Table of Content

15 January 2020, Volume 22 Issue 1

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Research on the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Popularization and Application of Chinas Food Safety Traceability System

QIN Yulu1, SUN Xiaohong1, TAO Guangcan1,2*

2020, 22(1):  1-11.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0405

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In recent years,  Chinese government has attached great importance to the construction of  food safety traceability system, and has promulgated laws and regulations to guide the government, enterprise construction and application of food safety traceability system. However, the promotion and application has encountered some difficulties, and it is urgent to find out the solution. This paper analyzed the application status of Chinas food safety traceability system, and clarified the cost of traceability, the application value of the system and the impact of information security on the application traceability system. The results showed that: the high cost of traceability system, low application value and low system information security were important factors for enterprises to consider application traceability system.  The solutions to resolve the problem of popularization and application of traceability systems were  expanding the scope of food safety traceability system promotion and application, developing multi-faceted application of traceability data to improve its value, controlling the cost of food safety traceability system, and improving the security measures for information security. These measures could improve the utilization rate of the traceability system, reduce the cost of the government and enterprises to develop food safety traceability systems, stimulate the enthusiasm of the enterprise application traceability system, and create a good food safety environment.

Current Situation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Development Recommendations: A Case Study of Yunnan Province

TAO Jing, YUAN Yi, WANG Qian, KONG Lingming, LI Shikai*

2020, 22(1):  12-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0015

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Good agricultural practice (GAP) plays an important role in ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products and export. This paper summarized the development and characteristics of GAP certification at home and abroad, and discussed the changing trend of China good agricultural practice (CHINAGAP) in Yunnan province by combining the certification scale, regional distribution and main body composition of CHINAGAP in Yunnan province from 2006 to 2017. CHINAGAP presented a rapid growth trend in Yunnan province, and the certification had formed an industry pattern with planting industry as the main industry and animal husbandry and fishery as the auxiliary industry. However, the total amount of certification in Yunnan province was relatively small, and the problems of certification sustainability and low recognition degree also restricted the further development of CHINAGAP in Yunnan province. Combining with the experience of GAP development at home and abroad, this paper put forward a number of policy suggestions to promote the healthy and sustainable development of CHINAGAP in Yunnan province, including strengthening government guidance, encouraging the enterprises to actively take part in the certification and playing the role of media to enhance the CHINAGAP work on media coverage.

Research Progress on Vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase in Plant

LIANG Guihong, HUA Yingpeng, ZHOU Ting, SONG Haixing, ZHANG Zhenhua*

2020, 22(1):  19-27.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0792

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Two proton pumps, vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and vacuolar H+-PPase (V-PPase), are highly abundant tonoplast proteins and have played important roles in plant growth and development. These 2 proton pumps can hydrolyze substrate to release energy, and meanwhile, create big quantities of proton gradient between cytoplasm and vacuole used to transport compounds against their concentration or electrochemical gradient. These are helpful to maintain the ionic homeostasis and osmotic balance in cells, provide guarantee for all kinds of physiological and biochemical reactions in cells. Besides, when vacuole is used for ion storehouse in plant cell, these 2 proton pumps can regulate the nitrate distribution between cytoplasm and vacuole by changing their activities, leading to different nitrogen use efficiency. The higher activities of two proton pumps are beneficial to improve the resistant ability and reduce the negative effects on plant growth and development under stress conditions. This paper summarized the structure characteristics and physiological function of these 2 proton pumps, and elaborated their important roles in resisting abiotic stress conditions, which  provided direction for further raising crop nitrogen use efficiency and adaptive capability to stress conditions.

Effects of Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics of Morus mongolica

