Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 211-221.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0196
• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles
Shiwen LI1(), Bo WANG2, Jing LIU1(
), Jinghua HU1, Yanan YUAN1, Xinru ZHENG1
Received:
2023-03-17
Accepted:
2023-06-03
Online:
2025-01-15
Published:
2025-01-21
Contact:
Jing LIU
李诗文1(), 王博2, 刘静1(
), 胡晶华1, 袁亚楠1, 郑欣如1
通讯作者:
刘静
作者简介:
李诗文 E-mail:819664882@qq.com;
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Shiwen LI, Bo WANG, Jing LIU, Jinghua HU, Yanan YUAN, Xinru ZHENG. Analysis of Community Characteristics and Stability During Ecological Restoration in Mining Area of Alpine Steppe[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 211-221.
李诗文, 王博, 刘静, 胡晶华, 袁亚楠, 郑欣如. 高寒草原矿区生态修复过程中植物多样性及群落稳定性分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 211-221.
土场 Dump | 地块 Plot | 海拔 Elevation/m | 修复期 Period | 优势种 Dominant species | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 总盖度 Coverage/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Height/cm | 密度/ (株·m-2) Density/(plant·m-2) | 株高 Height/cm | 密度/ (株·m-2) Density/(plant·m-2) | ||||||
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘Terrace | 1 217 | 2020—2022 | 沙打旺 Astragalus laxmannii | 22.3±6.3 | 245.8±33.5 | — | — | 61.5±7.9 |
坡面Slope | 1 205 | 2020—2022 | 小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla | 29.8±40.7 | 319.6±45.1 | 107.2±19.1 | 18.4±6.1 | 82.4±14.3 | |
冰草 Agropyron cristatum | |||||||||
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘Terrace | 1 140 | 2019—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 18.2±4.3 | 148.1±23.6 | 62.1±11.3 | 21.3±5.2 | 83.3±8.6 |
羊草 Leymus chinensis | |||||||||
坡面Slope | 1 130 | 2019—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 35.6±8.8 | 141.2±14.5 | 93.8±22.6 | 15.4±2.6 | 81.7±12.5 | |
披碱草 Elymus dahuricus | |||||||||
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘Terrace | 1 075 | 2018—2022 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 16.2±3.6 | 92.8±10.5 | 86.2±14.7 | 23.0±5.7 | 74.8±10.2 |
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | |||||||||
坡面Slope | 1 060 | 2018—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 38.7±7.4 | 115.5±20.6 | 79.3±16.8 | 31.3±9.6 | 50.6±6.9 | |
高羊茅 Festuca elata |
Table 1 Basic information of survey plot
土场 Dump | 地块 Plot | 海拔 Elevation/m | 修复期 Period | 优势种 Dominant species | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 总盖度 Coverage/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Height/cm | 密度/ (株·m-2) Density/(plant·m-2) | 株高 Height/cm | 密度/ (株·m-2) Density/(plant·m-2) | ||||||
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘Terrace | 1 217 | 2020—2022 | 沙打旺 Astragalus laxmannii | 22.3±6.3 | 245.8±33.5 | — | — | 61.5±7.9 |
坡面Slope | 1 205 | 2020—2022 | 小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla | 29.8±40.7 | 319.6±45.1 | 107.2±19.1 | 18.4±6.1 | 82.4±14.3 | |
冰草 Agropyron cristatum | |||||||||
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘Terrace | 1 140 | 2019—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 18.2±4.3 | 148.1±23.6 | 62.1±11.3 | 21.3±5.2 | 83.3±8.6 |
羊草 Leymus chinensis | |||||||||
坡面Slope | 1 130 | 2019—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 35.6±8.8 | 141.2±14.5 | 93.8±22.6 | 15.4±2.6 | 81.7±12.5 | |
披碱草 Elymus dahuricus | |||||||||
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘Terrace | 1 075 | 2018—2022 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 16.2±3.6 | 92.8±10.5 | 86.2±14.7 | 23.0±5.7 | 74.8±10.2 |
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | |||||||||
坡面Slope | 1 060 | 2018—2022 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 38.7±7.4 | 115.5±20.6 | 79.3±16.8 | 31.3±9.6 | 50.6±6.9 | |
