Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 123-132.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0783
• INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY • Previous Articles
Shisheng SONG(
), Songlin SUN, Qin FANG, Caiwang PENG(), Ting ZHOU, Haiying ZHU
Received:2021-09-06
Accepted:2022-03-08
Online:2022-06-15
Published:2022-06-21
Contact:
Caiwang PENG
宋世圣(), 孙松林, 方芹, 彭才望(), 周婷, 朱海英
通讯作者:
彭才望
作者简介:宋世圣 E-mail：hunausss@163.com；
基金资助:CLC Number:
Shisheng SONG, Songlin SUN, Qin FANG, Caiwang PENG, Ting ZHOU, Haiying ZHU. Parameters Calibration of Discrete Element for Kitchen Waste Organic Fertilizer Bioconversion by Black Soldier Fly[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 123-132.
宋世圣, 孙松林, 方芹, 彭才望, 周婷, 朱海英. 黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾有机肥离散元模型参数标定[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 123-132.
Fig. 1 Particle size distribution
Fig. 2 Principle of static friction coefficient measurement
Fig. 3 Measuring principle of rolling friction coefficient
Fig. 4 Simulation model of accumulation angleNote：1—Hopper； 2—Simulation particles； 3—Steel sheet.
参数符号 Parameter symbol | 参数 Parameter | 低水平 Low level（-1） | 高水平 High level（1） | 文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.10 | 0.30 | ［ |
| B | 剪切模量 Shear modulus/MPa | 4.00 | 10.00 | ［ |
| C | 颗粒密度 Particle density/（kg·m-3） | 1 500 | 2 500 | ［ |
| D | 有机肥-有机肥碰撞恢复系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer restitution coefficient | 0.10 | 0.70 | ［ |
| E | 有机肥-有机肥静摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer static friction coefficient | 0.75 | 0.85 | 测定Measure |
| F | 有机肥-有机肥滚动摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer rolling friction coefficient | 0.10 | 0.20 | 测定Measure |
| G | 有机肥-钢碰撞恢复系数 Organic fertilizer-steel restitution coefficient | 0.30 | 0.90 | ［ |
| H | 有机肥-钢静摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-steel static friction coefficient | 0.60 | 0.70 | 测定Measure |
| J | 有机肥钢滚动摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-steel rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | 0.11 | 测定Measure |
| K | JKR表面能 JKR surface energy/（J·m-2） | 0.05 | 0.15 | ［ |
Table 1 Factors of Plackett-Burman Design
参数符号 Parameter symbol | 参数 Parameter | 低水平 Low level（-1） | 高水平 High level（1） | 文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.10 | 0.30 | ［ |
| B | 剪切模量 Shear modulus/MPa | 4.00 | 10.00 | ［ |
| C | 颗粒密度 Particle density/（kg·m-3） | 1 500 | 2 500 | ［ |
| D | 有机肥-有机肥碰撞恢复系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer restitution coefficient | 0.10 | 0.70 | ［ |
| E | 有机肥-有机肥静摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer static friction coefficient | 0.75 | 0.85 | 测定Measure |
| F | 有机肥-有机肥滚动摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer rolling friction coefficient | 0.10 | 0.20 | 测定Measure |
| G | 有机肥-钢碰撞恢复系数 Organic fertilizer-steel restitution coefficient | 0.30 | 0.90 | ［ |
| H | 有机肥-钢静摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-steel static friction coefficient | 0.60 | 0.70 | 测定Measure |
| J | 有机肥钢滚动摩擦系数 Organic fertilizer-steel rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | 0.11 | 测定Measure |
| K | JKR表面能 JKR surface energy/（J·m-2） | 0.05 | 0.15 | ［ |
试验序号 No. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 30.2 |
| 2 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 62.85 |
| 3 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 40.28 |
| 4 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 33.25 |
| 5 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 31.58 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 32.13 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 51.05 |
| 8 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 55.35 |
| 9 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 30.95 |
| 10 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 53.58 |
| 11 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 51.18 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 52.08 |
Table 2 Design and results of Plackett-Burman Design
试验序号 No. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 30.2 |
| 2 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 62.85 |
| 3 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 40.28 |
| 4 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 33.25 |
| 5 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 31.58 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 32.13 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 51.05 |
| 8 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 55.35 |
| 9 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 30.95 |
| 10 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 53.58 |
| 11 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 51.18 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 52.08 |
方差来源 Soruce of variation | 标准化效应 Stdized effects | 均方和 Sum of mean squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | F值 F value | P值 P value | 排序 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | — | 1 526.53 | 10 | 772.40 | 0.028 0 | — |
| A | 2.58 | 19.92 | 1 | 100.78 | 0.063 2 | 5 |
| B | -2.73 | 22.30 | 1 | 112.86 | 0.059 8 | 4 |
| C | -0.87 | 2.25 | 1 | 11.40 | 0.183 3 | 8 |
| D | -21.28 | 1 358.94 | 1 | 6 876.07 | 0.007 7** | 1 |
| E | 1.37 | 5.60 | 1 | 28.35 | 0.118 2 | 9 |
| F | -0.090 | 0.024 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.785 3 | 10 |
| G | 3.83 | 44.01 | 1 | 222.67 | 0.042 6* | 3 |
| H | 2.53 | 19.25 | 1 | 97.42 | 0.064 3 | 6 |
| J | -4.05 | 49.21 | 1 | 248.98 | 0.040 3* | 2 |
| K | -1.29 | 5.02 | 1 | 25.39 | 0.124 7 | 7 |
Table 3 Significance analysis of Plackett-Burman test results
方差来源 Soruce of variation | 标准化效应 Stdized effects | 均方和 Sum of mean squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | F值 F value | P值 P value | 排序 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | — | 1 526.53 | 10 | 772.40 | 0.028 0 | — |