YAN Jingqiuzi1, LI Gangtie1*, WANG Yuelin2, MA Yunxia1, YANG Ying1

2020, 22(1):  28-37.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0764

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In order to study the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Morus mongolica, the salt stress experiments on M. mongolica seeds and seedlings were carried out with 0, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl solutions. The germination indexes of seeds and the physiological indexes of M. mongolica seedlings were detected to reflect the response characteristics of salt stress. The results showed that: ① the germination rate and germination index of M. mongolica decreased significantly with the increase of NaCl concentration; the radicle length and germ length were inhibited over 20 mmol·L-1, and the radicle growth rate was inhibited from 30 mmol·L-1. At the same time, the activity index and salt tolerance index showed a downward trend under salt stress conditions, and when the NaCl concentration was 20 mmol·L-1, both decreased to about 50% of the control. ② Correlation and regression analysis results of seed germination index, vigor index, seedling growth index and salt concentration showed that the salt tolerance thresholds of germination rate, vigor index, radicle length and radicle growth rate of M. mongolica seed were 2.55, 59.71, 2.42, 0.67 mmol·L-1, respectively. ③ With the increase of NaCl concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein (SP) content, free proline (Pro) content and relative conductivity were all observed significantly increased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly at 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl concentration. Soluble sugar (SS) content showed a tendency of volatility. Therefore, under salt stress, seed germination and seedling growth of M. mongolica were inhibited to some extent, but the seedlings could adapt to the adversity by regulating their own organic penetrating substances and improving the protective enzyme activity, showing strong salt tolerance. The present research provided a basic theory for the promotion of seedlings of M. mongolica in saline-alkali areas, and provided a scientific basis for the cultivation and protection of salt-tolerant plant resources and the reconstruction of plant populations in saline-alkali areas.

Leaf Anatomic Structure of Five Shrubs and Its Effects on Drought Tolerance in Sunny Slope of Daqing Mountain

WANG Shusen1*, MENG Fanxu1, ZHAO Bo2, YAN Jie3*, CHENG Jiwen1, MA Yingmei1, GUO Yu1, HE Yingzhi4, TIE Ying4, ZHANG Bo5

2020, 22(1):  38-44.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0702

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In order to investigate the effect of leaf anatomic structures on drought tolerance in different shrub species of Daqing Mountains, five shrub species including Ostryopsis davidiana, Clematis fruticosa, Amygdalus pedunculata, Rhamnus parvifolia and Rosa xanthina were selected from the sunny slope of Daqing Mountains, Inner Mongolia. Paraffin sectioning technique and microscopy were used to dissect 13 leaf anatomic structure characteristics including leaf thickness, cuticle thickness, and epicuticle thickness, etc. to evaluate their drought tolerance via the membership function. The results showed that leaf thickness of C. fruticosa (319.30 μm) and leaf cuticle thickness of R. parvifolia (5.06 μm) were higher than those of the other three species. The thickness of spongy tissue (45.99 μm) and the looseness of leaf tissue structure (32.89%) of R. xanthina were the lowest. The major veins width (244.58 μm) and xylem area (3 662.03 μm2) were the highest in O. davidiana. The diameter of vessel element in C. fruticosa (9.66 μm) and the R. parvifolia (9.24 μm) were larger than those of the other species. According to the analysis of membership function, drought tolerance of five plant species was ranked as: O. davidiana (0.64)>C. fruticosa (0.56)>R. parvifolia (0.51)>A. pedunculata (0.46)>R. xanthina (0.36). The results of present research  provided anatomical basis for interpreting drought tolerance of plant in Daqing Mountains.

Research Progress on Coding RNAs and Non-coding RNAs in Reproductive Traits of Honey Bees

CHEN Xiao, SHI Wei*

2020, 22(1):  45-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0628

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Reproductive traits of honey bee queens are the base of other economic traits in apicultural industry. The genetic and regulatory mechanism of the reproductive traits is an important topic in the field of genetics and breeding in honey bees. In the reproductive processes of honey bees, coding and non-coding RNA play important roles. This paper summarized the basic characteristics and functional mechanisms of  messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA(miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in the reproductive activities of honey bees, and reviewed the regulation mechanisms of coding and non-coding RNA in the ovary activation and oviposition regulation processes. These studies were important for elucidating the molecular genetic mechanism of reproductive traits in honey bees, and also lay foundations for improving the reproductive performance of honey bees and improving the economic benefits of beekeeping.

Review on Development of Electrostatic Spraying Technology for Plant Protection

ZENG Yang, WU Zhijun*, LI Yifan, JIANG Chengkun, ZHANG Lihua, MA Rongchao

2020, 22(1):  52-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0016

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As an advanced plant protection technology in modern agriculture, pesticide electrostatic spray technology has a good effect in spray deposition rate and effective utilization rate of liquid compared with traditional spray technology. It can  save energy, reduce drug  and enhance efficiency  in the future agricultural development process. This paper  described the principle and characteristics of electrostatic spray technology and reviewed in detail the research progress of electrostatic spray technology at home and abroad. The application status of electrostatic spray technology was also  introduced. Finally, the problems and development prospects of electrostatic spray technology were discussed. These was expected to provide basis for the research and development of plant protection machine.