高羊茅 Festuca elata |
编号 Number | 物种 Species | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 重要值 Important value/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 南排土场 Dump of south | 东排土场 Dump of east | |||||||
平盘Terrace | 坡面 Slope | 平盘 Terrace | 坡面 Slope | 平盘 Terrace | 坡面 Slope | ||||
1 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae | 沙棘属 Hippophae | — | 2.21 | 3.53 | 1.96 | 6.39 | 7.66 |
2 | 沙柳 Salix cheilophila | 杨柳科 Salicaceae | 柳属 Salix | — | 0.40 | — | — | — | — |
3 | 白沙蒿 Artemisia stelleriana | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | — | — | 0.41 | — | — | 4.27 |
4 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 豆科 Fabaceae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana | — | 3.02 | 1.31 | 2.99 | 3.51 | 3.71 |
5 | 小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla | 豆科 Fabaceae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana | — | — | 6.86 | — | — | — |
6 | 兴安胡枝子 Lespedeza davurica | 豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子属Lespedeza | 1.17 | — | 1.38 | — | 6.90 | 0.99 |
7 | 胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子属Lespedeza | 0.89 | 3.60 | — | — | — | — |
8 | 羊柴 Corethrodendron fruticosum | 豆科 Fabaceae | 羊柴属Corethrodendron | — | 0.55 | — | — | — | — |
9 | 地梢瓜 Cynanchum thesioides | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 鹅绒藤属Cynanchum | — | 0.51 | — | — | — | — |
10 | 地榆 Sanguisorba officinalis | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地榆属Sanguisorba | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — |
11 | 沙打旺 Astragalus laxmannii | 豆科 Fabaceae | 黄芪属 Astragalus | 9.85 | 10.05 | 3.88 | — | 5.31 | 2.17 |
12 | 草木樨 Melilotus officinalis | 豆科 Fabaceae | 草木樨属Melilotus | 2.33 | 1.51 | 2.98 | — | 1.42 | — |
13 | 针茅 Stipa capillata | 禾本科 Gramineae | 针茅属 Stipa | 6.45 | 2.30 | 2.89 | — | 7.87 | 1.22 |
14 | 披碱草 Elymus dahuricus | 禾本科 Gramineae | 披碱草属 Elymus | 30.37 | 2.47 | 4.83 | 17.49 | — | — |
15 | 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | 豆科 Fabaceae | 苜蓿属 Medicago | 5.70 | 19.59 | 12.04 | 7.01 | 30.82 | — |
16 | 藜 Chenopodium album | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 藜属 Chenopodium | 1.04 | — | — | — | — | — |
17 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 赖草属 Leymus | 38.61 | 19.87 | 37.16 | 43.59 | 8.87 | 37.29 |
18 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | 3.16 | 0.41 | — | 6.41 | — | 10.19 |
19 | 高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科 Gramineae | 羊茅属Corethrodendron | — | 0.85 | 18.56 | 2.29 | 26.21 | 26.99 |
20 | 猪毛菜 Kali collinum | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 猪毛菜属 Kali | — | 3.59 | — | — | — | — |
21 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 禾本科 Gramineae | 冰草属 Agropyron | — | 28.18 | — | 12.55 | — | — |
22 | 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | — | 0.89 | — | — | — | — |
23 | 白花草木樨 Melilotus albus | 豆科 Fabaceae | 草木樨属Melilotus | — | — | 1.35 | — | — | — |
24 | 菊叶委陵菜 Potentilla tanacetifolia | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 委陵菜属Potentilla | — | — | 1.65 | — | — | — |
25 | 无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 雀麦属 Bromus | — | — | 1.17 | — | — | — |
26 | 大针茅 Stipa grandis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 针茅属 Stipa | — | — | — | 4.07 | — | 4.10 |
27 | 香青兰 Dracocephalum moldavica | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 青兰属Dracocephalum | — | — | — | 0.82 | — | — |
28 | 苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 菊科 Asteraceae | 苦荬菜属 Ixeris | — | — | — | 0.81 | — | — |
29 | 鸦葱 Takhtajaniantha austriaca | 菊科 Asteraceae | 鸦葱属Takhtajaniantha | — | — | — | — | 0.33 | — |
