochloride was between 103 mg·L-1 and 515 mg·L-1, there was a good linear relationship between berberine and their corresponding peak area integral values (R2 ≤ 0.999 7). Under these conditions, the precision, stability and repeatability of the determination process were tested with RSD of 0.49%, 1.23% and 0.29%, respectively, which indicated that the test method was accurate. The average recovery rate was 97.84%~98.06%, and the RSD was 0.44%~1.00%, which indicated that the method was accurate and effective. The bacteriostatic activity test showed that the crystals of P. chinense had a good inhibitory effect on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimized method was safe, rapid, accurate and effective, which could be used for analysis and determination of berberine hydrochloride in P. chinensis, and berberine hydrochloride had a good bacteriostatic effect. The research broadened the types of natural products of resistant bacteria and provided a basis for clinical and research of berberine hydrochloride.