Study on Droplets Deposition and Drift Potential of Typical Different Flat Fan Nozzles

DOU Shuo

2020, 22(1):  59-66.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0643

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In order to select the reasonable nozzle and improve the effective utilization rate of pesticide, reduce the loss and drift,  this paper evaluated standard flat fan nozzles (Nozzle type: ST and LU) and venturi flat fan nozzles (Nozzle type: IDK and IDKT) from Lechler Company by droplet diameter, deposition and drift risk,using Laser Particle Size Tester and the developed test bench according to ISO24253-1 and ISO22369-3 in different spray pressures (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 MPa). The results indicated that with the increase of spray pressure, standard and venture flat fan nozzles droplet diameters all became smaller, relative spectrums (RI) turned  wider,  droplets was below 100 μm in diameter, and V100 increased. STs RI was wider than that of LU, and IDKTs RI was wider than that of IDK. Droplet sizes of ST and LU nozzle types in this study were  fine and very fine, while IDK and IDKTs droplet sizes were medium and coarse. Droplet size determined the droplet deposition and drift characteristics. In the same spray pressures, the deposition amount of the same kind of droplet on bare ground was IDKT120 > IDK120 > LU120 > ST110. The depositions of IDK and IDKT were significantly higher than those of ST and LU nozzle types (P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation of deposition of droplets were all less than 8.5%. With the increase of spray pressure, the amount of droplet drift increased, and the spray pressure had more effects on the droplet drift of the standard fan nozzle, but there were not obvious effect on that of the jet nozzles. Under the same spray pressure, the droplet drift rate of the jet nozzle was far less than that of the standard fan nozzle, and the droplet drift volume of each nozzle decreased with the increase of droplet collection distance, and the drift was mainly concentrated at the top 5 m of the test platform. Drift potential values (DPV) obtained showed newly designed Venturi flat fan nozzles IDK and IDKT could significantly reduce the drift potential (P<0.05), in comparision with standard flat fan nozzles ST and LU, drift reduction value reached to more than 55%. Above results were helpful for growers and industry to select the best nozzle types to increase efficacy and to reduce pesticide spray drift.

Screening of Biocontrol Agents Against Wheat Fusarium Head Blight and Its Field Control Experiment

ZHOU Hongzi1, ZHOU Fangyuan1, ZHAO Xiaoyan1, WU Cuixia2, ZHANG Guangzhi1, YUAN Weiwei3, WU Xiaoqing1, XIE Xueying1, FAN Susu1, ZHANG Xinjian1*

2020, 22(1):  67-77.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0406

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In order to reduce the application of chemical fungicide and develop effective biological control of wheat Fusarium head blight, one bacterial strain named Z54 with high antagonistic activity against wheat Fusarium head blight was isolated and screened from the diseased wheat ear. Its strain identification,  indoor bacteriostatic test and  disease prevention test by pot and field experiments were carried out. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, gyrB sequencing and morphological observation, strain Z54 was identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Dual culture test showed that the inhibition rate against P2 strain of Fusarium asiaticum was 70.13%. Co-culture experiment of Z54 strain fermentation broth with F. asiaticum P2 on PDA showed that the inhibition rate of P2 was 100%. Pot test of wheat showed that the control rate of bacterial cells and fermentation broth of Z54 on wheat Fusarium head blight was 78.57% and 77.95%, respectively; the field test showed that the relative control rate was 73.63% and 75.82%, respectively. Present research showed that Z54 strain of B. subtilis had good control efficacy against wheat head blight caused by F. asiaticum, and  broad prospects in development and application.

Clinical Effect and Target Animal Safety of Altrenogest Oral Solution

YANG Haifeng1,2§, LI Yanyan1,2§, CHEN Xiaolan1, YAO Shiyun1, HUANG Yaqi2, XIA Liangyou2, LI Yuchen2, BU Shijin2*

