Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different types of plastic film on soil moisture heat and rape growth under the condition of planting on the film side， 3 kinds of film mulching treatments were set up including ordinary plastic white mulch film， black mulch film and liquid mulch film， with no film mulching as control （CK）. The field experiments were carried out to comprehensively analyze the effects of mulch film on soil moisture heat， rape growth and yield. The results showed that， compared with CK， 3 film mulching treatments increased the soil moisture by 0.49%~2.29% and 7.60%~10.77% in the seedling stage and the bud stage， respectively， and the water retention effects of black plastic film and white plastic film were significant at the bud stage. Compared with CK， the dry matter of rape under film treatments increased by 6.36%~38.36% and 7.52%~88.44% in the seedling stage and the bud stage， respectively， and the increase of black plastic film was the largest， followed by white plastic film， and the difference in bud stage was significant. The 3 film treatments could promote the agronomic characters of rape， and the effect of black plastic film was the best， the plant height， the length of the main inflorescence， the number of primary effective branches， the primary effective pods and the grains per pod of black plastic film increase by 11.53%， 18.34%， 50.10%， 46.46% and 87.50% compared with CK， respectively. The yield of rape under black plastic film treatment was 2 926.50 kg·hm^-2， which was significantly higher than those of white plastic film， liquid plastic film and CK by 34.67%， 81.60% and 87.55%， respectively. To sum up， black plastic film had a good effect of water conservation and yield increase under the film side planting， which could be used as a water-saving and drought-resistant， green， high-yield and efficient cultivation measure for rape in southwest dryland. Above results provided theoretical and technical support for further optimization and popularization of plastic film mulching rape.

Key words: mulch film type, soil hydrothermal, agronomic characters, rape yield

摘要：

为研究在膜侧种植条件下，不同类型地膜对耕作层土壤水热条件和油菜生长状况的影响，设置普通塑料白地膜、黑地膜以及液态地膜3种地膜覆盖处理，以不覆膜作为对照（CK），开展田间试验，综合分析地膜对土壤水热和油菜生长与产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，3种覆膜处理使油菜苗期和蕾苔期的土壤含水率分别增加0.49%~2.29%和7.60%~10.77%，其中黑地膜、白地膜处理在蕾苔期保水效果显著；油菜干物质量分别增加6.36%~38.36%和7.52%~88.44%，其中黑地膜增幅最大，白地膜次之，蕾苔期均与CK差异显著；3种地膜处理对油菜农艺性状均有促进效果，其中黑地膜表现最优，其株高、主序长度、一次有效分枝数、一次有效角果数、每果粒数分别较CK增加11.53%、18.34%、50.10%、46.46%、87.50%。黑地膜处理油菜的产量为2 926.50 kg·hm^-2，分别较白地膜、液态地膜、CK显著增产34.67%、81.60%、87.55%。综上所述，在膜侧种植下，覆盖黑地膜具有较好的保水增产效果，可作为西南旱地油菜节水抗旱、绿色高产高效的栽培措施。以上结果为进一步优化和普及地膜覆盖油菜提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 地膜种类, 土壤水热, 农艺性状, 油菜产量