30 | 黄芩 Scutellaria baicalensis | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 黄芩属 Scutellaria | — | — | — | — | 1.90 | — |
31 | 蓝刺头 Echinops sphaerocephalus | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蓝刺头属 Echinops | — | — | — | — | 0.45 | — |
32 | 草木樨状黄芪 Astragalus melilotoides | 豆科 Fabaceae | 黄芪属 Astragalus | — | — | — | — | — | 1.41 |
Table 2 Species and important values of herbaceous plants in different survey plots
编号 Number | 物种 Species | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 重要值 Important value/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 南排土场 Dump of south | 东排土场 Dump of east | |||||||
平盘Terrace | 坡面 Slope | 平盘 Terrace | 坡面 Slope | 平盘 Terrace | 坡面 Slope | ||||
1 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae | 沙棘属 Hippophae | — | 2.21 | 3.53 | 1.96 | 6.39 | 7.66 |
2 | 沙柳 Salix cheilophila | 杨柳科 Salicaceae | 柳属 Salix | — | 0.40 | — | — | — | — |
3 | 白沙蒿 Artemisia stelleriana | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | — | — | 0.41 | — | — | 4.27 |
4 | 柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii | 豆科 Fabaceae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana | — | 3.02 | 1.31 | 2.99 | 3.51 | 3.71 |
5 | 小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla | 豆科 Fabaceae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana | — | — | 6.86 | — | — | — |
6 | 兴安胡枝子 Lespedeza davurica | 豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子属Lespedeza | 1.17 | — | 1.38 | — | 6.90 | 0.99 |
7 | 胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子属Lespedeza | 0.89 | 3.60 | — | — | — | — |
8 | 羊柴 Corethrodendron fruticosum | 豆科 Fabaceae | 羊柴属Corethrodendron | — | 0.55 | — | — | — | — |
9 | 地梢瓜 Cynanchum thesioides | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 鹅绒藤属Cynanchum | — | 0.51 | — | — | — | — |
10 | 地榆 Sanguisorba officinalis | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地榆属Sanguisorba | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — |
11 | 沙打旺 Astragalus laxmannii | 豆科 Fabaceae | 黄芪属 Astragalus | 9.85 | 10.05 | 3.88 | — | 5.31 | 2.17 |
12 | 草木樨 Melilotus officinalis | 豆科 Fabaceae | 草木樨属Melilotus | 2.33 | 1.51 | 2.98 | — | 1.42 | — |
13 | 针茅 Stipa capillata | 禾本科 Gramineae | 针茅属 Stipa | 6.45 | 2.30 | 2.89 | — | 7.87 | 1.22 |
14 | 披碱草 Elymus dahuricus | 禾本科 Gramineae | 披碱草属 Elymus | 30.37 | 2.47 | 4.83 | 17.49 | — | — |
15 | 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | 豆科 Fabaceae | 苜蓿属 Medicago | 5.70 | 19.59 | 12.04 | 7.01 | 30.82 | — |
16 | 藜 Chenopodium album | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 藜属 Chenopodium | 1.04 | — | — | — | — | — |
17 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 赖草属 Leymus | 38.61 | 19.87 | 37.16 | 43.59 | 8.87 | 37.29 |
18 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | 3.16 | 0.41 | — | 6.41 | — | 10.19 |
19 | 高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科 Gramineae | 羊茅属Corethrodendron | — | 0.85 | 18.56 | 2.29 | 26.21 | 26.99 |
20 | 猪毛菜 Kali collinum | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 猪毛菜属 Kali | — | 3.59 | — | — | — | — |
21 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 禾本科 Gramineae | 冰草属 Agropyron | — | 28.18 | — | 12.55 | — | — |
22 | 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蒿属 Artemisia | — | 0.89 | — | — | — | — |
23 | 白花草木樨 Melilotus albus | 豆科 Fabaceae | 草木樨属Melilotus | — | — | 1.35 | — | — | — |
24 | 菊叶委陵菜 Potentilla tanacetifolia | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 委陵菜属Potentilla | — | — | 1.65 | — | — | — |
25 | 无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 雀麦属 Bromus | — | — | 1.17 | — | — | — |