2020, 22(1):  78-86.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0619

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In order to provide basis for new veterinary drug registration and clinical rational application, the clinical effect and target animal safety of domestic altrenogest oral solution were investigated. The clinical effect of altrenogest oral solution in regulation of synchronous estrus in mature sows was evaluated by estrus interval, estrus rate, concentration ratio of estrus, pregnancy rate and etc. The target animal safety of altrenogest oral solution in mature sows was evaluated by comparison of clinical signs, blood routine and serum biochemical  indexes and histopathology before and after administration. In experimental clinical trials, mature sows were divided into domestic altrenogest oral solution groups with the high (25 mg·d-1), middle (20 mg·d-1) and low (5 mg·d-1) dose and blank control group, estrus interval of above four groups were (3.45±0.81)(3.35±0.66)(5.21±2.65) and (11.71±5.39) d, and estrus rate were 100% (20/20), 100% (20/20), 95% (19/20) and 70% (7/10), respectively. In expanded clinical trials, domestic altrenogest oral solution group and imported drug control group both showed good clinical effect of synchronous estrus in mature sows, estrus interval were (3.45±0.81) and (3.35±0.66) d, oestrus rate were 96.72% (59/61) and 98.33% (59/60), respectively. In target ainimal safety test, within the oral administration at 5-fold recommended dose of 100 mg·d-1, domestic altrenogest oral solution was safe and had no adverse reactions to blood physiological and biochemical functions and main organs of mature sows. In conclusion，the results indicated that domestic altrenogest oral solution was safe and effective in regulation of synchronous estrus in mature sows at the recommended dose of 20 mg·d-1 for successive 18 d.

Effect of Emitter Flow Rate of Wetted Body on Fertilizer Infiltration in Bubbled-root Irrigation

LI Xiao1, HE Zhenjia2*

2020, 22(1):  87-97.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0568

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In order to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization under the bubbled-root irrigation, the infiltration experiment of the wetting body was carried out on the undisturbed soil of the Mizhi Experimental Station of the Northwest A & F University, and the variation characteristics and the influence of water and nitrogen migration laws on the characteristic values of the different emitters were studied. The results showed that the water flow rate of the emitters had different effects on the moisture content and nitrogen distribution of the infiltration of the bubbled-root irrigation, and the infiltration capacity and the wetting front migration distance increased with the increase of the emitter flow, and obtained the mathematical model of the emitter flow and the cumulative infiltration of the bubbled-root irrigation and the wetting front migration distance. The shape of the wetting body formed under the infiltration condition of fertilizer solution was approximately ellipsoid, and the soil moisture content in the wet body was characterized by low surface layer (18.55%), intermediate height (20.39%) and low bottom layer (14.46%). In the actual production process, the characteristic value of the wetting body should be used as the basis for irrigation technology when the distribution was 1 d. The contents of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the same soil depth increased with the increase of the emitter flow. The longer the redistribution time was the higher the NO-3-N content in the soil increased, and the NO-3-N content in the surface soil was the largest. The deeper the depth was, the lower the NO-3-N content; the NH+4-N content in the soil decreased. The trend  was more obvious while the reduction of NH+4-N content in deep soil. The distribution and migration of NO-3-N content in water movement were significant, and the distribution and migration of NH+4-N content in water movement were not significant. Above results provided a technical reference for the efficient use of Yongquan root irrigation and fertilizer.

Variation Characteristics of Climate Resources During the Growth period of Spring Maize in Northeast China

HUAI Heju1,2, SUN Ning2, SHI Leigang2, LI Qifeng2, HU Haitang2, TAO Huan 2, LI Cunjun2*

2020, 22(1):  98-105.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0763

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In order to clarify the changes of climate resources in different growth stages during the growth period of spring maize in Northeast China, this paper analyzed average temperature, growth degree days (GDD), precipitation, and heat degree days (HDD) for the vegetative growth period (VGP), vegetative and reproductive growth period (VRGP), reproductive growth period (RGP) and whole growth period (WGP) of spring maize for the period of 1981—1999 and 2000—2010, based on the phenology observation records of the 40 agro-meteorological experimental stations and the daily meteorological data of the corresponding meteorological stations. The results showed: ① the average temperature, GDD and HDD for the VGP, VRGP, RGP and WGP of spring maize in Northeast China showed the same overall gradually increasing trend from northeast to southwest in spatial distribution, and the rainfall showed gradually increasing trend from northwest to southeast. ②Compared to 1981—1999, the average temperature and GDD for the VGP, VRGP, RGP and WGP of spring maize in Northeast China for the period of 2000—2010 showed an overall increasing trend, and the local trend was not obvious. The rainfall during each growth phase was not changed obviously, Jilin province and Liaoning province experienced slight decrease for the VRGP, Heilongjiang province experienced a decrease in rainfall for the RGP. The HDD showed an increasing trend in space during the VGP, especially in the western of the Northeast China.

