Research on the Green Control Technology Model of Diseases and Insects in Double-cropping Rice in Jiangxi Province

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0321

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to increase the benefit of rice planting， minimize the application amount of chemical pesticides in rice fields， ensure the quality of rice and the ecological environment of the rice field， the feasibility of integrated application of green prevention and control technology of rice diseases and insect pests in Jiangxi province was evaluated by selecting resistant varieties， optimizing tillage and cultivation measures， strengthening fertilizer and water management， planting honey-source plants， implementing sex attract insecticidal and frequency vibration insecticidal lamps， combining biological pesticides and emergency chemical pesticides， and applying efficient plant protection equipment to improve agricultural production efficiency. In 2019—2020， comparative experiments were carried out in Xingan and Xiajiang counties of Jiangxi province. Taking 5 major rice diseases and insect pests as examples， the control effects of different pesticide application schemes on pest control were compared， the costs and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that the integrated application of green control technology to sustainable control of diseases and insect pests reduced the hazard rate of “three insects and two diseases” by 2.62%~47.11%； increased rice yield by 0.35%~11.16%； the costs per hectare of the use of chemicals had been reduced by 139.1 yuan·hm^-2 with a decrease of 7.84%. Due to the characteristics of environmental friendly， simply and easily， the green control technology should become a national main technology and have a good prospect to be used widely.

Key words: Jiangxi, rice diseases and insect pests, green control technology, technological model

摘要：

为增加水稻种植效益，减少稻田化学农药的施用量，保障稻米品质和稻田生态环境，通过选用抗性品种、优化耕作栽培措施、加强肥水管理、种植蜜源植物、推行性引诱杀虫和频振杀虫灯、结合生物农药和应急化学农药、应用高效植保器械提高农业生产效率等技术措施，评估了江西省水稻病虫害绿色防控技术集成应用的可行性。2019—2020年分别在江西省新干县和峡江县进行了对比试验示范。以5种水稻主要病虫害为例，比较了不同施药方案对病虫害的防治效果，分析了用药成本和经济效益。结果表明，综合应用绿色防控技术可持续控制病虫害，“三虫两病”危害率降低2.62%~47.11%，产量增加0.35%~11.16%；每季药剂成本减少139.1元·hm^-2，降幅为7.84%。该技术模式简单易行、绿色环保、经济省工，应用前景广阔。

关键词: 江西, 水稻病虫害, 绿色防控, 技术模式

CLC Number:

S511.4+2

Wei WANG, Lijuan XIE, Dongya XIAO, Gensheng CHEN, Liang XIE, Ziming WU, Xugen SHI, Huijie LI. Research on the Green Control Technology Model of Diseases and Insects in Double-cropping Rice in Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(9): 129-138.

王巍, 谢莉娟, 肖东芽, 陈根生, 谢靓, 吴自明, 石绪根, 李辉婕. 江西省双季稻病虫害绿色防控技术模式探究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(9): 129-138.

Figures/Tables 9

References 23

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处理 Treatment	每季施药次数 Application times per season	药剂名称 Name of drugs	用药量 Appication dosage/（mL·hm^-2）
CK：农户自防Farmer's control	第1次First	5%阿维菌素 5% abamectin	2 250
	第1次First	20%辛硫酸20% lipoic acid	1 500
	第2次Second	5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		30%苯甲·丙环唑30% benzyl-propiazole	300
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
	第3次Third	40%水胺硫磷40% isocarbophos	1 500
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		80%杀虫单80% molosultap	1 500
		10%井冈·蜡芽菌10% Validamycin-Bacillus cereus	6 000
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
G：绿色防控Green control technology	第1次First	20%氯虫苯甲酰胺 20% chlorantraniliprole	225
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	225
		75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇75% NATIVO	150
	第2次Second	12%氟唑菌酰胺 12% fluxapyroxad	240
		20%呋虫胺 20% dinotefuran	150
		32 000 iu·mg^-1苏云金芽孢杆菌	1 500
		32 000 iu·mg^-1Bacillus thuringiensis	1 500
		10%四氯虫酰胺 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole	600

处理 Treatment	每季施药次数 Application times per season	药剂名称 Name of drugs	用药量 Appication dosage/（mL·hm^-2）
CK：农户自防Farmer's control	第1次First	5%阿维菌素 5% abamectin	2 250
	第1次First	20%辛硫酸20% lipoic acid	1 500
	第2次Second	5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		30%苯甲·丙环唑30% benzyl-propiazole	300
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
	第3次Third	40%水胺硫磷40% isocarbophos	1 500
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	2 250
		80%杀虫单80% molosultap	1 500
		10%井冈·蜡芽菌10% Validamycin-Bacillus cereus	6 000
		80%烯啶·吡蚜酮80% enidine-pymetrozine	120
		75%三环唑75% tricyclazole	450
G：绿色防控Green control technology	第1次First	20%氯虫苯甲酰胺 20% chlorantraniliprole	225
		5%阿维菌素5% abamectin	225
		75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇75% NATIVO	150
	第2次Second	12%氟唑菌酰胺 12% fluxapyroxad	240
		20%呋虫胺 20% dinotefuran	150
		32 000 iu·mg^-1苏云金芽孢杆菌	1 500
		32 000 iu·mg^-1Bacillus thuringiensis	1 500
		10%四氯虫酰胺 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole	600