26 | 大针茅 Stipa grandis | 禾本科 Gramineae | 针茅属 Stipa | — | — | — | 4.07 | — | 4.10 |
27 | 香青兰 Dracocephalum moldavica | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 青兰属Dracocephalum | — | — | — | 0.82 | — | — |
28 | 苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 菊科 Asteraceae | 苦荬菜属 Ixeris | — | — | — | 0.81 | — | — |
29 | 鸦葱 Takhtajaniantha austriaca | 菊科 Asteraceae | 鸦葱属Takhtajaniantha | — | — | — | — | 0.33 | — |
30 | 黄芩 Scutellaria baicalensis | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 黄芩属 Scutellaria | — | — | — | — | 1.90 | — |
31 | 蓝刺头 Echinops sphaerocephalus | 菊科 Asteraceae | 蓝刺头属 Echinops | — | — | — | — | 0.45 | — |
32 | 草木樨状黄芪 Astragalus melilotoides | 豆科 Fabaceae | 黄芪属 Astragalus | — | — | — | — | — | 1.41 |
区域 Dump | 地块 Plot | Margale丰富度指数 R | Shannon-weiner指数 H | Simpson优势度指数 D | Pielou均匀度指数 E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘 Terrace | 0.591±0.194 cd | 1.307±0.413 bc | 0.642±0.074 ab | 0.713±0.124 b |
坡面 Slope | 1.002±0.265 b | 1.686±0.294 ab | 0.768±0.053 a | 0.744±0.016 ab | |
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘 Terrace | 0.679±0.245 c | 1.174±0.719 c | 0.554±0.352 c | 0.574±0.322 c |
坡面 Slope | 0.477±0.377 d | 0.972±0.536 c | 0.506±0.212 c | 0.615±0.207 bc | |
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘 Terrace | 0.887±0.058 b | 1.650±0.097 ab | 0.756±0.019 a | 0.764±0.021 ab |
坡面 Slope | 0.631±0.178 c | 0.886±0.298 c | 0.478±0.187 c | 0.533±0.193 c | |
天然草原 Grassland | 6.331±1.526 a | 1.892±0.235 a | 0.752±0.115 a | 0.863±0.147 a |
Table 3 Plant species diversity in different survey plots
区域 Dump | 地块 Plot | Margale丰富度指数 R | Shannon-weiner指数 H | Simpson优势度指数 D | Pielou均匀度指数 E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘 Terrace | 0.591±0.194 cd | 1.307±0.413 bc | 0.642±0.074 ab | 0.713±0.124 b |
坡面 Slope | 1.002±0.265 b | 1.686±0.294 ab | 0.768±0.053 a | 0.744±0.016 ab | |
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘 Terrace | 0.679±0.245 c | 1.174±0.719 c | 0.554±0.352 c | 0.574±0.322 c |
坡面 Slope | 0.477±0.377 d | 0.972±0.536 c | 0.506±0.212 c | 0.615±0.207 bc | |
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘 Terrace | 0.887±0.058 b | 1.650±0.097 ab | 0.756±0.019 a | 0.764±0.021 ab |
坡面 Slope | 0.631±0.178 c | 0.886±0.298 c | 0.478±0.187 c | 0.533±0.193 c | |
天然草原 Grassland | 6.331±1.526 a | 1.892±0.235 a | 0.752±0.115 a | 0.863±0.147 a |
区域 Dump | 地块 Plot | 拟合曲线 Fitting curve | R2 | 交点坐标 Intersection coordinate | 欧氏距离 Euclidean distance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (40.35,60.26) | 28.351 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.999 | (40.26,59.74) | 28.652 | ||
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (40.27,59.73) | 28.666 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.996 | (38.64,61.36) | 26.361 | ||
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (42.61,57.39) | 31.975 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.998 | (41.04,58.96) | 29.750 |
Table 4 Community stability of different survey plots
区域 Dump | 地块 Plot | 拟合曲线 Fitting curve | R2 | 交点坐标 Intersection coordinate | 欧氏距离 Euclidean distance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北排土场 Dump of north | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (40.35,60.26) | 28.351 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.999 | (40.26,59.74) | 28.652 | ||
南排土场 Dump of south | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (40.27,59.73) | 28.666 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.996 | (38.64,61.36) | 26.361 | ||
东排土场 Dump of east | 平盘 Terrace | 0.999 | (42.61,57.39) | 31.975 | |
坡面 Slope | 0.998 | (41.04,58.96) | 29.750 |
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