Risk Analysis and Regionalization of Soybean Drought Disasters in Inner Mongolia

JIN Linxue1, TANG Hongyan1*, WU Rongsheng1, WANG Huizhen1, LIU Linchun2

2020, 22(1):  106-115.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0691

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Inner Mongolia is one of the main soybean producing areas in China, drought has been the main disaster in this region. Therefore, it has an important practical significance to explore the risk analysis and regionalization of soybean drought disaster in Inner Mongolia. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk, the models of drought disaster risk regionalization were built  by using the data of 119 stations in Inner Mongolia including weather, geographic information and statistical data of society and economy, and combining with the data of Second China Land Census. And the risk regionalization map was drawn by GIS technology. In this paper, the results showed that in Inner Mongolia,  the high drought risk areas were mainly distributed in the west of Daxinganling mountain regions, and the western-west regions. The medium-risk areas for drought of soybean were mainly in the both sides of Daxinganlingmountain, some areas of south-east, and eastern-west regions. The low risk areas were located in the western of Hinggan League, the southwest of Tongliao City, most of Chifeng City and most of south-central region.  This paper put forward some suggestions for each risk area, and the accuracy of zoning results is high.It was proven that the divisional result had higher precision, which was consistent with the situation include soybean reduction rate and the losses of drought. Above results could reflect the whole situation in Inner Mongolia and provide references for drought disaster prevention of soybean, which provided reference for soybean drought disaster prevention.

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer and Related Measures on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

LYU Dashu1, LI Zishen2, GUO Ze2, ZHANG Yaheng1, XIA Yang3, YANG Yubo1, XU Wei1, CHEN Xiangdong1, WANG Yingfeng2, ZHANG Liyuan1, DAI Xiaoyan2*

2020, 22(1):  116-123.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0754

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Tobacco is a potassium-addicted crop. Facing the shortage of potassium resources in China, it is necessary to clarify the best way of applying potassium to tobacco and improve the utilization efficiency of potassium. Using the field plot test method, Yuyan 6 as the research material, this paper carried out five experimental treatments according to the application of potassium and auxin, and studied the effects of different treatments on the physical properties, appearance quality, conventional chemical composition and neutral aroma content of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that: ①compared with CK, the treatment (applying potash fertilizer three times+applying auxin) could obviously improve the agronomic and physical characters of tobacco plant, and improve the score of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf. ② The potassium content and neutral aroma content of tobacco leaf increased by 55.88% and 10.89%, respectively, after applying potash fertilizer three times+ applying auxin. The yield, output value and the proportion of medium and upper tobacco were significantly higher than CK.③ Through the correlation analysis between the content of potassium and neutral aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaf, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between potassium content and some products in neutral aroma substances, indicating that increasing potassium content could effectively increase neutral aroma substances content. The treatment (application of potassium fertilizer, topping application of plant growth regulators) was more conducive to improve the agronomic traits of tobacco leaf, it was the best way to apply potassium to tobacco.

Current Situation  and Industry Development Suggestion of Sea Cucumber Mariculture in Guangxi

HUANG Lianghua1, FENG Pengfei2, PAN Chuanyan2*, LIANG Fangfang1, Pan Chuanying3

2020, 22(1):  124-129.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0012

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In order to better promote the development of sea cucumber industry of Guangxi, this paper reviewed sea cucumber resources and the current situation of sea cucumber mariculture, analyzed the main problems of sea cucumber industry in Guangxi, and gave suggestions for sustainable and healthy development of sea cucumber industry in Guangxi. At present，existing problems in Guangxi sea cucumber mariculture industry included small culture scale, low level of aquaculture technology, low level of facilities, single culture species, unbalanced germplasm resources quality, etc.. In order to promote the healthy development of sea cucumber industry and contribute to marine fishery economy of Guangxi, proposed suggestions included excavating the local germplasm resources, establishing nursery bases, reasonably planning sea cucumber culturing and improving infrastructure, carrying out breeding techniques research, improving sea cucumber seedling raising and culture techniques, etc..