| A | 2.58 | 19.92 | 1 | 100.78 | 0.063 2 | 5 |
| B | -2.73 | 22.30 | 1 | 112.86 | 0.059 8 | 4 |
| C | -0.87 | 2.25 | 1 | 11.40 | 0.183 3 | 8 |
| D | -21.28 | 1 358.94 | 1 | 6 876.07 | 0.007 7** | 1 |
| E | 1.37 | 5.60 | 1 | 28.35 | 0.118 2 | 9 |
| F | -0.090 | 0.024 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.785 3 | 10 |
| G | 3.83 | 44.01 | 1 | 222.67 | 0.042 6* | 3 |
| H | 2.53 | 19.25 | 1 | 97.42 | 0.064 3 | 6 |
| J | -4.05 | 49.21 | 1 | 248.98 | 0.040 3* | 2 |
| K | -1.29 | 5.02 | 1 | 25.39 | 0.124 7 | 7 |
试验编号 Code | D | G | J | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） | 相对误差 Relative errors/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 36.58 | 11.51 |
| 2 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 39.38 | 4.74 |
| 3 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 47.65 | 15.26 |
| 4 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 0.05 | 56.23 | 36.02 |
| 5 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 59.34 | 43.54 |
| 6 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 61.25 | 48.16 |
Table 4 Design and results of steepest ascent test
试验编号 Code | D | G | J | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） | 相对误差 Relative errors/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 36.58 | 11.51 |
| 2 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 39.38 | 4.74 |
| 3 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 47.65 | 15.26 |
| 4 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 0.05 | 56.23 | 36.02 |
| 5 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 59.34 | 43.54 |
| 6 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 61.25 | 48.16 |
试验编号 Code | 水平 Level | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | G | J | ||
| 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 43.25 |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 48.35 |
| 3 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 34.15 |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 50.85 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47.30 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45.73 |
| 7 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 45.50 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46.80 |
| 9 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 42.50 |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 41.65 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47.85 |
| 12 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 40.80 |
| 13 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 38.23 |
| 14 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 39.28 |
| 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 43.15 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48.23 |
| 17 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 36.19 |
Table 5 Design and results of Box-Behnken Design
试验编号 Code | 水平 Level | 堆积角 Repose angle/（°） | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | G | J | ||
| 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 43.25 |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 48.35 |
| 3 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 34.15 |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 50.85 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47.30 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45.73 |
| 7 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 45.50 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46.80 |
| 9 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 42.50 |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 41.65 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47.85 |
| 12 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 40.80 |
| 13 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 38.23 |
| 14 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 39.28 |
| 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 43.15 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48.23 |
| 17 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 36.19 |
方差来源 Soruce of variation | 均方和 Sum of mean squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 340.15 | 9 | 23.37 | 0.000 2** |
| D | 57.84 | 1 | 35.76 | 0.000 6** |
| G | 16.27 | 1 | 10.06 | 0.015 7* |
| J | 149.99 | 1 | 92.73 | <0.000 1** |
| DG | 3.92 | 1 | 2.42 | 0.163 5 |
| DJ | 1.16 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.425 9 |
| GJ | 4.10 | 1 | 2.54 | 0.155 4 |
| D2 | 34.95 | 1 | 21.61 | 0.002 3** |
| G2 | 55.82 | 1 | 34.51 | 0.000 6** |
| J2 | 6.72 | 1 | 4.16 | 0.080 9 |
| 残差Residual | 11.32 | 7 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 7.51 | 3 | 2.63 | 0.187 0 |
| 纯误差Pure error | 3.81 | 4 | ||
| 总和Sum | 351.48 | 16 |
Table 6 ANOVA of regression model of Box Behnken Design
方差来源 Soruce of variation | 均方和 Sum of mean squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 340.15 | 9 | 23.37 | 0.000 2** |
| D | 57.84 | 1 | 35.76 | 0.000 6** |
| G | 16.27 | 1 | 10.06 | 0.015 7* |
| J | 149.99 | 1 | 92.73 | <0.000 1** |
| DG | 3.92 | 1 | 2.42 | 0.163 5 |
| DJ | 1.16 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.425 9 |
| GJ | 4.10 | 1 | 2.54 | 0.155 4 |
| D2 | 34.95 | 1 | 21.61 | 0.002 3** |
| G2 | 55.82 | 1 | 34.51 | 0.000 6** |
| J2 | 6.72 | 1 | 4.16 | 0.080 9 |
| 残差Residual | 11.32 | 7 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 7.51 | 3 | 2.63 | 0.187 0 |
| 纯误差Pure error | 3.81 | 4 | ||
| 总和Sum | 351.48 | 16 |
Fig. 5 Comparison of physical test and simulation testA： Physical test and simulation image； B： Grayscale processing； C： Binarization processing； D：Comparison of boundary contou. The left shows physical test and the right shows simulation test
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