Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 211-221.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0196

• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles    

Analysis of Community Characteristics and Stability During Ecological Restoration in Mining Area of Alpine Steppe

Shiwen LI1(), Bo WANG2, Jing LIU1(), Jinghua HU1, Yanan YUAN1, Xinru ZHENG1   

  1. 1.College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
    2.College of Geographical Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010020,China
  • Received:2023-03-17 Accepted:2023-06-03 Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-01-21
  • Contact: Jing LIU

高寒草原矿区生态修复过程中植物多样性及群落稳定性分析

李诗文1(), 王博2, 刘静1(), 胡晶华1, 袁亚楠1, 郑欣如1   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特 010018
    2.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特 010022
  • 通讯作者: 刘静
  • 作者简介:李诗文 E-mail:819664882@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化计划项目(2022YFDZ0027)

Abstract:

To study plant diversity and community stability during vegetation restoration in the mining area of alpine steppe, and explore the evolution regularity of plant communities, Baiyinhua mining area of Wuzhumuqin Banne in Xilin Gol League and nearby grasslands were as the research object. The dynamic changes of plant community characteristics, species diversity and community stability were studied. The results showed that the number of plant species in grasslands was higher than that in ecological restoration area of dump. There were 32 species of plants in the restoration area, including 5 shrubs belonging to 3 families and 4 genera (mainly legume) and 27 species of herbs belonging to 7 families and 21 genera (mainly gramineae and legumes). The proportion of perennial herbs in the total species number increased from 40.0% to 62.5%. The constructive species in the ecological restoration area of dump were consisted of Leymus chinensisElymus dahuricusMedicago sativa and Agropyron cristatum, and the average important value of Leymus chinensis was 30.96%, whose ecological niche had obvious advantage. The Margalef index, Shannon-weiner index, Pielou evenness index of grasslands were significantly higher than those of the ecological restoration area of dump. The restoration area of the dump was unstable state in the early stage of succession, among which the stability of the south dump was the best, and the stability of the east dump was the worst due to the large slope and slight degradation of the land surface, which made it difficult for plants to colonize. In conclusion, the management and protection of the ecological restoration area of dump should be strengthened to improve habitat quality, promote community succession process, improve community stability, and improve the effect of vegetation restoration.

Key words: alpine region, ecological restoration, restoration years, succession of community, species diversity of plant

摘要:

为研究高寒草原矿区植被恢复过程中植物多样性及群落稳定性,探究矿区植物群落演替规律,以锡林郭勒盟西乌珠穆沁旗白音华露天矿内的排土场生态修复区及相邻天然草原为研究对象,研究其植被恢复过程中植物群落特征、物种多样性及群落稳定性的动态变化。结果表明,天然草原的物种数目远高于排土场生态修复区,后者共发现32种植物,其中,灌木共5种,隶属3科4属,以豆科为主;草本植物共27种,隶属7科21属,以禾本科和豆科为主,且多年生草本占比由40.0%逐年增至62.5%。排土场生态修复区的建群种包括羊草(Leymus chinensis)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、紫花苜蓿(Hippophae rhamnoides)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum),其中羊草的平均重要值达30.96%,其生态位具有明显优势。天然草原的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-weiner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于排土场生态修复区。排土场修复区处于演替初期的不稳定状态,其中南排土场的稳定性较好;东排土场坡度过大、地表轻微退化,导致植物难以定植,各项α多样性指数均处于最低水平,稳定性最差。综上所述,应加强排土场生态修复区的管护,改善生境质量,提高群落稳定性,促进群落演替进程,从而提高植被恢复效果。

关键词: 高寒地区, 矿区生态修复, 修复年限, 群落演替, 植物多样性

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