Effects of Different Salinities on Nutritional Composition in Muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei

LI Xiao, WANG Xiaolu, WANG Ying, JIANG Xiaodong, LI Hongyan, LIU Tianhong, WU Zhihong, JI Lei

2020, 22(1):  130-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0004

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Litopenaeus vannamei is a high-quality variety and belongs to euryhaline shrimp, and salinity can affect its nutrient composition, quality and taste. In order to find a suitable cultured salinity from the nutritional view, this study investigated the effects of different salinities on muscle quality of Litopenaeus vannameiby testing the muscle nutrient composition, amino acid and fat acid composition as well as content under different salinities（5,26,30,50） for 90 d. The results showed that: (1) The muscle moisture decreased significantly, while the protein content increased significantly with an increase in environmental salinity from 5 to 50. No significant difference in muscle crude fat content was observed with salinity variance. (2) The content of TAA and EAA at salinity 26 was the highest. The content of DAA increased while salinity increased. Among the 18 amino acids detected in the muscle, the content of 3 amino acids（Ser, Glu and His） decreased significantly with salinity increased. The content of 10 amino acids at salinity 26 was highest. (3)The content of main SFA in the muscle was from 14.5% to 23.2%，while the content of main MUFA was from 15.3% to 27.1% and the content of main PUFA was from 9% to 24.6%. The content of flavor precursor fatty acid was higher at salinity 26 and 30 than that of other salinities. The results suggested that there were some differences in the nutritional composition of Litopenaeus vannamei in different salinity groups, but these salinities were suitable for the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Study on Stomach Composition and Feeding Level of Chub Mackerel in the Northwest Pacific

TANG Fenghua1, DAI Shuwei1,2, FAN Wei1, CUI Xuesen1, ZHANG Heng1*

2020, 22(1):  138-148.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0210

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In order to understand the basic biology characteristics and dietary characteristics of  main economic species caught by the Chinese light-purse seine and light lift net fishery, this paper studied the biological characteristics such as sex and feeding level of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicas), based on the biological data of S. japonicas which collected in fishing vessels in Northwest Pacific Ocean high seas from Oct. to Nov. in 2016 and Apr. to Nov. in 2017. The results showed that the diet of S. japonicas in Northwest Pacific Ocean included 9 taxa (such as shrimps, fishes, copepods) and 16 subgroups of prey species. Shrimps were the dominated prey and Euhausiacea sp. was the most dominated one. The weight percentage (W) of fish prey was relatively higher than that of shrimps, however its numeric percentage value (N) was lower than the half value of shrimps. There was more species in the stomach of S. japonicas in summer and autumn than those in winter and spring. But it varied in  different seasons. There was no significant changes in feeding intensity and stomach fullness index (P) of chub mackerel with fork length less than 300 mm or body weight less than 300 g. However the feeding level and stomach fullness index  of chub mackerels tended to increase with their body size or weight in which with the fork length more than 300 mm or the weight more than 300 g. S. japonicas with the fork length more than 300 mm have lower trophic niche than that with the fork length less than 300 mm, because it feed more large bait. This study provided a basic data for the management and sustainable development of chub mackerel resources in the Northwest Pacific.

Research on the Antioxidant Effect of Different Enzymatic Hydrolysis Products of Nereis succinea

LIU Tianhong1, WANG Ying1*, SUN Yuanqin1, LI Hongyan1, LI Xiao1, LI Yang2, JIANG Xiaodong1, JI Lei1

2020, 22(1):  149-161.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0710

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Marine biological protein resources are  important parts of marine living resources. High-value processing and utilization of marine biological resources is important for marine biological technology research. Enzymatic hydrolysis is an effective way to improve the function of marine proteins. However, different types of enzymes have different action sites, which may have certain effects on the activity of enzymatic hydrolysis products. In order to explore the antioxidant properties of different enzymatic hydrolysis products of Nereis succinea, 6 protease (alkaline protease, neutral protease, pepsin, papain, flavor protease, trypsin) were used to enzyme Nereis succinea, and some indexes reflecting the level of antioxidant, such as the degree of hydrolysis, molecular weight distribution and the scavenging rate of 3 kinds of free radicals (DPPH, O-2·, ·OH) were measured. The results showed that trypsin had the highest yield of small molecule peptides at 70.47%, and the pepsin was second with 68.12%. At the concentration of 5 mg·mL-1, pepsin and papain had better effects on DPPH scavenging rate of 90.87% and 90.52% after 4 h enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively.  The best effect on O-2· scavenging rate was 89.78% after 3 h pepsin hydrolysis. Papain had the second best effect on O-2· scavenging rate after 3 h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 57.99%. The effects of alkaline protease hydrolysis for 4 h and pepsin hydrolysis for 2 h on the ·OH scavenging rate were good, which were 85.07% and 83.37%, respectively. Trypsin and pepsin had obvious effects on improving the hydrolysis degree of enzymatic hydrolysate and the production of small peptide, and pepsin hydrolysis had better scavenging rate for 3 kinds of free radicals, which indicated that pepsin was more suitable for the preparation of antioxidation peptide from Nereis succinea.