年 Year	季别Season	示范地Locality	处理Treatment	有效穗数 Panicle number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Filled grain percentage/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-²）
2019	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	324.33±10.81 ab	131.09±21.71 a	81.38±0.09 a	28.63±0.26 a	7 545.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	352.12±9.57 a	113.11±24.71 b	82.06±0.13 a	27.99±0.16 b	7 272.60 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	319.60±7.11 ab	147.11±42.05 a	80.47±0.08 a	27.54±0.18b	7 788.15 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	342.67±9.54 a	131.51±37.26 b	77.56±0.10 a	28.57±0.24 a	7 309.05 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	594.74±11.53 a	164.71±33.43 ab	85.31±0.05 a	21.17±2.06 a	8 628.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	557.78±12.31 ab	172.52±17.18 a	82.89±0.06 b	19.93±0.97 b	8 023.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	555.83±14.45 a	111.57±15.09 a	82.22±0.07 a	19.62±1.73 a	8 304.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	516.93±10.45 b	102.79±16.57 ab	81.93±0.02 a	17.44±0.97 b	7 321.05 b
2020	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	416.88±9.42 a	120.89±16.89a	83.21±0.06 a	21.34±0.21 a	8 361.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	411.32±11.84 a	117.39±14.26 a	82.28±0.05 a	21.45±0.69 a	7 861.50 b
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	344.62±10.80 a	111.63±14.89 a	85.27±0.06 a	22.38±0.53 a	7 252.65 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	305.71±9.58 a	125.04±45.15 a	80.00±0.09 b	22.13±0.26 a	6 651.40 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	389.08±10.82 a	115.77±10.25 a	64.28±0.10 a	20.17±1.24 a	6 081.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	379.91±10.47 a	113.11±24.71 a	61.57±0.03 a	19.33±0.84 b	5 800.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	287.09±9.47 a	166.87±10.25 a	79.27±0.13 a	16.56±1.67 a	7 098.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	294.04±10.65 a	151.62±15.88 a	77.19±0.14 a	15.87±0.62 a	6 274.63 b

年 Year	季别Season	示范地Locality	处理Treatment	有效穗数 Panicle number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Filled grain percentage/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-²）
2019	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	324.33±10.81 ab	131.09±21.71 a	81.38±0.09 a	28.63±0.26 a	7 545.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	352.12±9.57 a	113.11±24.71 b	82.06±0.13 a	27.99±0.16 b	7 272.60 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	319.60±7.11 ab	147.11±42.05 a	80.47±0.08 a	27.54±0.18b	7 788.15 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	342.67±9.54 a	131.51±37.26 b	77.56±0.10 a	28.57±0.24 a	7 309.05 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	594.74±11.53 a	164.71±33.43 ab	85.31±0.05 a	21.17±2.06 a	8 628.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	557.78±12.31 ab	172.52±17.18 a	82.89±0.06 b	19.93±0.97 b	8 023.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	555.83±14.45 a	111.57±15.09 a	82.22±0.07 a	19.62±1.73 a	8 304.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	516.93±10.45 b	102.79±16.57 ab	81.93±0.02 a	17.44±0.97 b	7 321.05 b
2020	早稻 Early rice	新干 Xingan	G	416.88±9.42 a	120.89±16.89a	83.21±0.06 a	21.34±0.21 a	8 361.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	411.32±11.84 a	117.39±14.26 a	82.28±0.05 a	21.45±0.69 a	7 861.50 b
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	344.62±10.80 a	111.63±14.89 a	85.27±0.06 a	22.38±0.53 a	7 252.65 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	305.71±9.58 a	125.04±45.15 a	80.00±0.09 b	22.13±0.26 a	6 651.40 a
	晚稻 Late rice	新干 Xingan	G	389.08±10.82 a	115.77±10.25 a	64.28±0.10 a	20.17±1.24 a	6 081.00 a
		新干 Xingan	CK	379.91±10.47 a	113.11±24.71 a	61.57±0.03 a	19.33±0.84 b	5 800.50 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	G	287.09±9.47 a	166.87±10.25 a	79.27±0.13 a	16.56±1.67 a	7 098.00 a
		峡江 Xiajiang	CK	294.04±10.65 a	151.62±15.88 a	77.19±0.14 a	15.87±0.62 a	6 274.63 b

检测项目Test item	检测结果Test result	检出限Detection limit/ （mg·kg^-1）	检测方法参考标准Test method
阿维菌素 Abamectin	未检出 Not detect	0.007	GB 23200.20—2016^［16］
氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	未检出 Not detect	0.005	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
四氯虫酰胺 Tetrachlorantraniliprole	未检出 Not detect	0.003	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
呋虫胺 Dinotefuran	未检出 Not detect	0.002	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］
氟唑菌酰胺 Fluxapyroxad	未检出 Not detect	0.005	GB/T 20770—2008^［15］