Comparison of Different Wavelength Selection Methods in SOM Content Detection

CHENG Jiehong1, CHEN Zhengguang1*, ZHANG Qinghua2

2020, 22(1):  162-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0153

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Because of the multicollinearity of near-infrared spectroscopy data, the selection of characteristic wavelength has been an important research for near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology. Based on spectral data and the content of soil organic matter (SOM) of 108 soil samples, this paper used  three typical characteristics wavelength selection algorithm, the successive projections algorithm (SPA), interval partial least squares (IPLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), for wavelength selection of near-infrared spectroscopy and modeling of soil organic matter content. The results showed that the model based on the characteristic wavelength extracted by the three methods above had better prediction ability than that of the full-spectrum model. Among them, the accuracy of the MLR prediction model based on SPA algorithm was the best, and the correlation coefficient (Rp) and root mean square error (RMSEP) of the prediction set were 0.970 2 and 1.214 4, respectively, with only 6 model parameters. Therefore, SPA-MLR could effectively apply near-infrared spectroscopy modeling, simplify the complexity of the model, and improve the computational efficiency of the model.

Regeneration of Acer Palmatum cv. ‘Sango kaku’ by Tissue Culture

MA Jianhua1, ZHU Xiaofei1, HE Chengxiang1, DING Longmei1, XIANG Mingjian1, HUANG Liangwei1, JIANG Liangzhen2, XIE Songlin1*

2020, 22(1):  171-178.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0672

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Acer Palmatum cv. ‘Sango kaku’ is a precious ornamental tree with colorful foliage in growing season and red stems in winter. In order to establish the tissue culture regeneration system, taking the bud stem segment of ‘Sango kaku’  as explant,   the sterilization and medium for induction, proliferation and rooting were selected, and the transplanting techniques were established in vitro plants. The results showed that, June was the best timimg of the whole year for explant collection. The explant samples were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s plus 0.1%  mercury for 10 min after immersion in 400× Carbendazim, which was the best sterilization way. The optimum medium for each stage of the regeneration system was: ① induction culture: MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IAA; ② proliferation culture: MS+2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 IAA; ③ rooting culture: 1/2 MS+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA. The tissue culture seedlings were kept in closed bottle for 6 d, in opening bottle for 3 d, and transplanted to the matrix with charcoal∶vermiculite∶perlite = 1∶1∶1. The survival rate of the transplanted tissue culture plants could reach 90%.

Research on Induction and Suspension Culture of Adventitious Root   of Valeriana officinalis

LI Wenjie, LI Meiyang*, GONG Hui

2020, 22(1):  179-186.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0081

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In order to obtain the ideal conditions for adventitious root induction and suspension culture of Valeriana officinalis, this paper used the leaf and stem segments of aseptic seedlings as explant to study the effects of exogenous hormone indoleacetic acid（IAA）, 1-naphthylacetic acid（NAA） and 3-indolebutyric acid （IBA） on adventitious root induction; and evaluated the effect of medium types and exogenous hormones on adventitious root suspension culture. The results showed that: stem was better than leaf to be explant, NAA was better than IBA and IAA  in the process of adventitious root induction. MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA was the ideal medium for inducing adventitious roots and its adventitious root induction rate was the highest, reaching 94.44%. Besides, in the process of adventitious root suspension culture, RCM was the ideal medium. Its fresh weight of harvested adventitious root could reach 7.80 g·L-1, harvested dry weight was 1.46 g·L-1 and dry matter rate was 18.73%. 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA was an ideal exogenous hormone. Its adventitious root yield could reach as high as 33.56 g·L-1 and the highest multiplication rate was 24.51. The high effective culturing system for adventitious root of Valeriana officinalis established by this study could obtain big quantity of adventitious root in short time, and provide technical basis for industrial production of adventitious roots.